The first day of the first lunar month is a traditional grand festival in China's history, commonly known as "New Year", now known as "Spring Festival". The festival starts from the last day of the Waxing Moon, called "Chinese New Year's Eve" (some years are not thirty), generally as soon as the Waxing Moon enters, people begin to be busy, grinding noodles, spreading pancakes, steaming steamed buns. Catching up with the store to prepare new year goods also began.
Cleaning the house on the eighth day of the first lunar month.
Before the twenty-third day of the lunar month, those who have gone out return home.
On the thirtieth day of the Waxing Moon, the festive atmosphere is particularly strong, cleaning up, cleaning the courtyard, in the granary, in front of the door, the shadow wall wall is pasted with auspicious words written on red paper, called "sticking spring union", commonly known as "sticking pairs". In the afternoon, young people were busy carrying water. (Farmer's Habit: You are not allowed to carry water on the first day of the Chinese New Year, so you must prepare enough water). Women began to wrap dumplings, divided into meat and vegetarian.
It is night, which is called "Chinese New Year's Eve". At night, the elderly invite the ancestors to take out the ancestral tablets, so that they live in the main house, and then go to Zuying or the intersection outside the village to burn incense and burn paper, and ask the ancestors to go home for the New Year, called "please family hall". When he returned home, he set up sacrifices in front of the throne of the god, burned incense and paper to sacrifice the ancestors, and led his descendants to prostrate themselves to the throne of the god lord. Felt mats, thin balls, and other objects set up in front of the god's table are not moved for human sacrifice. In the courtyard, there is a hanging lamp, set up an incense case, called the "Heaven and Earth Table", on which sacrifices, incense candles, paper horses, etc., are placed to sacrifice heaven and earth. After the sacrifice is completed, it begins with the clan, and the door is near the room. After entering the door, first prostrate to the Lord, then prostrate to the elder, gossip a little, then resign, return to another home, and for this reason, it is called "resignation".
Chinese New Year's Eve the night meal is particularly sumptuous, with good food and wine, drinking at home, and eating together. After the wine is finished, it is necessary to make Chinese New Year's Eve rice, which should be made more and the rest is good, and most of them are eaten under vegetarian hinges. The "su" person "su" is also taken, so it is taken from its harmonic sound, which has the meaning of "su jing". When the dumplings are laid down, they are first filled with three or five, and their soup is poured in front of the table of heaven and earth and in front of the soap throne, and then firecrackers are set off, called "letting go of horses". Chinese New Year's Eve the night meal, regardless of the child, it is better to eat more, and for the young child who sleeps first, he will put the meal at the head of the bed and put a pair of spoons to show his full meal.
Chinese New Year's Eve avoid sleep at night, sit around the family, and keep the age. Chinese New Year's Eve, the lights inside and outside the house are brilliant, illuminated into the day, and the firecrackers are fired in unison to greet the gods of good fortune such as "the god of joy" and "the god of wealth", and the young people burn the grass of the valley, and everyone roasts it, which is called "roasted scorched grass". This is the time when the festive atmosphere is at its peak.
The next day is the first day of the Chinese New Year, and after getting up in the morning, first burn incense in front of the Lord, in front of the table of heaven and earth, in the room, mill, etc., and then worship. After breakfast, return to the door for Chinese New Year's Eve night, called the New Year's Greeting. Entering the door, the elder still prostrates to the Lord first, and then prostrates to the elderly, and the elders give money to the head, called "generation money". Those who meet the elderly of the same generation at a young age prostrate themselves to the prime minister, and the elders return the favor with respect.
On the morning of the second day of the New Year, the parents will light incense candles, burn fire paper, prostrate themselves to the ancestors, and then carry the incense in their hands to Zu Ying or outside the village, and then invite the god's tablet up, remove the offerings, and call it "sending the family hall". After dinner, they go out to visit the New Year.
On the fifth and sixth days of the first month, iron, carpentry, shops and other lines opened, set fire to burn paper incense, pay homage to the god of wealth, and the red paper book at the head of the door: the opening of the market is auspicious.
The farmer has the habit of eating dumplings and drinking noodles in the seventh month of the first month.
After the liberation of the whole country, the Central People's Government stipulated the Spring Festival as a legal holiday, during which all old customs with feudal superstition were basically abolished, and Chinese New Year's Eve still set up a rich wine and dinner, and family dinners.
On the fifteenth day of the first month, the ancient name "Shangyuan Festival" is now called "Yuanxiao Festival", which is to put on lights, set off firecrackers, and put on flower tubes at night. All brides who have not yet reached three years must return to their mother's house before fifteen years to "hide from the lamp".
On the second of February, "the dragon looks up", and women avoid needlework and are afraid of picking "dragon eyes". Early this morning, the farmer used firewood ash to draw a garden in the courtyard and at the entrance, which is called "warehouse", and the grain is pressed with stone slabs, which is called "playing warehouse". It means that the warehouse is full of hoarding, and there is more than enough for the celebration. This festival has the habit of frying "scorpion claws" (beans). Brides also return to their mothers' homes for the holidays. At this point, the grand scene of the Spring Festival disappeared.
Qingming, generally during the second month of the lunar calendar (around the fifth month of april in the Gregorian calendar), although the countryside has reached the time of spring busyness, the farmer still makes a spring festival on this day, planting willows at the head of the door, going out to travel to the spring, going to Zu Ying's grave, and sacrificing ancestors. After liberation, a very small number of people still worship their ancestors on this day, and most of them ideologically cleared the remnants of feudal superstitions, and under the arrangements of organs, schools, organizations, and other organizations, they went on spring tours or went to the martyrs' cemeteries to pay homage to the martyrs, lay wreaths, and tell the heroic deeds of the martyrs, so as to educate future generations to inherit the legacy of the martyrs and work and study diligently for the future of the motherland.
The fifth day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar is the Dragon Boat Festival, commonly known as the "May Festival", which was originally intended to commemorate Qu Yuan, the great patriotic poet of ancient China, and has been passed down to this day. It is known that the breakfast farmer eats more boiled eggs, and children wear sachets sewn with five-color cloth that can "drive away evil spirits and avoid disasters", which are full of aroma and aromatic for a long time. In history, there are still habits of inserting mugwort and eating rice dumplings, which are still rare, but the habit of eating eggs and dumplings is still prevalent.
On the sixth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar, although it is not included in the agricultural festival, it is historically accustomed to drying clothes, cabinets and other things in this day, saying that this sun-drying clothes can avoid insects and moths, mold and so on.
August 15 is the Mid-Autumn Festival (also known as Mid-Autumn), as the saying goes: July 15 is set drought and flood, August 15 is set dry, (dry yi is the harvest). This is a big festival for farmers. It is a night farmer who puts wine and dinner under the moon, eating melon fruits, moon cakes, etc. Gossip about the harvest and autumn harvest, autumn planting, plans for the coming year, etc., this move is called "full moon", in the old days it was night, and offerings were set up to sacrifice the moon. More cadres and workers also returned home for fifteen years on this day, and the new daughter-in-law returned to her mother's house fifteen years ago, which is still the case today.
September 9 is the Chongyang Festival, autumn harvest and autumn planting and other agricultural affairs are nearing the end, in the old days only for the god of ceres, in order to pray for a better harvest in the coming year.
The first day of the tenth month of the lunar calendar is the day of the autumn festival, called "Ghost Festival", and more children and grandchildren burn incense paper for the deceased ancestors before and after this day.
The eighth day of the first lunar month, the festival of winter. People often say: La seven la eight, frozen to death is called hua. It's the coldest time. On this day, ancient and modern people have the habit of cooking "Laba porridge". Rich families put red dates, peanut kernels, walnut kernels, mung beans, soybeans, melon seeds, etc. into the porridge, which is called "Eight Treasure Rice". Poor families replace it with millet. Some also told their children about the origin of "Laba Porridge" and taught their children to live a diligent and frugal life. In addition, farmers also clean their houses on this day, which has made preparations for the New Year, which is called "dust dust." ”
On the twenty-third day of the 23rd lunar month, the stove king went to heaven, and the farmer "sacrificed soap" (word soap) on this day, set up offerings in front of the stove seat, and prayed that the stove king "said good things in heaven and kept peace in the netherworld". The people who went out then returned home one day to participate in the resignation stove.
In the old society, as soon as the waxing moon was entered, the farmers began to make noodles, spread pancakes, and make tofu festivals.