Lu Xun's History of Man: Vernacular Translation and Original Text

Lu Xun: The History of Man

Vernacular translation of Lu Xun's History of Man:

The theory of evolution, which began to appear in the Greek wise man Deli, was basically determined by Darwin. German Hegel, like Huxley, was an acura of modern Darwinism, and he did not limit himself to old ideas and made many changes. To make a biological evolutionary line map, trace the traces of the evolution of animals and plants, understand the reasons for their spread, if there is something unclear, use fossils to supplement, classification, is really a magnificent genre, up to single-celled organisms, close to humans, all of which converge into a unified system, and are very clear. Even if later scholars have studied it more far, the nineteenth-century scholars who studied the theory of evolution have achieved more than these people. In China recently, talking about evolution has become almost the norm, and people like the new are high in their words with this decoration, while the conservative people are dissatisfied with equating humans with macaques, so they do their best to stop it. The German philosopher Paulson also said that it is a shame for our Germany that so many people read Hegel's book. Germany is a place where scholarship gathers, and Paulson is also a student of philosophy, and he has made such a speech, and it is not surprising that China's remnants are anxious to jump when they hear new doctrines. Even so, the theory of human evolution, indeed, does not blaspheme the primate doctrine, from low to high, human beings continue to evolve without stopping, which shows that human talents are far superior to other living things, so where does it originate from and what shame? Hegel has written many books and clear arguments, and at the same time supports ethnogenesis and individual genesis, from the origin of human beings to the trajectory of dissemination and distribution, eliminating the doubts of the public, making the mysteries of nature clear and clear, and the peak of modern biology. I propagate his doctrine now, starting with the controversy over evolution and ending with those who in modern times are panicking about Hegel's doctrine.

Scholars who study ethnogenesis believe that anthrogenesis and human systematics, whose purpose is to sort out where animal races originate, is the latest research topic in the branch of biology in the past four decades. Because the ancient philosophers regarded human beings as the chief of all spirits and surpassed other creatures, even if some people doubted the origin of living things, they would be confined to mythological stories and explained by the theory of ghosts and gods. Just like the ancient Chinese saying that Pangu opened up the world, after the death of Nuwa, the body became heaven and earth, that is to say, human beings have already appeared when heaven and earth have not yet appeared, but day and night are not divided, how can human beings stand? Qu Yuan said that the Giant Spirit Ao was bouncing and jumping, how did this settle down? It's really doubtful about the credibility of this claim. Western countries talk about creation, the earliest is Moses, and its "Genesis" begins by saying that God created the world in seven days, kneaded the soil into a man, and took its ribs to make a woman. At that time in the thirteenth century, this kind of thinking prevailed in Europe, science faded its glory, superstition prevailed, and the Roman emperor tried his best to block the mouths of scholars, so that the people lost their minds, and Hegel said that this was a great deception of world history. Soon new religions emerged, and the superstition of Jingjiao (a branch of Christianity) gradually broke. Copernicus proposed the heliocentric theory, which shook the geocentric theory, and at that time people who examined the origin of mankind gradually appeared, such as Visery, Ostegi, etc., who used anatomical surgery to make knowledge see again. Animal system theory, on the other hand, waited until the emergence of Linna to be carried forward.

Linna was a highly respected person in Sweden, and he was dissatisfied with the fact that scholars from various countries at that time named various species in different languages, believing that they were complicated and unorganized, so he wrote the "Theory of Celestial Systems", naming all animals and plants in Latin, creating a two-name method, giving each species a genus name and a species name. For example, the three species of cat tiger lion are roughly the same, named after the cat genus; and the three species are different, so the cat is Felis domestica, the tiger is Felis tigris, and the lion is Felis leo. All similar centralized classifications are called cats; the family is further up the order, order, phylum, and boundary. Boundaries are the criteria for dividing plants and animals. Linna's book details the characteristics of species, which makes people understand at a glance. It's just that there are many species in the world, and it is impossible to be recorded, so every time a new species is discovered, it is necessary to give a new name, so those who want to gain fame by discovering new species have competed to collect, found many new species, and linna's reputation has also increased greatly, and the issue of species is declared, and how species are distinguished is also of great concern to scholars. Even so, Lena still follows Moses' doctrine of creation, and genesis says that living things today were created at the beginning of the opening of the world, so the Celestial System theory also says that species escaped from the flood of Noah's time, and the species of animals and plants have absolutely not increased or decreased, which is different from creationism. However, Linna only considered the current species, and there were also creatures living on the earth in ancient times, and now that he was extinct, he did not care, and the study of the origin of all species was not perfect. Contemporaneous natural shelves also adhere to the old doctrine, there is no play, even if there are occasional doubts, thinking that the types of living things have gone through thousands of years, it is impossible not to change, but the world listened to it is very resistant, so this view has not been popular. It was not until the beginning of the nineteenth century that there began to be a person who understood the facts of biological evolution and made explanations, and this person was Lan Mak, but Kou Wei was still before him.

Kou Wei, a Frenchman, diligent and knowledgeable, has made great achievements in academic research, especially devoted to the study of animal comparative anatomy and fossils, and wrote the book "Fossil Bone Theory", he is the founding father of today's paleontology. Fossils, the remains of ancient creatures wandering in stone, have experienced countless climate changes so far, their shape can also be recognized, can be used to understand the ancient period of the world's animal and plant state and ancient and modern creatures of the difference, is really the creation of history, condensed in the human world 's merits (these two sentences feel wrong, but do not know how to translate). Think of the philosophers of ancient Greece, it seems that they did not study this, but after excavation, they have made the far-fetched theory popular, some say that the formation of fossils is only the creation of some, some say that the essence of heaven and earth, to the human body will become a fetus, lost in the stone and become a stone clam stone snail. It wasn't until Lan Mak examined the fossils of shellfish and the fossils of fish and beasts that Kou Wei examined them that people knew that the fossils were the remains of paleontology, and that the paleontology in them no longer existed, so it was wrong to say that there was no increase or decrease in the species created from Linna. However, Kou Wei, a person, still follows the view that the species species are unchanged, and the previous one has just been overturned, and has created a "change theory" to explain. He said that all living species were created by God at the time of the founding of the earth. But animals and plants are created, not done at once, before each creation, there must be great changes, rivers become continents, the sea becomes hook-ups, and then old species die, new species grow, so today's fossils are created by God, but the time of creation is different, so the shape is different, there is no species connection. There are fish and shell fossils on the top of the mountain, which is enough to prove that it was previously a sea, and most of the fossils were struggling to survive, which shows the drastic change. Since the opening of the heavens and the earth, the temperature of the earth's surface has changed by at least fifteen or sixteen degrees, and every change will lead to the demise of old species and become fossils for future generations. His doctrine was conjectural, there was little evidence to prove it, he was very famous at the time, the admirers were so numerous, only St. Chelli and his arguments at the Collegiate of the École des Lettres in Paris, when Kou Wei was knowledgeable and very strong, and St. Chelli's theory of animal evolution was not sufficiently evidenced. Thus in the debate of 30 July 1830, Saint-Chili failed. Kou Wei's doctrine of change prevailed at that time.

But even so, the theory of invariance can satisfy scholars for a long time, and in the late eighteenth century, many people already wanted to use natural phenomena to explain this doubt, so starting from Qu Ti, the "deformation theory" was established. Qu Ti was a great German poet and a philosopher, so although his theories were based only on imagination and not all from facts, he was knowledgeable and imaginative, and he believed that there was a connection between living things, and their origins were the same. In 1790, he wrote "Plant Morphology", saying that all plants, initially the same look, its branches, are also sprouted from the most primitive organs, this organ is the leaf; and then compare the bones, the deep attainment knows that the bones of animals are the same, even if they are human, there is no difference with other animals, as for the appearance is different, it is only a morphological change. There are two reasons for the change of form, which is called the centrifugal force on the inside, the centrifugal force on the outside, the same as the centrifugal force, and the centrifugal force that tends to be different. Normalization is like what we call heredity now, and differentiation is adaptation to the environment. Therefore, Qu Ti's research is the reason for deducing changes from natural philosophy to the depth of biological structure, even if he is the pioneer of The Darwin generation of Lanmak. Unfortunately, his theory of evolution, similar to that of philosophers such as Kant Waka, could not shake the basis of the theory of racial invariance as much as he could. But starting with Ranmak, things have changed.

Ranmak was a great Scientist of France, and in 1802 he wrote "The Theory of Life" that race is not constant, but also changes in form. His most energy-consuming work was The Philosophy of Animals, which argued that the species of living things were all artificially assigned differences. He said that there is no difference between what lives on earth, whether it exists or not, that all living things are one origin, so the origin of uncategorized species is also the origin of classified species, and the theory I use to explain uncategorized species can also be used to discourage the evolution of classified species. Therefore, the so-called life of the world is only a mechanical phenomenon. Animals and plants, like humans, can be explained by the laws of nature, and so are species, which are by no means created by God, as the Holy Book says. Besides, Kou Wei's doctrine has also changed the author more than a dozen times, right? All existing creatures have continued from ancient times to the present, starting from very simple organless structures, and gradually evolving into advanced creatures such as today with the changes in the earth's environment. There are two reasons why lower organisms evolve into higher organisms: First, if an animal often uses an organ when it is young, the organ will become more and more developed, and the more useful the organ will be. The size of the new ability depends on the frequency and duration of its use. Simply put, just like a person breaking his wrist, the porter's calf is no different from ordinary people at first, the more it is used, the stronger it is, if it is not used in turn, it will degenerate and useless, and then for example, the cecum, the bird is used to digest food, it is useless to people, it is atrophied, animals often move their ears with ear tendons, people do not use, ear tendons have no traces on people, this is adaptation. Second, in the life of an animal, the characteristics acquired or lost by the outside world must rely on reproduction to pass on to the offspring. The size and strength of the organs are like this, and the parents have equal characteristics, which is called heredity at this time. The theory of adaptation is still regarded as a guideline by scholars today, and the theory of heredity is constantly debated, there is no compromise, according to them, the method of evolution is mechanical action, so that animals become higher. Try to turn to the book "Animal Philosophy", it is very dangerous to look at it simply as a monism, and it is evolution that illuminates the entire biological system. The formation of the theory of evolution began with the breaking of God's creation, and Ramak was like Saint Chi Liran, refuting Kou Wei and not being known to the world. At that time, biological research was just beginning to flourish, comparative anatomy and physiology were beginning to flourish, and cell theory was beginning to emerge, one step closer to ontogenesis, so that the interest of the biological community was all gathered in this place, and those who intended to explore the causes of speciation were despised. Ordinary people, on the other hand, are firmly committed to the old doctrine and are not moved to see the new doctrine, so even if Lan Mak put forward his own theory, not many people approve of it. Kou Wei's "Annual Report of Zoology" is not recorded, which shows that his theory is not agreed. When Darwin and Wallace's "natural selection" appeared in 1858, and the following year Darwin wrote "The Origin of Species", the whole world was shaken, it was really the light of the biological world, and it swept away all the doubts of all people with one doctrine.

Darwin's method of studying biology, unlike Lan mak, mainly used inductive reasoning, the collection of knowledge, he sailed around the world on the cruise ship "Becker" at the age of 22. After observing a large number of organisms, the origin of species was realized, and then slowly collected the facts, integrated, on the basis of biological evolution theory, understood that the reason for species change lies in elimination, and the principle of elimination lies in the competitive living environment, so the "elimination theory" was established, also known as "Darwinism", which is really unprecedented. The gist of the "Darwinian" doctrine is, first of all, human intervention, assuming that someone sets a standard, selects animals with similar standards to breed seedlings, and then the seedlings continue to breed, and over time, good varieties that meet this standard can survive to this day. Ancient shepherd gardeners all knew this method, Huxley said that Amerika had a kind of leg of lamb long, jumped out of the sheep pen when frightened, then the short leg was left, the other was gradually eliminated, the generations multiplied, and finally only the short-legged sheep were left, and the long-legged sheep were extinct, which is an example of human intervention in the development of species. This is artificial screening of animals and plants, nature will also screen, and human selection is not much different, the difference is that human selection is according to human wishes, and natural selection is because organisms compete for living space, unconsciously completed the screening. The increase of all living things follows the geometric progression, assuming that an animal comes here by chance, can give birth to 4 cubs in a lifetime, 4 cubs and breed, there are 8 grandchildren, breeding 5 generations is 64 heirs, 10 generations is 1028, so the increase, reproduction is quite fast. However, there are often natural enemies that eat the weak in the population, hindering the growth of larvae, and then the natural enemies are becoming more and more prosperous, the species is increasingly depleted, the time is long, the survival of the fittest, and the law of natural screening runs in it, so that the balance between species tends to be balanced. Darwin quoted a great deal of factual arguments when he said this. Therefore, the history of evolution, first of all, de Li, then the theory of divine creation, to Theramag, to go further, to Reachrvin is a great success, until Hegel summarizes the theoretical results of his predecessors and establishes the theory of ethnogenesis, so that the theory of human evolution is finally clear.

Before Hegel, whenever he spoke of origin, he referred to the individual, and when he established the speciology, which was opposed to the ontology, he wrote a volume of The Fundamental Law of Biogenesis, saying that the two theories were very closely related, and that racial evolution was also due to the two laws of heredity and adaptation, and the doctrine that overlapped with it was "metamorphosis". Its theory is that any occurrence of individuals, in fact, is part of the recurrence of racial occurrence, leading to rapid mutation in the short term, is the result of genetic and adaptive action. Hegel used this method to deduce the origin of the individual, understanding that although the number of animals, animals, fishes and insects is uncountable, but the origin of the animals is the same; and then look at the origin of the race, all living things, initially simple biological structures, from evolution to become complex, until adulthood. So the egg cells of human women, like the eggs of other vertebrates, are simple cells, and the sperm of men is the same. The two sexes meet to form root stem cells, which are the beginning of man. If you look at the animal kingdom, Amiba, simple in structure, only has the instinct to feed itself, and then divides, and the geometric progression grows into a group of cells, such as Bandarina, mulberry-shaped, hollow and inverted, developing into the protointestinal tract, and now the animal Hitra in freshwater ditches is also the same. Further, the atrial blood vessels are born in four pairs, curved to the left and right, like fish gills, and the fetus is born in the stage of heart birth, just like the fish in the animal kingdom; and then grow, there is no difference with higher animals other than humans, and when the brain marrow is grown, the ears, eyes, and feet are grown, and then compared with the fetus of other vertebrates, there is still no difference. This kind of research is observable, and the developmental changes of the embryo can be observed every day. Only the origin of the race is not like this, tens of millions of years ago, tracing the traces of its evolution, can not be directly observed, and encountered bottlenecks in the most subtle classification, can only be studied indirect reasoning and critical reflection of the two methods, can only wait for a large number of scientific research materials to be compared. So Hegel says that the study of racial origins is very difficult, and it is definitely not comparable to the origin of individuals

In the past, when it comes to the history of man, there are Darwin's "Theory of The Original Man" and Huxley's "Theory of The Position of the Human Being in the Middle". Hegel wrote "Anthrogenesis", then with paleontological onomatogenesis and morphology to prove the human system, learned that animal evolution, the same as the development of human fetuses, all vertebrate origin is fish, geologically too ancient Irosian, then the Diefeng period frogfish, graphite amphibians, Permian reptiles, and then to the medieval mammals, to the ancient Tertiary Period, only appeared half apes, and then true apes, apes have narrow noses, this family gives birth to canine apes, and then give birth to apes, apes give birth to apes, can not speak, Those who are born to speak are called people, which is proved by the comparison of anatomical individuals and vertebrates. The direction of individual development is also like this, so the emergence of races is the recurrence of individual production. However, this only discusses vertebrates, and if you go back to the invertebrate system, the study is even more difficult. Invertebrates have no bones left, so there are no fossils, according to biological principles, it is known that humans are protozoa, and the root stem cells at the time of fetal pregnancy are comparable, and there are also equivalent animals below. So Hegel sought to identify the traces of evolution, and if there were blind spots, they were supplemented by fossils and virtual creatures, and from single cells to the formation of humans, the figure recorded in the picture is the origin of the race from the gradual development of Munaro to human beings. Its system diagram is as follows.

In the past three decades, there is a lot of strong evidence for the discovery of paleontology, the most famous of which is the Javanese ape-man fossil, from which the human system was constructed. The previous genus of narrow-nosed apes and humans lacked direct evidence, and this fossil theory was more perfect, and its impact was not inferior to that of comparative anatomy and individualgenesis. So in the history of man, in its humblest cases, it is called protozoa, protozoa from Munaro, and Munnar from Porobione (protozoa). To explore the origin of proto-organisms, it is based on Theory of Nagris, whose view is that life begins with nothingness and is the result of the conservation of matter; if the whole world is based on matter, all are formed by cause and effect, and the phenomena between the universes also follow this law, so that they are composed of non-living matter, and eventually become living, and their origin is still non-living. Recently, some scholars in France have been able to use the change of mass force to turn non-living things into plants, and then kill them with poisonous metal to change its conductive heat transfer characteristics. Therefore, the two worlds of life and life are getting closer and closer, and eventually it is difficult to distinguish, and the inanimate matter becomes living and becomes an unchanging truth, and the development of academic research at the end of the nineteenth century is completely surprising. Starting with inanimate matter, it should be discussed in terms of cosmogenesis.

The original text of Lu Xun's "History of Man":

Evolutionary theory, which burned from the Greek wise men Thales to Darwin(Ch. Darwin) and Dading. E. Hegel of Germany Haeckel), T. H. Huxley) However, the acura of the recent Darwin theory, Gu is not satisfied with the old, many more open, as a biological evolutionary system map, far after the rope traces of the plant, clear the reason for its mandogenesis, there are deficiencies in between, then supplement the fossils, distinguish the account, Wei for the great cut, from the single, close to human beings, will become unified, the credit history. Although later generations of scholars, or more ascendant and bottomless, but the late nineteenth century of the evolution of the word, has been more than the Slovaks. In China, the language of evolution is almost a common saying, and those who like the new rely on their words, while those who are sick and sick of humans are macaques, and they are depressed with full strength. The German philosopher Fr. Paul Paulsen) also knows that there are many people who read Hegel's books, and the shame of Wude is also. Fu Dede is an academic conglomerate, Paul Sheng also loves intellectuals, and jus sanguine, then China embraces the remnants of the que generation, and whispers in the ears and rushes away, which is not different. Although, the theory of human evolution is really not a blasphemous primate, inferior and high, day by day, Si Yi sees the ability of human beings, beyond the group movement, the system of how to fang, rather than shameful? Helms wrote at most, The Mind of the Ming Dynasty, and established the Phylogenie ( Phylogenie ) , so that with the Ongenie ( Ongenie ) , far from the origin of human beings, and its traces of Man yan , the group of doubts and ice pans, the great plough, is the peak of recent biology. Now it is the beginning of this theory of creation, which ends in the recent world, and ends with the emperor of the Black Clan.

The anthropologist of human ethnogenesis is the latest in the branch of biology in the past forty years, the study of human genesis and its systematics, the governance of the profession, in the animal race, and what is the cause of the past forty years. The philosophers and disciples of Gaigu are all primates, super-human beings, so they suspect that the official character is the origin, and they also seem to wander the wrong way of mythology, and the interpretation is incredible. For example, in ancient Chinese sayings, if Pangu opened up the land, and nuwa died and the remains were heaven and earth, then the upper and lower levels were invisible, the human beings had appeared, the darkness was dark, and the peace was enough? Qu Lingjun is said to be a mountain, why is it safe, sincerely doubtful and the words are also seen. The Tan of the Creation of the Western Kingdom, Moses is the oldest, and the beginning of his "Genesis", that is, the Emperor Yun used seven days as the heavens and the earth, and turned him into a man, and analyzed his ribs as a woman. In the thirteenth century, the power was greater than that of Europe, the science was hidden, the delusions of faith were rampant, the Roman king, and he did his best to plug the mouth of the scholars, the wisdom of the world, and the Great Deceit of Hegel's world history (Die grossten Gaukler Weltgeschichte), not false words. Religion has been reformed, the superstition of Jingjiao has gradually broken, Copernicus was the first to appear, knowing the earth and moving around the sun, perpetually moving, in this center of the earth, and the people who evaluate human beings are also slightly present, such as Viserelli (A. Vesalius, Eustachi, etc., all of them were shocked by that.

K. Linna von Linné), the Swedish Elder Suye, the ruler of the kingdoms at that time, the rate is named in dialects, complex and irrational, then wrote "The Theory of The System of Celestial Things", all the names of the animals and plants are Laidin, the two names are established, and the genus names and species names are two. If the cat, tiger and lion are the same, it is called felis; and if the three things are different, the cat is called Felis domestica, the tiger is known as Felis tigris, and the lion is called Felis leo. Another set of similarities is called the cat family; the family is the order, the order, the door, and the boundary. The judgment of the realm, the judgment of the plant. And in the books he wrote, he wrote down his own characteristics and made it clear. But there are many things in heaven, and they cannot be quenched, so every time they see a new species, they must be with a new name, so those who want to obtain a new species of Fame and fortune in the world compete for it, and at most they get, and the name of Linna is very prominent, and the question of the species (Arten) and its content realm are also the attention of scholars. Although, Linna here, still follows Moses' creation theory, the Book of Genesis says that the creatures of today were created from the beginning of the opening of the world, so the "Theory of Celestial Matter Systems" also avoided the difficulties of noah's flood, and those left behind in the present are for species, and all species of animals and plants have no increase or loss, in order to create clouds different from God's hand. Gairinna only knows the creatures of the present, but a few years ago, there were creatures that inhabited the earth, and those who have nothing today are not aware, so the study of the original is rare. And the world museum, also firmly conservative said, nothing to play, that is, the occasional enlightened, that is, biological species, over time, not without slight changes, and the world heard that it is rejected, can not be changye. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, it was Shi Cheng who knew the facts of biological evolution and established theories to interpret them, and his person was Known as Lan Mak, and Kou Wei shi preceded him.

G. Kou Wei Cuvier) french, diligent and knowledgeable, academic achievements, especially dedicated, for the study of animal comparative anatomy and fossils, "Fossil Skeleton Theory", for today's paleontology. The fossil cover, the remains of ancient creatures, the traces of the stone, after countless disasters to the present, its shape is clearly recognizable, in the state of the world before the world, in the knowledge of the difference between ancient and modern creatures, the history of the actual creation, the self-employment of the human world. The ancient Greek philosophers seem to be those who do not know this meaning in detail, and the queen is far-fetched, or the formation of fossils, but the game of creation, or the two essences, the middle man is a fetus, lost in the stone, then it is the genus of the stone clam stone snail. The fossils of the Shellfish of Lan Makcha, the fossils of the fish and beasts of Kou Weicha, the fossils of the ancient creatures that have been preserved, and their objects no longer exist today, and the theory that there has been no increase or decrease since the creation of Linna is improper. However, Kou Wei is a human being, and the concept that the biological species is still unchanged is also true, and if the previous saying is broken, do not build a "change theory" to solve it. According to his words, the species of animals that live today were all created by the hands of the Emperor of Heaven when they were opened. Before each opening, there will be great changes, the water will turn into land, the sea grave will be a mountain, so the old species die and the new species grow, so now the fossils are created by The gods, but the time of creation is different, it is different, and there is no genus in between. The top of the mountain, the real fish shells, enough for the signs of the old sea, and the fossils are shaped, and the rate of rejection is miserable, and people can know the drama of its change. Since its inception, the earth's surface has been at least fifteen or sixteen degrees, and with each change, the old species have perished, turned into fossils, and left for posterity. His words were reckless, there was no real sign, and at that time, even the great power, the believers were full of scholars, but Saint E. Geoffroy St. Hilaire) fought against the École école des Bacional de Paris, while Kou Wei Bozhi, according to Leijijian, the evolution of the Animals of Saint-Chili, is not sufficient. Thus the discussion of July 30, 1830, saints were defeated. The theory of Kou Wei's change prevailed at the time.

Although, the theory of invariance, therefore, was not enough for the long-term scholar's heart, and in the later eighteenth century, there was already a lot of desire to explain his doubts by nature, so there was a Qu Ti (W. von Goethe) from the beginning, to build the "metamorphosis theory". Qu Ti, the great poet of virtue, is also philosophical, so although his arguments are based on ideals and words, they are not entirely rooted in facts, but their knowledge is both broad and their thinking is abundant, and they know that living beings have a mutual relationship, and their origin is from one origin. In 1790, he wrote "The Theory of Plant Morphology", which means that all kinds of plants are prototypes, that is, their organs, and they also come out of the original official; the original official, Ye Ye. Comparing bones in the second place, the attainment is profound, and the bones of animals are also one, that is, in human beings, there is no difference from the type of other animals, and the difference in external shapes is only a special shape. The cause of deformation has a powerful constituent effect two: on the inside is called the centrifugal force, on the outside is called the centrifugal force, the mental force is therefore the same, and the centrifugal force is different. Return to the inheritance of Judah, and adapt to the present. Gaiquti's study of the deep structure of official character from natural philosophy and the cause of its transformation, although it is said to be the precursor of Lanmak Darwin, it is contemptuous. The unfortunate is that its conception of evolution is different from that of I. Kant. Kant) (L. Kant) Oken) philosophers have the same intention, and they cannot exert their might to shake the basic ears of racial immutable theory. Yes, since The Beginning of Ramack.

Jean de Lamarck, the great scientist of the Law, has spoken of the inevitability of race and the transformation of form in 1802, and the energy is focused, especially in the book "Philosophy of Animals", which states that the emperor first exists in biological species, because of the difference between man. It is said that whoever is on the earth has no birth or birth, there is no difference, and wherever there is space, it is all in one, so the reason for dominating non-official goods is the reason for dominating official goods, and those who are not official in our party are also the way to govern official goods. The so-called birth of the Gestapo is only a mechanical phenomenon. All things that are moved and planted, in the same way as human beings, cannot interpret the laws of nature; but the same is true of seeds, which are by no means the creation of the Emperor of Heaven, as the Holy Book says. What does Kou Weizhi say, is it said that the author has changed it more than ten times? All these lives continue from ancient times, starting from the absence of officials, the structure is simple, and then with the transformation of the earth, it is gradually higher, and now it is also the same. To the lowest of the creatures, the cause of gradually becoming higher, then there are two laws, one is that there are animals, and the chicks are not strong, and if they use one official alone, their officials will become stronger and stronger, and their role will become stronger and stronger. The size of the new ability is strong or weak, depending on the long time of use. For example, such as forging the wrist of a man, the shin of the husband, the beginning of the gufu is different from ordinary people, the day of arrest and inauguration is more, then the strength is also added, so that the opposite is, abolished and not used, then the official is weaker and weaker, and the ability is also lost, such as the cecum, the bird to transform food, and not used for people, then the day withers, the ear tendons, the beast to move the ears, to the human and useless, then leave a trace: it is to adapt. The second is that all animals, in their lifetime, the nature of what they have gained or lost from the outer edges will be given to their descendants according to their reproductive effects. The same is true of the size of the official, but at this time, the nature of his parents must be equal: it is for heredity. The theory of adaptation is still regarded as the standard for japanese scholars, and the theory of heredity is a matter of criticism and there is no compromise, but what he says, the great law of solid evolution, that is, the mechanical action, into the animal to the higher is already. Try to turn to the book "Animal Philosophy", purely from a monist point of view, the system of candle heavenly things, and rely on it, the theory of evolution. Therefore, the theory of evolution began with the destruction of God's creation. Ramack, like St. Chiriran, refutes Kou Wei and is unknown to the world. When Gaidang was, the study of biology was Fang Yin, the comparative anatomy and physiology were also flourishing, and the cell theory was just beginning, closer to the ontogenesis scholar, so it gathered people's hearts in a corner, and scorned those who were interested in the origin of the species. And ordinary people, who are firmly in keeping with the old saying, have new insights and do not move their hearts, so Lan Mak's theory is out, and the responder is silent, that is, Kou Wei's "Annual Report of Zoology" is not a record, then it is said to be isolated and harmonious, and it can be known. Eight hundred and fifty-eight years and Darwin and Wallace (A. R. Wallace's "theory of natural selection" is now, more than a year and Darwin's "Origin of Species" has been formed, shaking the world, covering the light of the biological world, sweeping away the doubts of those who are under one statement.

Darwin's art of life science, different Lan Mak, the main use of internal bread, the collection of knowledge of the greatest achievement, the twenty-second year, that is, by the steamship Biker, the circle of the world, the examination of living things, because of the origin of the understanding of the species, gradually collect facts, integrate, establish the origin of biological evolution, and know the cause of deformation, based on elimination, and the principle of elimination, is in the struggle for survival, the construction of the "elimination theory", also known as "Darwin said" (Selektionstheorie od. Darwinismus), the Unprecedented Ancient also. Take the gist of it, the first is to choose, the first is to choose, the person who has a certain ritual, the one who chooses the animal and the similar to the one who breeds, and the one who has obtained the Seedlings, then the similarity of the breeding of his sons, the years are eternal, and the appropriate ones are passed on. The shepherd of the ancients, known for this technique, Huxley said that Amerika had and a thousand and twenty-eight, as it was increasing, multiplying rapidly. However, when there are strong things, they destroy their weakness, and they grow up depressed, so that the strong seeds grow day by day, and the weak seeds consume day by day; the times are long, and the appropriate ones stay, and the natural choice is to do it, so that the creatures are perfect. Darwin said this, and the fuse he collected was covered to the rich and solid. Therefore, in the history of evolution, when the first Deli followed the ridge of the theory of Divine creation; compared to The Ramack and advanced; Darwin and became great; Hegel came out, the result of the restoration of the General Assembly, the establishment of the official ethnogenesis, so the evolution of mankind, there is no doubt about the impact.

Before Hegel, all clouds occurred, all referred to the individual, and this science was established to make it antithetic to individual genesis, and he wrote a volume of "The Fundamental Law of Biogenesis", in which the two sciences had a most intimate relationship, racial evolution, and also came from heredity and adaptation to the two laws, and especially the emphasis was metamorphosis. Its law is that where individuals occur, it is actually the recurrence of racial occurrence, the special period is short and the event is swift, and the physiological role of heredity and adaptation is also that of the deciding. The Hei clan occurs individually in accordance with this rule of law, knowing that the animals, animals, fishes, and insects, although they are incalculable, but push the original origin, the salty is one; and in order to rule the occurrence of races, to know all living things, the original officials who are born from the simplest, from evolution to change, so that people. The embryonic eggs of human females are also minimalist cells of other vertebrates, and the sperm of men is no different. The two sexes are both rooting stem cells, which are formed, and the existence of the individual begins. If the animal kingdom, for the genus Amitabha, is structured to a minimalist extent, with only the power of automatic and feeding, followed by division, a group of cells according to the geometric progression, such as Pandorina, as a mulberry, hollow in it, gradually inverted, into the prosthesis, and the animal in the freshwater ditch today is Hydra, and so is it. Further, the four atrial vessels are curved to the left and right, like fish gills, and the fetus is suitable for fish in the animal kingdom at this time; the development of the multiple times is no different from that of higher animals other than humans, that is, there are already brain marrow ears, eyes, and feet, and the fetuses of other vertebrates are still unrecognizable. All such studies can witness the changes in the development of embryos on a daily basis. However, the ethnogenesis is unique, and the tracers, which have been traced for tens of millions of years, are evolutions, which cannot be seen, that is, direct observation, and are also confined to the most reclusive, and those who can only indirectly reason and criticize the two techniques of reflection, and take the materials of the experience of various sciences, and compete and study them. Therefore, Hegel knows that this is learning, and it is difficult to cure difficulties, which can never be compared with individual genesis.

In the past, there are Darwin's "Theory of The Original Man" and Huxley's "Theory of the Position of the Human Beings in the Middle". Hegel's "Anthrogenesis", on the basis of paleontological ethogenesis and morphology to prove the human system, knows the evolution of animals, and the development of human fetuses, where vertebrates begin as fish, see the geologically too ancient Luo Period, followed by the frog fish of the Chosen Age, the amphibian of the Graphite Age, the Reptiles of the Permian, and the Mammals of the Middle Ages, approaching the Ancient Tertiary Period, is to see the half-ape, the secondary true ape, the ape has a narrow-nosed family, from its clan dog ape, secondary ape, ape man, can not speak, descend and can speak, is the so-called man, This is also evidenced by anatomical individuals and vertebrates. But the order of individual development is also the same, so it is said that race occurrence is the recurrence of individual occurrence. However, there are only vertebrates, and if you go further up to the invertebrates and explore their lineage, it is especially difficult to do karma. Cover this animal, there is no skeleton existence, so it is not found in fossils, especially according to biological principles, it is known that human beings are protozoa, which are equivalent to the root stem cells at the time of fetal pregnancy, and there are also equivalent animals under this. Thus Hegel identified it by following the traces of evolution, and if there were deficiencies, he supplemented them with fossils and suspended organisms, and the diagram from the single to the human system was completed, and the figure contained in the figure, that is, from the progression of Monera to the history of mankind, the biological so-called occurrence of the race is also. Its diagram is as follows (left row).

In the past thirty years, the discovery of paleontology has also been strong evidence, the most important of which is the Javanese ape man fossil, which is a stone appearance, and the human system has been completed. Cover the narrow-nosed ape and human lineage genus, missing invisible, captured fossils, credit mizhen, li is not inferior to comparative anatomy and onomagenesis also. Therefore, human beings come out of the world, for things to humble, known as protozoa. The protozoa are from Munaro, and Munaro is from Probion; Porobione, the protozoa, too. If we look more into the origin of the original organism, then take the Naegeli clan as a proximate reason, which says that life begins with the fruit of the law of non-existence and the immortality of the quality force; if the whole realm of matter is formed by cause and effect, and the phenomena in the universe also follow this law, then it becomes the quality of non-official products, and eventually transforms into non-official products, and in the final analysis, it is also the non-official products. There are scholars in the near-law, who can change their quality and force, turn non-official products into plants, and kill them with poisonous metal, and easily conduct electricity and heat transfer. Therefore, there are two realms of life and no birth, and they are becoming more and more close, and they cannot be separated in the end, and the rebirth of no living beings is an easy truth, and the academic foot at the end of the nineteenth century is terrifying, and so is it. To the beginning of inanimate, then as the Kosmogenie (Cosmogenie) said.

Written in 1907.