We then proceed to the timeline of quotient martingale transformation.
In 359 BC, Shang Martin implemented the first change of law in the Qin state. Three years later, in 356 BC, King Qi Wei succeeded to the throne. Regarding the reign of King Qi Wei, there is a great controversy in the field of historiography. According to the Historical Records and the Zizhi Tongjian, King Qiwei succeeded to the throne in 379 BC, but historians generally believe that this time is wrong, and mostly use 356 BC as the official succession time of King Qiwei.
In 350 BC, Shang Martin began to carry out the second transformation of the law in the Qin State, here we will not press the table, but only talk about the situation in the Central Plains during the ten years of the first change of the law of the Shang Martingale.
At this time, the protagonists of the Central Plains War were Wei, Zhao, and Qi. In 354 BC, Wei and Qi each led the alliance army to launch a major war in the Central Plains, and the famous Battle of Guiling broke out in history. What was the cause of the Battle of Guiling, how it went through, and what impact it had on the countries of the Central Plains, we will talk about it slowly.
As we said earlier, in the early years of the Warring States, during the reign of Marquis Wen of Wei, the State of Wei took the lead in rising and became the first hegemon of the Warring States. By the time of the second monarch of the State of Wei, Marquis Wu of Wei, the power of the State of Wei remained undiminished, and it was always on the offensive among the princes. At this time, the emergence of a small country touched the nerves of the major powers at that time, and also directly had a profound impact on the situation in the Central Plains in the future, this small country was the protagonist of our previous article on the Martingale Transformation Law, the mother country of the Shang Martingale - Weiguo.
Weiguo, located in the northeast of zhengguo, southwest of Qiguo, southeast of Zhaoguo, is the hub of Han, Zhao, Wei, Qi and other major powers, and its geographical location is very important. After the rise of the State of Wei, according to the custom of who is strong and who is the boss, the State of Wei naturally became an ally of the first to dominate the State of Wei, and it was also a vassal state. However, Weiguo is located in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, with fertile land, convenient transportation, and weak national strength, which dooms the country that fights the idea of defending the country will not be only Wei Guo's family, and Zhao Guo participated at this time.
In order to compete for the defense of the country, the State of Zhao repeatedly went to war with the State of Wei. In 379 BC, the State of Zhao sent troops to attack the Wei State, but without success.
In 372 BC, a year before the death of Marquis Wu of Wei, the State of Zhao attacked Wei and captured seventy-three cities on the outskirts of the Capital of Wei. Therefore, the State of Wei intervened and defeated the Zhao army at the place of Northern Lin, but did not completely change the situation of the Wei State.
In 370 BC, the State of Wei again fought against the State of Zhao in Huaidi and defeated the Zhao army.
In 369 BC, wei civil unrest, Zhao and Han erjia took the opportunity to besiege the capital of Wei, and then due to disagreement and called off the army, we have a more detailed account in advance.
After Han and Zhao rebelled, King Hui of Wei, that is, King Hui of Liang, succeeded him as the monarch of the state of Wei.
After a few years of suspension, King Hui of Liang defeated the combined forces of Zhao and Han in 362 BC, and in the same year, the State of Qin took advantage of the great war between Wei and Han and Zhao to attack the State of Wei, and the State of Wei was greatly defeated, and His Uncle Huan was captured, as we mentioned earlier.
A year later, his uncle died of acne, and Shang Martin entered Qin.
In 357 BC, two years after the Shang Martingale Transformation, the two kingdoms of Wei and Han met in Yandi.
In order to oppose the powerful State of Wei, the following year, in 356 BC, the State of Zhao allied itself with the State of Yan in the north. In the same year, the three families of the Zhao, Qi, and Song dynasties formed an alliance in Pinglu and formed a Three-Kingdom Alliance.
Two years later, in 354 BC, Qin defeated the State of Wei in Yuanli, beheaded 7,000 people, and captured Shaoliang. Seeing that the State of Wei was beaten, the State of Zhao took the opportunity to attack the allies of the State of Wei, which was also a vassal state of Wei, which led to the Battle of Guiling.
Although the State of Wei could not defeat the State of Qin, it still had spare strength to deal with the State of Zhao at that time. Therefore, the State of Wei once again sent troops to interfere with the Zhao State's guards, and in one fell swoop besieged the capital of the Zhao State, Handan City. At this time, the State of Zhao had already captured the Wei State, but due to its limited strength, it asked for help from the State of Qi to the east and the State of Chu to the south.
In 353 BC, King Wei of Qi sent troops to rescue the State of Zhao. At Duan Ganpeng's suggestion, he divided his forces into two routes, one with the ally Song Guo and the Wei State who had been subdued by the Zhao State to besiege the Wei state xiangling, and the other led by Tian Ji and Sun Zhen to the north to rescue Handan.
At this time, the main force of the State of Wei had already broken through Handan and was preparing to march east to attack the surrendered State of Wei. At this time, Tian Ji and Sun Zhen's 80,000 Qi army had also arrived at the Border of Qi and Wei. Tian Ji wanted to directly attack the main force of the State of Wei, but was stopped by Sun Zhen. Sun Zhen believed that at this time, the main force of the State of Wei was consumed outside, and the capital of the State of Wei, Daliang, must be empty, so it was better to drive a large army to attack Daliang, force the State of Wei to withdraw its troops, and abandon the plan to attack the State of Wei.
The above deployment is the famous siege of Wei to save Zhao in history. However, Sun Bing's wisdom and core strategy of encircling Wei and saving Zhao had not yet been revealed.
Sun Bing's purpose was to fundamentally thwart the strategic intentions of the State of Wei, not just to withdraw the troops of the State of Wei. To this end, Sun Zhi suggested that Tian Ji go south to attack pingling in the State of Wei, which is today Dingtao, Shandong. Pingling was an important town of the State of Wei, and the terrain was dangerous, and with the state of Wei heavily guarded, the Qi army's attack would only fail, not succeed. The cleverness of Sun Bing's strategy was to confuse the Wei general Pang Juan, making the Wei army think that the high-level commanders of the Qi army were all mediocre.
Sure enough, Tian Ji's army arrived at Pingling and ordered the Qi stronghold near Pingling to attack Pingling. Since there was no rehearsal of the script in advance, the Qi army not only suffered a big defeat, but also lost very really, so the Wei army was contemptuous of the senior command level of the Qi army.
Subsequently, Sun Bin asked Tian Ji to send a small group of lightly armored troops to attack the Wei state liang with great fanfare, attracting the Wei army to block this Qi army, and the Qi army was once again defeated. This battle made the individual combat effectiveness of the Wei army against the qi army slight.
After successfully directing two battles, Sun Bin had achieved his strategic intention to confuse Pang Juan. Pang Juanzhong calculated that the generals of the Qi army were useless and the soldiers were vulnerable, so he abandoned heavy equipment and light armor, and followed the route of the main force of the Qi army to march to Daliang, seeking fighters to annihilate them in one fell swoop.
At this time, Sun Zhen personally led the main force of the Qi army to ambush Guiling, ambushed the Long-distance Wei army, and captured Pang Juan himself.
After capturing Pang Juan, the Wei army suddenly became a headless beast, and the offensive was sharply reduced. However, as mentioned earlier, the Wei army abandoned heavy equipment and light troops to advance, so the main force of the Wei army was left behind and did not completely annihilate in the Guiling area. Handan remained in Wei hands, and Da Liang was not substantially threatened.
In 351 BC, two years after the Battle of Guiling, the State of Qin took advantage of the great defeat of the State of Wei at the hands of the State of Qi and ordered Shang Martin to attack Guyang, Hexi, the State of Wei, and Shang Martin succeeded. Guyang's mistake made the State of Wei very alarmed, and King Hui of Wei immediately built fortifications east of Guyang to strictly prevent the Qin army from advancing further east, and then used Handan as a bargaining chip to force the State of Zhao to make peace with himself, and the State of Wei returned Handan to the State of Zhao, and the State of Zhao released Pang Juan. Subsequently, King Hui mobilized the troops of his allies Korea and defeated the combined forces of Qi, Song and Wei who besieged The Wei state of Xiangling in one fell swoop, fully demonstrating the strength of the State of Wei as the first power in the Central Plains at that time.
However, the balance of history has been tilted, and wei, as a great power in the Central Plains, has been attacked on all sides and lacks the impetus for change, and its decline is inevitable. It was also this year that South Korea's appointment of Shin Bu Harm began to change the law. A year later, Shang Martin began his second reform movement in the Qin kingdom. Next time, we'll talk.