Sea cucumber is one of the "eight treasures", which has been a valuable tonic treasure since ancient times; there are many varieties of sea cucumbers, and there are more than a dozen common ones on the market, do you know them?
1. Imitation ginseng
Scientific name: Apostichopusjaponicus
Chinese name: imitation ginseng, gray ginseng, thorn ginseng, sea rat
(1) Morphological characteristics and geographical distribution:
The body is 20-40 cm long and cylindrical in shape. The radiation symmetry is not obvious, because it lies on the seabed in a natural position. The dorsal bulge has 4-6 rows of irregularly arranged conical flesh spines (called wart feet) of varying sizes and ventral surfaces, densely squeezed tubes and feet, arranged in an irregular 3-row longitudinal band for adsorbing reefs or creeping crawls.
The mouth is located at the anterior, ventral, with 20 frieze tentacles; the anus is biased to the back. The skin is sticky and smooth, muscular, and the body can be extended or curled. The size, color and number of flesh thorns often vary with the living environment, and the body color is yellow-brown, black-brown, green-brown, pure white or gray-white, mostly black-brown.
Imitation ginseng is distributed in Japan, North Korea and China's Shandong, Hebei and Liaoning coastal areas, mainly produced in Dalian, Yantai, Changshan Island, etc., the fishing period is divided into spring and autumn.
(2) Edible quality: The body wall is thick and soft, and it is the best quality of edible sea cucumbers in the northern coast.
2. Plum ginseng
Scientific name: Thelenotaananas
Chinese name: plum ginseng, pineapple ginseng
The body length is generally 60-75 cm, the maximum can reach 1.2 meters, the width is about 10 cm, and the height is about 8 cm, which is the largest of the sea cucumbers. The back flesh spines are very large, and the bases of every 3-11 flesh thorns are connected in the shape of plum blossoms, so it is called "plum ginseng".
The ventral surface is flat and covered with many small, densely squeezed tube feet. The mouth is slightly off the ventral surface, and there are 20 tentacles around it. Bone slices within the skin are simple, one is a tiny, overlapping and dense granule; the other is a slender and branched 2-3 times, irregular X-shaped body. The body color is bright when living, orange-yellow or orange-red on the back, scattered with yellow and brown spots; the ventral surface is red; the tentacles are yellow.
It inhabits coral sand bottoms at a depth of 3-10 meters; it is distributed in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, and China is mainly produced in the Paracel Islands in the South China Sea.
(2) Edible quality: Large and thick flesh, good quality, is the best kind of sea cucumber in the South China Sea.
3. Green ginseng
Scientific name: Stichopuschloronotus
Chinese name: Green Ginseng, Square Pillar Ginseng, Square Thorn Ginseng
The body is a square cylindrical body, about 30 cm long and up to 90 cm long. The dorsal wart feet are arranged in two rows along the edges and corners of the sides of the body, and the wart feet are cone-fleshy spines. There are many tube feet on the ventral surface, arranged in 3 longitudinal bands, with the middle one being wider. 20 mouth tentacles.
The bone pieces in the body wall are mainly table-shaped, and the appendage bone pieces are C-shaped and patterned. It is a dark green or dark green when living, and the apex of the wart foot is light yellow or reddish brown.
Green ginseng lives in tropical coral reefs, distributed in the indo-western Pacific Ocean, China is mainly produced in the Paracel Islands, Nansha Islands and the southern part of Hainan Island.
(2) Edible quality: It is one of the edible sea cucumbers in the South China Sea, with higher yield and better quality, but it is too soft and tender.
4. Flower ginseng
Scientific name: Stichopusvariegatus
Chinese name: Flower ginseng, yellow ginseng, square ginseng, white ginseng
The body is nearly cylindrical, slightly cylindrical, about 30-40 cm long, and the largest can reach 95 cm. The dorsal area is covered with many conical wart feet (flesh spines) of varying sizes, arranged irregularly; the fleshy spines along the two steps along the back and on both sides of the ventral surface are large and prominent, and the other fleshy spines are smaller.
The ventral tube feet are arranged in 3 longitudinal bands, with the middle one being wider. 20 mouth tentacles. The body color varies greatly during life, mostly olive green gray, with green, yellow, red and black spots or markings. The bone pieces in the body wall are mainly table-shaped, and the appendage bone pieces are C-shaped and patterned.
Ginseng lives in the tropical coral reef or under the rocks, the large individuals are mostly in the deeper seawater, distributed in the indo-western Pacific region, in China mainly produced in the Beibu Bay, Xisha Islands, Nansha Islands, Hainan Island and Leizhou Peninsula and other coastal shallow seas.
(2) Edible quality: It is a very common edible sea cucumber in the South China Sea, and its flesh is soft and tender, which is better than green ginseng.
5. Pattern white ginseng
Scientific name: Bohadschiamarmorata
Chinese names: white ginseng, white ginseng, white melon ginseng, white milk ginseng
It is the most common type of white ginseng. The body is fat, the front and back ends are almost the same width, nearly short cylindrical, resembling winter melon, the body length is about 30 cm, the width is about 8 cm. The mouth is small, partial to the ventral surface, surrounded by 20 small tentacles, and the anus is biased to the back, the opening is dark brown, and there are 5 groups of radial arrangements of small warts around it.
There are many small tubular feet scattered throughout the body, and the arrangement is irregular. The bone pieces in the dorsal skin are different in complex and simple patterns, and the bone pieces in the ventral skin are oval granules and patterns. The body color changes greatly during life, the base is white or light yellow; the back is slightly yellowish brown, and there is an auburn transverse spot before and after, so it is called "two-spotted ginseng"; the ventral surface is yellow and white.
It lives on the sand bottom of coral reefs and is distributed in China in Xisha, Nansha and Hainan Dazhou Island, and is also distributed in the waters of Japan and the Philippines.
(2) Edible quality: It is a large edible sea cucumber, with thick and tender meat and good quality.
6, Hemoku Shiransan
Scientific name: Bohadschiaargus
Chinese names: Snake-eyed white ginseng, snake-eyed brachycephalus, tiger fish
The body is obese, nearly short cylindrical, and the body length is about 30-50 cm. The mouth is small, partial to the ventral surface, and there are 20 small tentacles around it. The body color varies, the back is dark gray with yellow, there are many snake-like markings, arranged in irregular vertical rows, the surrounding color of each stripe is lighter, there is a black circle inside, the circle is yellow, there is a black dot in the center, and a small wart protrudes from the point.
The ventral surface is flat , pale grey-brown , and densely grown with many small tubular feet , arranged irregularly. The bone pieces in the dorsal skin are different in complex and simple patterns, and the bone pieces in the ventral skin are oval granules and patterns.
It lives in tropical coral reefs with a small number of seagrass sand bottoms, water depths of 6-18 meters, in China, distributed in the Xisha and Nansha Islands and other seas.
7. Spoke ginseng
<h3 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > scientific name: Actinopygalecanora</h3>
Chinese name: spoke ginseng, stone ginseng, cucumber ginseng, sub-amber ginseng
It is oval in shape and about 25 cm long. The dorsal surface is raised and smooth, with sparse tube feet; the ventral surface is flat, and the tube feet are arranged in three longitudinal bands. The mouth is partial to the ventral surface, 20 tentacles, the anus is biased to the back, surrounded by 5 small lime teeth, the back of life is yellow-brown, and there are many gray-white irregular transverse spots. Gray around and near the anus is an important feature. Radiata ginseng is distributed in China in the Paracel Islands and Nansha Islands.
(2) Edible quality: good quality.
8. White-background spoke ginseng
Scientific name: Actinopygamauritiana
Chinese names: white-on-white-soled spoke ginseng, white-soled boot ginseng, red melon ginseng
The body is nearly cylindrical and about 30 cm long when it lives. The back is raised and many small wart feet and tube feet are scattered; the ventral surface is flat, resembling the sole of the foot, and many tube feet are densely grown, and the tube feet are often arranged in 3 longitudinal bands.
The mouth is large, partial to the ventral surface, with 25-27 tentacles, arranged in irregular inner and outer circles. There are 5 small calcareous teeth around the anus. The bone pieces in the dorsal skin are rod-like and patterned, and the bone pieces in the ventral skin are oval granules and patterns. The back of the life is olive bluish brown, and the base of the wart foot is surrounded by a white ring. The dried products are dark brown on the back and grayish white on the ventral surface.
It lives in tropical coral reefs, distributed in the western Indo-Pacific region and southern Japan, and is distributed in the Xisha Islands, Nansha Islands and southern Hainan Islands in the South China Sea.
(2) Edible quality: It is a large edible sea cucumber with good quality.
9. Black sea cucumber
Scientific name: Holothuriaatra
Chinese name: black sea cucumber, black dog ginseng, black ginseng
The body length is generally 20 cm. It is all dark black or slightly brown, except for the ends of the tubes and feet with white. The mouth is partial to the ventral surface, with 20 tentacles. endpoint. The wart feet on the back of the body are small and irregular. There are many ventral tube feet and the arrangement is irregular.
Sand is often sticky to the surface of the body. The bone pieces in the skin are table-shaped and patterned. The table-shaped bone plate chassis is small and underdeveloped, the circumference is circular, and there are 12 small teeth at the top of the tower, arranged in 4 groups, each group of 3, of which 1 is erect and 2 are horizontally separated.
It lives on the sandy bottoms of tropical coral reefs, often in groups, and large individuals often inhabit the seafloor of 4-6 meters or deeper. China's Paracel Islands, Nansha Islands and the southern part of Hainan Island produce a lot.
(2) Edible quality: It is a very common edible sea cucumber, but the quality is not good.
10. Jade foot sea cucumber
Scientific name: Holothuria Leucospilota
Chinese name: jade foot sea cucumber, tanglean ginseng, red ginseng, black worm ginseng
It is of the same genus as black milk ginseng and is similar in appearance to black milk ginseng. The body is cylindrical in shape and is often larger at the posterior part. The length is generally 20 cm. A few milky protrusions and tube feet appear on the dorsal surface; ventral surface tube feet are more numerous and irregularly arranged, but the tube feet of young individuals are often arranged in 3 longitudinal bands. The mouth is partial to the ventral surface, with 20 tentacles.
The bone pieces in the skin are table-shaped bodies and buckle-shaped bodies; there are 8-11 small teeth at the top of the table-shaped bone fragments tower, arranged in a ring, with a large round hole in the center; the button-shaped body has three pairs of perforations. When living, the back is dark brown, and the ventral surface is paler. Elderly individuals are often darker in color, and younger individuals are often purple-brown.
Mostly live in intertidal coral reefs or in puddles with many rock piles, and there is a phenomenon of "hibernation". Cuvierian is very developed, and it is easy to discharge when the environment is uncomfortable. It is produced in China in the coastal areas of Xisha Islands, Hainan Island, Guangdong to Dongshan, Fujian.
(2) Edible quality: One of the most common edible sea cucumbers in the South China Sea, the meat is thin and the quality is inferior.
11. Black milk ginseng
Scientific name: Holothurianobilis
Chinese names: black milk ginseng, open black ginseng, large black ginseng, breast fish
The body is wide and thick, blunt and rounded at both ends, and generally 30 cm long. There are several large, milky protrusions on each side of the body. There are many small warts scattered on the back. The ventral surface is flat, the tubes and feet are dense, and the arrangement is irregular. The mouth is partial to the ventral surface, with 20 tentacles. The anus is on the dorsal side with only 5 calcareous teeth around it.
The body wall is thick, and there are more bone pieces in the skin, and the bone pieces are divided into two layers: the shallow layer is mainly a table-shaped body, and the deep layer is mainly a button-shaped body. The table-shaped skeleton disc is square, with smooth edges, a large hole in the center, and a row of small holes around it; the tower is short and blunt, with most small teeth at the top.
The claudicles are complex and form hollow spindle-shaped perforated bodies. When living, it is all black and brown, often with white spots. Dried meat is bluish brown or cyan and translucent.
There are a few sandy bottoms of seagrass living in tropical coral reefs, distributed in the indo-western Pacific region, produced in China in the western Xisha Islands and the southern part of Hainan Island.
(2) Edible quality: It is a large-scale edible sea cucumber with excellent quality, with a thick body wall but more bone pieces.
12. Rough sea cucumber
Scientific name: Holothurimscabras
Chinese name: rough sea cucumber, ming jade ginseng, white ginseng
The individual is large, with a body length of 30-40 cm, a body width of about 10 cm, and the longest can reach 70 cm. The body is nearly cylindrical. There are many bone pieces on the surface of the body, so the touch is rough. The whole has wart feet, is arranged irregularly, and the tubular feet on the ventral surface are fine wart-shaped and sparsely distributed on the ventral surface.
The mouth is small, partial to the ventral surface, with 20 small tentacles around the mouth. There is a distinct longitudinal groove along the center of the abdomen. The end is located surrounded by 5 radial rows of small warts. Bone pieces have table-shaped bodies and buckle-shaped bodies, table-shaped bodies have most small teeth at the top of the bone-piece tower, and the button-like body bone pieces have tumors, with three pairs of perforations.
It is found in the Indo-Western Pacific ocean and lives on coastal sandy bottoms. China is mainly produced in Xisha, Nansha and Hainan Island.
(2) Edible quality: the yield is higher, the body wall is thicker, but there are more bone pieces and the surface is rough, which is an important edible sea cucumber common in the South China Sea.
13. Square pillar five-pointed melon ginseng
<h3 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > scientific name: Pentactaquadrangularis</h3>
The body is square and cylindrical, about 10 cm long. A row of wart feet along each of the four edges of the body. The ventral surface is flat, and the tubes and feet are arranged in 3 longitudinal bands. The anus is on the dorsal side with 5 small teeth around it. It is pink when living. Living in the intertidal zone. In China, it is mainly produced in Fujian, Guangdong coast, Taiwan Strait, Hainan and Nansha Islands.
(2) Edible quality: the body wall is hard, and the edible quality is poor.
14. Haitian melon
Scientific name: Acaudina Moldaoides
Chinese names: haitian melon, southern ginseng, sea eggplant
The shape and color are very similar to sweet potatoes, so this sea cucumber is called "haitian melon". The body is spindle-shaped and generally 4–12 cm long. The ends are slightly pointed, the front end is blunt, there are 15 tentacles around the mouth, and the rear end has a distinct tail. The surface of the body is smooth, without granular tubular feet or fleshy spines.
The body is flesh-red with a thin, translucent wall, brownish-black back and light brown belly after drying. Cave dwelling in the shallow sea sediment, China's coastal and Japan, the Philippines, Indonesia and other places of shallow sea are distributed.
(2) Edible quality: the body wall is very thin, the quality is poor, but the price is lower.
Fifteen, a brother abalone sea cucumber series
A brother abalone sea cucumber series
Select sea cucumbers that have been fished in the deep pacific ocean for more than 3 years
After more than 30 days of ancient natural drying by famous teachers, it is made by adhering to the method of the world's imperial chef Yang Guanyi's secret sea cucumber, one dip, two baking, three days and three nights of rising hair and simmering.