Tomb of the Three Kingdoms Wei general Deng Ai
This article is written by Ni Fangliu
There are many celebrities in the Three Kingdoms, many tombs, and more topics.
In the headline "Playing The Phoenix Under the Plane Tree", the tombs of Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Huang Zhong, Ma Chao and others have been mentioned, all of whom are generals of the State of Liu Shu. The tomb of the Three Kingdoms that this article wants to talk about - the tomb owner is the Cao Wei general and the commander of the Shu Dynasty, Deng Ai.
Where is Deng Ai's tomb? At present, there are at least two tombs of Deng Ai in China, but there are more said and are regarded as the true tombs, in the southern foothills of Lonely Jade Mountain in Beimiao Township, Jiange County, Guangyuan City, Sichuan Province, next to the Beimiao Township Primary School in Jiange County.
(Jiange Deng Ai Tomb Protection Stele)
Deng Ai's tomb is next to the famous Shu Road "Golden Bull Road".
Qing Yongzheng's "Jianzhou Chronicle" records: "The Temple of King Zhangshun is in the Lonely Jade Mountain twenty miles north of the county, the Temple of Deng Ai, the general of Wei Zhengxi, and the tomb of Deng Ai is in Yan. Wang Xiangwen's "Shu Stele" records that during the Tang Dynasty, There was already a Deng Ai Temple Stele in Jianzhou, and the simiao Temple was before the Tang Dynasty. "The Temple of the King of Zhangshun" is the Temple of Deng Ai, which was built five generations ago by the King of Shu in the first month of the first year of the Tianhan Dynasty and posthumously honored Deng Ai as the "King of Zhangshun".
Deng Ai was a Wei general, a general of The Expeditionary Forces, he was the commander and vanguard of the Shu Dynasty, how could his tomb and temple be in Shudi?
In Chen Shou's "Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and Book of Wei", Deng Ai and Zhong Hui and other Wei generals were simultaneously transmitted, recording deng Ai's life deeds.
Judging from the records, breaking Shu is the credit of Deng Ai and Zhong Hui. However, Zhong Hui competed for merit and laid a black hand on Deng Ai, that is, the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu, Deng Ai's Biography": "Zhong Hui will be jealous of AiWei's name, which constitutes his affair." Zhong Hui wrote to the imperial court, falsely claiming that Deng Ai was going to rebel, and the imperial court believed it and arrested Deng Ai and Deng Zhong's father and son.
(Taurus Trail)
On the first day of the first lunar month in the fifth year of the JingYuan Dynasty (264 AD), the imperial court ordered that Deng Ai's father and son be escorted back to the capital Luoyang by prison cart.
According to this development, Deng Ai should die in Luoyang, at least not in Shudi. But just when Deng Ai was arrested and sent to Luoyang, Zhong Hui, who really had two hearts, mutinied, which changed things.
After Cao Wei's overseer Wei Ou quelled the Zhong Hui rebellion and killed Jiang Wei and Zhong Hui, he had a ghost in his heart, and he had framed Deng Ai with Zhong Hui and arrested Deng Ai, so Wei Ou was worried that Deng Ai was not good for him to live, so he sent Tian Xu, an escort who had always hated Deng Ai, to hunt down and kill Deng Ai's father and son. At Mianzhuxi (present-day Deyang, Sichuan), he caught up with the prison cart and executed Deng Ai's father and son on the spot.
For the specific process of Deng Ai's killing, the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is not loaded, and the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" has made a simple interpretation -
Tian Continued to lead five hundred soldiers to Mianzhu, just when Deng Ai's father and son released the sill cart and wanted to return Chengdu. Ai Only Dao was a soldier of the headquarters and did not prepare; when he wanted to ask, he was beheaded by Tian Xuyi. Deng Zhong also died in the rebellion. ”
(Deng Ai Stills)
After Deng Ai's father and son were killed, the subordinates who had followed Deng Ai for many years collected the corpses of Deng Ai's father and son and decided to transport them back to the capital Luoyang. However, when he reached the Sword Pavilion, he stopped moving forward and decided to bury Deng Ai's father and son next to the Shu Road, that is, under the Lonely Jade Mountain of the present-day North Temple.
Since then, when the Sword Pavilion has Deng Ai's tomb, there is one more "scenic spot" in Shuzhong.
Before the burial, the body of Deng Ai's father and son was placed on a large stone, and the landscape of "stall stone" under the Lonely Jade Mountain was like this, and Deng Ai's resume was also engraved on the stone.
Here is a question, since the body was transported to the north, why did you stop when you arrived at the Sword Pavilion? Folk legend has it that the corpse of Deng Ai's father and son was damaged, and maggots were born, which could not be preserved, so they had to be buried on the spot.
(Finished coffin)
In fact, this statement should not be in line with the facts, it was the first month, or winter, and the maggots on the corpse were not credible. Even if the corpse was damaged, the Shu Road was dangerous, and it was thousands of miles apart, if you really wanted to transport it back to Luoyang for burial, it was completely possible, mainly because the political environment at that time was not allowed to be transported back to Luoyang.
Deng Ai was arrested and killed as a rebel, and the imperial court did not rehabilitate him at that time, and he could not have been buried normally. It was not until the ninth year of the Tai Dynasty (273 AD) that Sima Yan, the Emperor wu of Jin, issued an edict and arranged for Deng Ai's grandson Deng Lang to be Langzhong, which was considered to be a rebellion against Deng Ai.
In an era when there is no high-speed rail and traffic remains unchanged, it is indeed difficult to transport Deng Ai back to Luoyang. When the more reasonable explanation, when walking to the bottom of the Lonely Jade Mountain, people are sleepy and tired, seeing that the trees in the place are lush and the mountains and forests are quiet, I think it is a good place to go, and the general will bury Deng Ai's father and son on the spot, and will talk about it later.
(Sword Gate Pass)
In 2009, I went to the Sword Pavilion to investigate, and I got off the car to walk the Golden Bull Road and climb the gate of the Pavilion. A legend was also heard that on the day of the burial of Deng Ai's father and son, forty-nine coffins were carried out to confuse the tomb robbers and avoid the theft of the real tomb in the future.
This is again imagination, this "anti-tomb robbery" act is not necessary, what burial items can be buried with abnormal killing? In fact, if the prevention is destroyed by political opponents in the future, it is a reason to be pickpocketed.
What is even more legendary is that when the earth was buried under Deng Ai's coffin, a strange celestial phenomenon appeared——
With a loud noise, lightning appeared in the sky, and between the peaks in the direction of the North Mountain 20 miles away, a huge peak protruded, resembling a large square seal. Two people on white horses appeared in the sky, saying that it was Deng Ai's father and son, and in order to repay the Shu people's funeral, they left the Xingshu Jade Seal behind--there was indeed a local Yintai Mountain and a lonely jade mountain looking at each other. Although this legend is not credible, this area has become a local scene.
(Ancient Shu Province)
The legends about Deng Ai are very rich in the Guangyuan area, and there are many more. For example, a small river under the LoneLy Jade Mountain is called "Guan Dao River", and it is said that Deng Ai's knife once fell into the river.
After the burial of Deng Ai, the local folk later built a temple for Deng Ai's father and son, and now the local government still has the custom of holding a temple fair in february of the lunar calendar every year.
The tomb of Deng Ai under the Lonely Jade Mountain is believed to be the burial place of Deng Ai's true body and has become a cultural relics protection unit. According to local survey data, in the late 1980s, Deng Ai's tomb was still 2.6 meters high, 7.4 meters long and wide, and surrounded by stone blocks. Underneath the mound, is the burial chamber.
(Tomb of Deng Ai)
Deng Ai's tomb was built in bluestone. During the investigation, it was found that due to disrepair and vandalism, the tomb had collapsed and the opening of the cave was wide open. Enter through the base road and see two stone chambers side by side, the two chambers are spaced 3 meters apart, the same size, each 3 meters long, 1.4 meters wide, and 1.8 meters high.
In front of the tomb there is a stone stele, the height of the stele is 3.3 meters, the width is 1 meter. This stele was erected during the Republic of China, and the inscription of Lin Weigan, commissioner of the 14th Branch of the Kuomintang, "Tomb of the Great General Deng Ai of Wei" in 8 large characters, and small characters inscribed the records of Deng Ai's killing in the Qing Dynasty Li Rong's "Complete Collection of Thirteen Peaks Bookstore".
After 1949, Deng Ai Temple was occupied as a school building, and by the 1980s it was also the student dormitory of Beimiao Township Primary School. Unfortunately, during the movement that emerged in the 1960s, many buildings of Deng Ai Temple were demolished during the renovation of the school, and only the main hall remains today.
(Remains of the Temple of King Zhangshun)
Today, Deng Ai's tomb has become a deserted tomb. According to the Guangyuan Evening News, in 2017, the descendants of the Tang clan donated millions of dollars to repair Deng Ai's tomb.
Some people doubt the authenticity of the tomb of Deng Ai in The Sword Pavilion. I think that in light of the actual situation at that time, the tomb of Deng Ai of the Sword Pavilion was still possible.
In addition to the tomb of Deng Ai in Jiange, there is also a tomb of Deng Ai in Pucheng County, Shaanxi.
Pucheng County Deng Ai is located in the south of Qian'a Village in present-day Luobin Town, the original cemetery is very large, covering an area of about 2,000 square meters, with tombs and Deng Gong Ancestral Hall, both facing southwest, with Stone Steles of the Former Qin, Jin and Qing Dynasties. Unfortunately, the Tang Ancestral Hall was destroyed by fire in the early years, and only the tomb and stele remain today.
There is no historical site of Deng Ai in Pucheng County, so where is Deng Ai's tomb? This brings us to his death.
(Pucheng Chongquan Ancient Town)
According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Ou killed Deng Ai's father and son by the hand of Tian Xu, and then Deng Ai's family members were also unlucky, and all the sons of Luoyang were also executed, but fortunately, Deng Ai's wife and grandson were left with a way to live, and they were sent to the Western Regions and became "people's subordinates".
The Deng family fled into hiding, and one of them settled in Donghechuan, Zhongzhong Zuo Feng Yi Chongquan County, in the area of present-day Hou'a Village in Pucheng County. Later, the people of the Deng clan came to gather one after another to form Deng Jiabao. In order not to forget the ancestors, a tomb was built for Deng Ai in the south of the village, which is now the tomb of Deng Ai in Pucheng. After Deng Ai's rehabilitation, the "Deng Gong Ancestral Hall" was built to commemorate it permanently.
(Wei Ou stills)