According to the comprehensive analysis of the crop planting structure in our region, combined with the climatic characteristics of last winter and this spring, the source base of diseases and insects and historical data, the overall incidence of the main insect pests and insect pests in our region in the first half of 2021 is medium to heavy local large occurrence, and the estimated occurrence area is 151 million mu, which is flat year-on-year. Compared with the same period last year, rice planthopper and rice stripe blight still showed a more heavy occurrence trend; grassland night moth was locally more intense; rice longitudinal leaf borer, rice virus disease, yellow curved striped jumping nail, citrus red spider, citrus leafminer moth, citrus psyllid, orange small fruit fly, twill moth, rat infestation, etc. occurred in the local area.
First, a type of disease and insect
(1) Rice diseases and insects The overall incidence of rice diseases and insects is partially large-scale, of which rice planthoppers, rice longitudinal curls, dimorphic borers, rice blast disease, and southern rice black strip dwarf disease are expected to occur in an area of 22.3 million mu.
1. Rice planthopper Is expected to occur in a moderately heavy local area, with an area of 10.2 million mu and a widespread occurrence in the whole region.
2. Rice longitudinal curl leaf borer Is expected to occur in a medium localized manner, with an area of 8 million mu and a widespread occurrence in the whole region. Among them, most of the rice areas in northeast Guizhou, northwest Guizhou and southern Guizhou are heavy occurrence areas.
3. Dimorphic borer Is expected to occur in a mild and moderate degree, with an area of 1.3 million mu. Among them, most of the northeast and northwestern Parts of Guizhou are more serious, and the occurrence in other rice areas is on the rise.
4. Rice blast is expected to occur in a mild and moderate local area, with an area of 2.5 million mu. The main areas where the occurrence occurs are mountainous areas and historical areas where there are many varieties of diseases.
5. The incidence of black stripe dwarf disease in southern rice is expected to be mild and moderate, with an area of 300,000 mu.
(2) Grassland nocturnal moth Is expected to occur in a moderately localized area, with an area of 1.95 million mu; the local maize planting areas in western Guizhou and southeastern Guizhou are more serious.
(3) Armyworms Are expected to occur in a light and localized area, with an area of 300,000 mu, and the main occurrence areas are parts of Northwest Guizhou, Central Guizhou, and Youjiang River Valley.
(4) Flying locusts The expected occurrence of locusts is light and local, with an area of 10,000 mu, and the main occurrence area is the local area of Laibin and Liuzhou City.
(5) Potato late blight Is expected to occur in a mild and moderate degree, with an estimated area of 85,000 mu.
Second, two types of diseases and insects
(1) Rice diseases and insects The overall degree of occurrence is partial to large occurrence, of which rice blight, rice bacterial stripe disease, rice aspergillosis, and tricolor borer are expected to occur in an area of 10.05 million mu.
1. Rice blight is expected to occur in a local area with an area of 8.9 million mu and a widespread occurrence in the whole region. The re-occurrence area is a high-yield rice area in northeast Guizhou and southeast Guizhou.
2. Rice bacterial stripe disease is expected to occur in a mild and medium-sized degree, with an area of 50,000 mu.
3. Rice aspergillosis is expected to occur in a mild and moderate degree, with an area of 300,000 mu.
4. The degree of occurrence of sanhua borer is expected to be light and local, with an area of 800,000 mu. The main occurrence areas are most of central Guizhou and part of the rice areas of the Right River Valley and southern Guizhou.
(2) Maize borer Is expected to occur in a mild and moderate degree, with an area of 1.5 million mu.
(3) Orange small fruit fly It is expected that the degree of occurrence is light and local, with an area of 600,000 mu. In addition to citrus, the orange fly can also harm more than 250 kinds of fruits such as mango, guava, cherimoya, peach, loquat and so on. The occurrence of local citrus growing areas is on the rise.
(4) Citrus diseases and insects The overall incidence is heavy, of which citrus canker disease, citrus full claw mite (citrus red spider), and citrus psyllid are expected to occur in an area of 7.5 million mu.
1. Citrus canker disease is expected to occur to a lesser extent than a localized area, with an area of 1 million mu.
2. Citrus full claw mite Is expected to occur to a heavier degree, with an area of 4.8 million mu.
3. Citrus lice is expected to occur in a mild and moderate degree, with an area of 1.7 million mu.
(5) Sugarcane diseases and insects The overall incidence of sugarcane disease is medium and local, of which sugarcane borer (stripe borer, two-point borer, yellow borer) and sugarcane smut disease are expected to occur in an area of 8.2 million mu.
1. Sugarcane borer is expected to occur in a medium localized manner, with an area of 6.1 million mu.
2. Sugarcane smut disease is expected to occur in a moderately localized manner, with an area of 2.1 million mu.
(6) Small cabbage moths Are expected to occur to a moderate degree, with an area of 1 million mu.
(7) Twill noctus Moth Is expected to occur to a light and localized degree, with an area of 1.5 million mu. Twill noctus larvae can feed on the leaves of nearly 300 species of plants, including peanuts, corn, sweet potatoes, taro, lotus, soybean, tobacco, beets, and cruciferous and nightshade vegetables, and are intermittently rampant.
3. Other diseases and insects
(1) Rice diseases and insects Diseases such as giant borer, Taiwan rice borer, rice flax leaf spot disease, rice root-knot nematodes, rice orange leaf disease, rice mites, rice bugs, rice thrips, rice locusts, and rice leafhoppers will occur to varying degrees in some rice areas.
(2) Corn diseases and insects The overall incidence is mild and moderate, of which corn blight, corn size spots, corn aphids, and corn iron beetles are expected to occur in an area of 4.41 million mu.
1. Corn blight is expected to occur in a mild and moderate degree, with an area of 1.45 million mu.
2. Maize size spot disease is expected to occur in a mild and moderate local area, with an area of 1.1 million mu.
3. Corn aphids Are expected to occur in a mild and moderate degree, with an area of 1.75 million mu.
4. Maize iron beetle is expected to occur in a mild and medium-sized area, with an area of 110,000 mu; the main area of occurrence is most of Guixi and guizhong local corn planting area.
(3) Citrus diseases and insects The overall incidence is medium, of which citrus leafminer moth, citrus rust tick, citrus tick, citrus whitefly, citrus anthrax, citrus scab disease is expected to occur in an area of 10.75 million mu.
1. Citrus leafminer moth Is expected to occur in a moderately localized manner, with an area of 3.2 million mu.
2. Citrus rust ticks Are expected to occur in a mild and moderate degree, with an area of 1.85 million mu.
3. Citrus beetles are expected to occur in a mild and moderate degree, with an area of 1.5 million mu.
4. Citrus whitefly is expected to occur in a mild and moderate degree, with an area of 1.2 million mu.
5. Citrus anthrax is expected to occur in a moderate degree, with an area of 2 million mu.
6. Citrus scab is expected to occur in a mild and moderate degree, with an area of 1 million mu.
(4) Lychee diseases and insects The overall incidence degree is medium and local, of which lychee downy mildew, lychee bugs and lychee moths are expected to occur in an area of 3.7 million mu.
1. Lychee downy mildew is expected to occur in a medium localized manner, with an area of 1.2 million mu.
2. Litchi bugs Are expected to occur in a moderately localized manner, with an area of 1 million mu.
3. Lychee moth is expected to occur in a medium local area with an area of 1.5 million mu.
(5) Sugarcane diseases and insects The overall incidence is mild and moderate, of which sugarcane cotton aphid, sugarcane thrips, sugarcane cane turtle, sugarcane root sawn cattle, and sugarcane pineapple disease are expected to occur in an area of 8 million mu.
1. Sugarcane cotton aphid Is expected to occur in a mild and moderate degree, with an area of 2 million mu.
2. Sugarcane thrips Are expected to occur in a mild and moderate local area, with an area of 4.5 million mu.
3. Sugarcane cane turtle Is expected to occur in a mild and moderate degree, with an area of 500,000 mu.
4. Sugarcane root sawing cattle Is expected to occur in a mild and moderate degree, with an area of 600,000 mu.
5. Sugarcane pineapple disease is expected to occur to a mild and locally mild degree, with an area of 400,000 mu.
(6) Vegetable diseases and insects The overall incidence of the disease is mild and moderate, of which the yellow curved stripe jumping beetle, the vegetable aphid, the vegetable green worm, the American spotted fly, the cabbage downy mildew disease, and the cabbage soft rot disease are expected to occur in an area of 5.7 million mu.
1. Yellow curved strip jumping nail The degree of occurrence is expected to be moderately locally heavy, and the occurrence area is 1.3 million mu.
2. The incidence of rapeseed is expected to be moderately localized, with an area of 1.5 million mu.
3. Vegetable green insects Are expected to occur in a mild and moderate local area, with an area of 1.1 million mu.
4. American spotted fly is expected to occur in a mild and moderate local area, with an area of 700,000 mu.
5. Cabbage downy mildew is expected to occur in a mild and moderate local area, with an area of 600,000 mu.
6. Cabbage soft rot is expected to occur in a mild and moderate local area, with an area of 500,000 mu.
(7) Rat infestation Is expected to occur in a moderately localized area, with an area of 9.6 million mu; it occurs in a widespread manner, with heavy occurrence in mountainous areas and drylands.
(8) Fushou snail The degree of occurrence is expected to be mild and moderate, with an area of 3.2 million mu.
(9) Soil locusts Are expected to occur to a mild and localized extent, with an area of 700,000 mu.
(10) Mulberry tree diseases and insects The overall incidence is mild and moderate, of which mulberry disease, mulberry borer and mulberry red spider are expected to occur in an area of 2 million mu. In addition, the occurrence of mulberry shoot sclerotia in local mulberry planting areas showed an upward trend.
(11) Grass pests Are expected to occur in a moderate degree, with an area of 36 million mu.
Fourth, the main basis
(1) The source base of diseases and insects
1, rice planthopper under the lamp under the first sight period is close to last year, perennial. The number of insects under the lamp is lower than last year and perennial, and the total number of single lamp insects from March 1 to 25, 2021 is 16.61 heads, which is 74.21% and 57.78% less than the same period last year and the average annual level; there is no obvious peak. According to a survey conducted by Beihai City in early March, there were 11 head of insect residues per mu, which was 2.75 times that of the same period last year.
As of March 24, adults and larvae have occurred in 47 counties in Guangxi. At present, the area of the whole district is 18,700 mu, and the control area has been carried out 34,700 mu, and the field larvae survey in each county (city, district) has occurred recently: the average number of 100 insects is 3.9, and the local field block is 49 to 69 heads (Pingguo, Tian'e, Ningming); the average victim plant rate is 4.3%, and the height of individual fields is 34% to 61% (Tianyang, Qinnan, Ningming).
3. Sanhua borer Statistics Heshan and other 59 counties (cities, districts) of the three types of field weighted average insect population density of 80.00 head / mu, respectively, compared with the same period last year, the perennial decrease of 20.06%, 56.98%. The overwintering mortality rate of Sanhua borer in most rice areas was flat to increase from the previous year, and the weighted mortality rate of various types of fields in 52 counties (cities, districts) such as Xiangzhou was 8.19%, 2.89% higher than the same period last year and 13.88% lower than usual.
4. Erhua borer The weighted average residual insect population density of each type of erhua borer in 14 counties such as meltwater was 3427.00 heads/mu, which was basically the same as the same period last year; Pingle, Huanjiang, Sanjiang, Tianyang, Nandan and other counties increased significantly over the same period last year, of which the weighted average residual insect population of various types of erhua borer in Pingle County (15222.2 heads/mu) was 1.86 times that of the same period last year.
5. Rice pattern blight According to the survey of the amount of sclerotia in 26 counties (cities, districts) such as meltwater in early March, the number of counties with a weighted average sclerotia reduction compared with the same period last year was 3, accounting for 11.54% of the number of counties surveyed; the others were the same as the same period last year. The average sclerotium volume of all types of fields was 34,700 grains/mu, which was basically the same as that of the same period last year.
6, corn iron beetle According to the survey of post-winter insect sources in various places, the density of insect populations is higher than that of the same period last year: except for Longzhou, Pingxiang and Bama counties (cities) that are higher than the same period last year, other counties and districts are less or the same as the same period last year.
7, sugarcane borer Jiangzhou District Plant Protection Station February 21 ~ March 15 sex trap monitoring point to induce 4361 borer moths, mostly strip borer, compared with the peak period of the same generation of moths in the calendar year, the total amount of moths attracted is the highest value since 2012, according to Jiangzhou, Fusui, Shanglin, Liucheng, Xingbin and other counties (districts) recently surveyed, the amount of insects in the field is large, of which Jiangzhou District march 15 survey of sugen cane field, the amount of eggs per mu is generally 107-213 pieces, an average of 151 pieces, Fusui County surveyed the density of residual insects after winter in Sugencane, which is generally 30 to 50 heads/mu, and 75 heads/mu high.
8. Citrus lice According to the recent investigation of the occurrence of citrus lice in some counties (cities, districts) in the region, it mainly occurs in local orchards in Guidong, Guizhong and Guinan. According to the survey of Guigang, Lingchuan, Wuxuan, Jinxiu, Hepu and other cities, counties (districts), the occurrence area accounts for 10% to 60% of the planting area, and the number of insects with hundreds of adults is generally 1 to 4, and the high is up to 500. Among them, Jinxiu County surveyed, the occurrence area of 55,000 mu, accounting for about 60% of the planting area, a small number of orchard insects generally 20 ~ 50 heads / hundred shoots, individual up to 3,000 heads / hundred shoots.
(2) Agricultural activities
As of March 19, 16,028,300 kilograms of early rice seeds have been impregnated in the whole region, of which 10,744,000 kilograms of hybrid rice seeds and 486,800 mu of early rice seedlings have been planted, and all cities have begun early rice seedling breeding work. The area of early rice has been planted in the whole region is 816,000 mu, and the nine cities of Nanning, Wuzhou, Beihai, Qinzhou, Guigang, Yulin, Baise, Laibin and Chongzuo have started early rice planting; the area of spring corn is 4.938 million mu, the area of beans is 605,100 mu; the area of vegetables is 4,288,200 mu, and the area of sugarcane is 10,947,900 mu, of which the sugar cane area is 10.7544 million mu, the fruit cane area is 193,500 mu, and the oil area is 1,751,100 mu.
The imbalance of spring planting in various places makes the rice growth period in the whole region relatively long, and the increase in bridge fields is beneficial to the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.
(3) Climatic factors
In the winter of 2020 (December 2020 to February 2021), the average temperature in Guangxi was 13.4 °C, which was higher than usual; among them, the average temperature in February was 16.9 °C, which was 3.8 °C higher than the same period of the year, the third highest since 1951. In the winter of 2020, Guangxi averaged 27.8 mm, which was less than usual; among them, the average precipitation in the whole region in January was 3.8 mm, 92.4% less than the same period of the year, the second smallest in history since 1951; the average precipitation in February was 70.5 mm, 20% more than the same period of the year. Sunny and rainy, high temperature and high humidity weather is very conducive to the breeding of crop diseases and insect pests.
V. Opinions on Prevention and Control
(1) Strengthen monitoring and early warning.
Guangxi is the first stop for the migration and breeding of migratory flying pests from Southeast Asia, and the year-round breeding area of the grassland night moth, all localities should fully understand the strategic position of the monitoring and control of migratory flying pests in our region in the country, earnestly do a good job in monitoring and early warning of migratory pests such as rice planthoppers, rice longitudinal leaf borer, and grassland night moth, provide information for the prediction of migratory flying pests in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and even the whole country, and do a good job in guiding the prevention and control work and reducing the pressure on the prevention and control in the middle and lower reaches of the country.
(2) Increase funding input.
We should fully understand the importance of disease and pest monitoring and reporting, strengthen leadership management, attach importance to supporting monitoring and reporting work, invest necessary business funds, promote the standardization, visualization and standardization of forecasting and forecasting work, and ensure the smooth development of field investigation, information transmission, early warning and release of plant protection departments.
(3) Ensure the smooth flow of information.
The scientific and technological personnel of agricultural plant protection departments at all levels should adhere to the work system of "daily investigation, five-day reporting, and real-time reporting of major diseases and insect disasters", conduct in-depth field investigations, grasp the dynamics of diseases and insects, especially focus on investigating the occurrence of migratory aircraft pests, epidemic diseases and sudden major diseases and insect pests, timely and accurately release information on diseases and insects, report to the competent government departments in a timely manner, and timely transmit prevention and control information to towns and villages (tuns) to inform large planters, specialized unified prevention and control organizations, and the vast number of farmers.
(4) Timely and scientific prevention and control.
All localities should vigorously carry out training in green prevention and control technologies, popularize and improve disease and pest control technologies, organize grass-roots prevention and control networks, and carry out mass prevention and mass treatment. Actively promote the use of new technologies for prevention and control of safe, efficient and economical counterpart pesticides.
(Source: Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Plant Protection Station)