【Disaster Emergency Response】 We should do a good job in the prevention and control of crop diseases, insects, and rodents in spring

With the beginning of spring sowing, early spring pests and rodents will also enter a period of control. All localities should adopt effective measures in accordance with local conditions, especially to promptly inform large growers and farmers of relevant technologies, give full play to the role of plant protection technology in agricultural production, control the pests and rats before they multiply in large numbers, and fight the first battle in the prevention and control of crop diseases, insects, and rats throughout the year.

1. Grassland nocturnal moth

At present, the larvae of Guangxi grassland nightcrawler are only found on maize, with a cumulative occurrence area of 557 mu and a control area of 554 mu. In early to mid-February, there were 11 counties in the whole region where larvae were seen for the first time, with an average number of 100 larvae of 100 and 12 (Wuming); the average rate of victimized plants was 2.38%, and the maximum number of individual plots was 76% (Hepu). With the temperature warming up, all localities should earnestly do a good job in the monitoring, prevention and control guidance of the grassland moth, grasp the early prevention and control of the larvae at a young age according to the monitoring and investigation, highlight the early prevention and control of early spring corn and newly planted cane according to the characteristics of the gathering of grassland moths, widely publicize and mobilize the masses to carry out reconnaissance with medicine, point killing point treatment, effectively suppress the population base in the early spring season, and control the harm of their vines.

2. Eliminate rats in agricultural areas in spring

According to the recent survey of relevant counties and districts in Guinan and Guizhong, the catch rate of 100 clips in farmland is generally 0.6% to 6.5%, and the high rate is 11.33%; the rate of stolen holes is generally 1% to 6.9%, and the high rate is 23%; the density of rats is generally 1.2 to 3.2 heads/mu, and the high rate is 5.9 heads/mu. It is estimated that the incidence of pest rats in the whole region will reach a moderate level in 2021, with an area of about 18 million mu. Spring rat pests mainly occur in spring planting spring sowing fields (land), winter planting crop fields, artificial planting fungus sheds, village edge fields, riversides, ditches and other places.

2.2 Rat Extermination Opinions

2.2.1 Enhance the awareness of disease prevention, strengthen the intensity of rat extermination work, the reproductive ability of pest rats is strong, and doing a good job of rat extermination in agricultural areas in the spring of 2021 is still one of the important measures to ensure the smooth development of spring ploughing production in our region and even the safety of agricultural production throughout the year. All localities should raise their awareness, win the attention of local leaders, and increase input; strengthen monitoring and reporting on rat conditions, and timely release information on rat conditions; do a good job in training in rat extermination techniques, popularize rat extermination techniques, carry out rat extermination activities in agricultural areas in spring according to local conditions, and eliminate pest rats before they multiply in large numbers in the spring.

2.2.2 Scientifically formulate a rat control program for rat pest control in agricultural areas is a long-term and arduous task, and spring rat control is a key period for the control of pest rats throughout the year. All localities should take unified action and carry out continuous prevention and control on a large scale; adopt scientific methods, carry out comprehensive management, and implement a combination of unified rat eradication and regular rat eradication. In places with high rat density, emergency measures for chemical drug poisoning and rat extermination are implemented, supplemented by ecological control and agricultural control; in places with low rat density (the rat catching rate is less than 5%), agricultural, physical and biological control measures can be taken to carry out comprehensive prevention and control, and vigorously promote the rat control technology of the poison bait station.

2.2.3 Key points of bait booby trap technology at present mainly promote the use of anticoagulant, high-efficiency and safe rodenticides, such as sodium salt of enemy rats, bromine rats, bromodiron, etc. Fresh rice (or rice) is selected as bait, and the drug solution immersion method is used to prepare poisonous bait, which is now used, and under the guidance of technical personnel, it is centrally prepared and distributed to the majority of farmers for use.

3. Seed seedbed disinfection

Many diseases of crops are caused by seed carrier bacteria, such as bacterial diseases such as white leaf blight, bacterial stripe disease, and fungal diseases such as rice blast, which are often the main source of the first infection of crop diseases. Therefore, doing a good job in seed disinfection can greatly reduce the occurrence of these diseases, which is an economical, effective, simple and practical prevention and control measure.

3.1 Seed disinfection

Rice rice can be soaked with imidamin, lycoperitrile and ethanesin to prevent malignant seedling disease and rice blast disease, and seed mixed with imidacloprid and butylthiolk Budweiser seed treatment agent to prevent rice planthopper, rice thrips and leafhoppers at the seedling stage.

Corn is coated with seed coating agents containing thiamethoxine, imidacloprid, chlorherabenzamide and other ingredients to prevent seedling-stage pests such as underground pests, thrips, aphids and gray planthoppers.

Sugarcane new planting cane should be soaked or seed mixed with medicament, soaking the cane seeds in 50% carbendazim 500 times liquid for 3 to 4 minutes, or soaking 3% to 4% lime water for 8 hours, or 20% lime water for 1 minute.

Vegetables are mixed with 50% Fumei double wettable powder or 70% Daisen manganese zinc wettable powder.

3.2 Seedbed soil disinfection

Vegetable seedbeds are used to tillage the soil, sprinkle lime nitrogen on the soil, disinfect the sun and other measures to prevent blight, root rot, root knot nematodes and other soil-borne diseases.

Fields with excessive acidity in sugarcane soil, 60 to 70 kg of lime powder per mu, can inhibit the reproduction of bromeliad bacteria.

4. Other agricultural prevention and control measures

4.1 Select high-yield disease- and insect-resistant varieties or combinations according to local conditions, select varieties or combinations with good yield performance and strong resistance to (resistance) to diseases and insects, improve the resistance of plants to diseases and insects, and prevent or reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

4.2 The use of insect-proof nets to breed seedlings with 30 mesh insect-proof nets or non-woven fabrics to block seedlings can effectively block the invasion of rice planthoppers into the rice field to spread poison, play a role in preventing rice virus diseases such as southern black stripe dwarf disease, and prevent seedling rice thrips, leafhoppers, etc.

4.3 Improve rice seed germination technology. When germination, promote high temperature (36 °C ~ 38 °C) dew, suitable temperature (30 °C ~ 35 °C) germination, cooling (20 °C ~ 25 °C) to practice buds, so that the seed buds reach the standard of qi, uniform, short and strong.

4.4 Spring instilling borers to eliminate the source of insects before the initial occurrence and mass reproduction is a very effective method of disaster reduction and prevention, so spring instilling borers should be carried out in time during the pupa pupa of borer larvae such as three borer borers, dihua borers and Taiwan rice borers. Timely irrigation of winter idle fields to plow raking fields, and irrigation of 2 to 3 times of running horse water for winter planting of green manure fields accelerate the decay of rice and the death of overwintering insect sources, and reduce the incidence base of insect sources.

4.5 Salvage sclerotia, reduce the source of bacteria In the spring ploughing irrigated water rake field, the floating slag floating on the water surface will be salvaged and dried, burned or buried deeply, destroy or reduce the source of bacteria, and reduce the occurrence of disease.

4.6 Clean the countryside and timely remove (prune) the dead plants, residual leaves (diseased branches and leaves), rotten fruits and residual fruits of the cane fields and orchards, and burn them centrally or bury them deeply to reduce the source of diseases and insects.

Crop disease and pest monitoring and reporting station in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

(Source: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Plant Protection Station)