He is also a unique soldier who grew up in the context of reform, and he is very different from the protagonist of our previous issue.
He was the top commander of the annihilation war in large-scale battles, leading troops to battle more than 70 times in his lifetime, killing more than 1.5 million enemies, and never lost.
The national power creates heroes, but also destroys heroes.
We have to start with 3 fierce men.
Wen 丨 Jiang Yamin
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1 Born fierce, ashamed and fiercer
Yingqu Liang was very angry!
He did have a good reason to be angry.
His ancestors were from a nomadic tribe in the western part of the Zhou Dynasty, and they obtained their first piece of land by raising horses for Tianzi. Later generations fought bloody battles and made great contributions, but only got a blank check from the supreme leader, King Zhou Chengwang:
"If You have no way out and encroach on the land of Qi and Feng, Qin can attack and expel Rong, that is, there is a place for it."
Want to get a reward? Please fight yourself, and the victory will be yours. The territory of the Qin state is the life of several generations of Qin jun and countless Qin generals.
You know, in the Spring and Autumn Warring States period, which was extremely particular about origin and rank, most of the princes were nobles, and they could get a large fief by blood, and they looked down on this "secluded in Yongzhou" and good at hard struggle, and even equated it with barbarians.
Taking advantage of the fight between the princes of the Central Plains, Qin Mugong "took the sword to the side and dominated the Western Rong", thinking that from now on he could raise his eyebrows and raise his head to be a man, but the descendants behind him were not too contentious.
When it came time to inherit his father's throne, Comrade Yingqu Liang faced the tiger's eyes and contempt of the six great powers in the east:
"The Three Jins attacked and seized the western land of my ancestors, the princes were humble and qin, and the ugliness was great."
Among them, the threat from the strong neighbors Chu and Wei was the greatest: Wei built the Great Wall, north of Zhengbinluo, and occupied Shangjun; Chu from Hanzhong, south of Ba and Qianzhong.
Recalling the infinite glory of his ancestors and looking around at the current situation of poverty, weakness and backwardness, he posted a "recruitment order" that was extremely tempting:
"There are those who can make a surprising plan to strengthen qin, and I respect the officials and divide the land with them."
The famous ruthless shang martingale heard the news and came forward with the strategy of "agricultural warfare." The doctrine of the Legalists he brought with him pursued efficiency in an extreme way, abandoning the mainstream values of the Central Plains such as "Li Le Poetry Books, Good Cultivation, Filial Piety, Honesty and Debate", which was very consistent with the rough and courageous martial temperament of the Qin people who spoke with strength in everything.
So, the monarch hit it off.
In 359 BC, a reform that completely changed the fate of the Qin people began, which greatly improved the agricultural productivity of the Qin state, the ability of state organization and mobilization, and the combat ability of the army.
You can never predict how destructive an angry macho can be!
One is not enough? Then regenerate one.
The illustrations in the Late Ming Dynasty's "Chronicles of the New Nations" depict Shang Martin being tortured by car splitting after the death of Qin Xiaogong.
In 338 BC, Yingqu Liang, who had not yet fulfilled his ambition, left the world with reluctance and became the famous Duke Xiaogong of Qin. After his son Yingsi ascended to the throne, he immediately found a reason to kill ShangMartin.
However, the plot development route of the Qin version is completely different from the tragedy of the later death of King Wuling of Zhao calling for the suspension of reform. The 19-year-old Ying Si Chengfu is very deep - killing Shang Martin seems to be to avenge personal revenge, in fact, there are deeper considerations:
First, the reform harmed the interests of the clan, and killing the initiator could avoid the expansion of differences and thus strengthen internal unity; second, at this time, the reform was basically completed, and the Martingale was highly powerful, and the young monarch should fully grasp the power of the state and establish the majesty of the monarch, killing this person is the most efficient way.
After that, Yingsi continued to practice the line of the deceased great reformers, appointing Zhang Yi and others regardless of country, gathering people's strength and expanding the territory:
* West facing, subduing the Yiqu;
* Eastward, forcing the State of Wei to cede Hexi and Shangjun;
* Southward, capturing Bashu and Baoguan Zhongping, and defeating Qiangchu through the battles of Danyang and Lantian.
Qin Huiwen Wang Yisi finally fulfilled the long-cherished wish of countless ancestors to become kings, and sat on an equal footing with Zhou Tianzi, who was once high above.
In 307 BC, King Wu of Qin, who reigned for 4 years and was only 23 years old, died of excessive force, and the "baton" passed to his younger brother Ying Ji.
Note: King Huiwen of Qin passed the throne to his son Yingdang, the King of Qinwu.
2 Eastward into Han Wei, the fame of Yi Que
Following the development logic of the Shang martingale, "the people and peasants are simple, the simple is easy to use, and the easy to use is the frontier security", at this time, the Qin state entered a virtuous circle of mutual promotion of "agricultural development - national integration": the western region was stable, the front line soldiers were sufficient, and when the rear did not miss the peasants, there was "nine years of grain" in the treasury, the weapons and equipment were excellent, and the logistical support was in place.
In addition, under the blessing of the military merit system, after three generations, the Qin army has become a tiger and wolf division.
How scary is this team?
With captives under their armpits and the enemy heads still dripping blood, the warriors with sophisticated weapons in their hands began a new charge, ambitiously looking forward to harvesting a new batch of heads... Only those who have the largest number of leaders have the opportunity to stand out and become generals.
The country makes heroes.
At this time, the fallen nobleman Who joined the army at the age of 15, Bai Qi, together with many colleagues who later became famous generals, was trying to survive the brutal war, and on this basis, he was trying to collect human heads.
In 299 BC, Ying Ji deceived and put king Huai of Chu under house arrest in Xianyang, where he died of illness in 296 BC. This is a major diplomatic event!
After that, Qin and Chu broke off diplomatic relations, and the other princes hated and feared the Qin state, which had strong combat strength and did not play according to the routine, and the five kingdoms of Qi, Han, Wei, Zhao, and Song jointly sent troops, and the Qin state was forced to return the land under pressure and temporarily reconciled with Wei and Han.
Going east is the established national policy of Yingji, and besides, the fat that is swallowed has a reason to spit it out!
After a long period of planning, in 294 BC, the Qin army launched an attack, and Yu Kunshan and Hangu Pass were stubbornly blocked by the combined forces of Han and Wei. Under the recommendation of King Qin's uncle Wei Ran, Bai Qi, who had been obscure, succeeded his predecessor and soon conquered Xincheng (新城, in present-day Yichuan County, Henan).
Although the Eastern Zhou state was weak, it also decided to resist the Qin army. The Three Kingdoms pushed Gongsun Xi as the commander of the Wei generals, leading about 300,000 troops to meet the Qin army.
At this time, as the attacking side, the Qin army had less than half of the soldiers on the other side, what to do?
Through some reconnaissance, he obtained an important piece of information: about 200,000 ROK troops were stationed in Yiqu, south of Luoyang, tens of thousands of Wei troops were staying in the Luohe River Valley, and the so-called "coalition forces" actually had their own plans: the ROK army wanted the Wei army to take the lead, and the Wei army wanted the elite troops of the other side to be the vanguard, and no one wanted to face the strong enemy and consume their own strength first.
White portrait painted in the Ming Dynasty.
Therefore, Bai Qi, on the one hand, exerted a suspicious strategy against the Han army, so that it did not dare to act rashly; on the other hand, he concentrated his main force around the rear of the Wei army and suddenly launched an attack to crush it; after the defeat of the Wei army, the Han army, which had been shocked by the Qin army, was vulnerable. Through this method of avoiding the real and attacking the weak and surprise attacking, the Qin army broke the enemy many times and gradually annihilated the main force of the enemy army in Yique.
After this battle, Bai Qi led his troops to annihilate 240,000 enemies and captured the main general Gongsun Xi; then took advantage of the victory to pursue, cross the Yellow River north, and capture the area east of Anyi in Korea to the Qianhe area.
The overjoyed King of Qin looked at this shining star:
"The merits of this king are unheard of in the world!"
Bai Qi's answer is very high-end:
"The reason why I can make a contribution is only to act according to the situation and the law, which is not magical at all."
The Battle of Yique severely damaged Han and Wei, threatened the Six Kingdoms, and the Qin army's eastward advance was unstoppable.
In 292 BC, Bai Qi was promoted to Daliangzao, and after that, together with Sima Cuo, the secretary of the State of Wei, he jointly raised an army to conquer Wei, successively capturing 61 large and small cities of the State of Wei, laying a solid foundation for the Qin State to go out of the East; by 286 BC, the State of Qin had completely taken the Hedong region.
3 Southern Kechu, awarded the title of Wu Anjun
After the Battle of Yiqu, the trembling King of Chu accepted the qin state's request for peace, and the two countries stopped for about 10 years.
Until a master goose shooter appeared.
The masters were usually very strong, and he felt that the current King of Chu was a bit provocative.
The Qinchu Ancient Road is a post road from the ancient Qin state to the Chu state, with a total length of about 15 kilometers. Figure | Figureworm Creative
In 281 BC, taking advantage of the opportunity of the meeting, the master expressed his dissenting opinion:
"Your father was tricked by the King of Qin into going abroad and put under house arrest in Xianyang for several years, and the King of Tangtang Chu died in a foreign land. Piff knows that there is revenge, moreover, now you enjoy such a vast land, with a million strong soldiers, enough to swing north and a snow shame. However, you are actually sitting in the country now, and I really feel sorry for you! ”
The king of Chu expressed his anger, and then, regardless of how well his own city was built and whether there were good generals under his seat, he sent emissaries to contact Qi and Han to discuss Qin's grand plan.
When the Qin King Received the news, he was naturally very excited, and then he shook his fists and actively prepared for battle, and when the time came, the soldiers attacked the Chu State in two ways.
In 280 BC, Sima Que was ordered to march longxi soldiers and march east through Shudi;
In 279 BC, Bai Qi's troops marched south through Wuguan and quickly occupied Dengcheng (present-day Xiangyang, Hubei) and forced the Chu army to heavily guarded yancheng (鄢城, in modern Yicheng, Hubei).
Here, Bai Qi once again planned a human tragedy.
He ordered the Qin army to build embankments and slender canals on the Yishui River, and diverted large waters from the west to flood and wash away Yancheng. In an instant, hundreds of thousands of Chu soldiers and civilians were drowned in it, and the Qin army won a great victory.
Next, the Qin army continued to advance south, successively conquering the capital of the Chu state of Ying (present-day Jiangling, Hubei), Yiling (present-day Yichang, Hubei), and Jingling (present-day Qianjiang, Hubei), penetrating deep into the area south of the Yangtze River, and then taking Qianzhong (present-day western Hunan and parts of Hubei, Chongqing, and Guizhou), almost occupying half of the Chu state!
Therefore, Bai Qi, who was good at leading the army, winning every battle, and ensuring the safety of the people of Great Qin, was awarded the title of "Wu'an Jun" by the leader.
Following the expansionary ambitions of the King of Qin, Wu Anjun marched rapidly on the road of conquest and could not stop at all. In 276 BC, he attacked Wei with his army, captured two cities, and played the prelude to the Great War of the Central Plains.
In 274 BC, the Qin army attacked Han, Zhao and Wei came to the aid, and Bai Qi's troops defeated the Three Kingdoms in one battle: first broke the coalition army at Huayang (present-day Xinzheng, Henan), captured the Three Kingdoms generals, and beheaded 130,000 people; later engaged the Zhao general Jia Yan, and drowned 20,000 Zhao pawns.
In 269 BC, the Qin army crossed korea to cut down Zhao, and encountered Zhao's troops at Shuanhe (present-day Heshun, Shanxi), where he was defeated.
This road is not open.
What to do?
Fan Ju, a Wei man, offered a "long-distance and close-range attack" strategy, attacking Wei first and then turning to South Korea.
To interject here, this Qin Guoqing also made another important suggestion:
"As the king of a country, you should have sole control over the country. However, now that your mother Empress Xuan and your uncle Wei Ran hold the authority, Huayang Jun, Jingyang Jun, Gao Lingjun and others do their own thing, and they do not take you seriously. If you let it go, in the long run, it will lead to great disaster! ”
These words reached the heart of the King of Qin. After 40 years of tempering, the young successor to the throne has long matured politically and militarily, and for him, the support of his mother and uncle has gradually become a constraint. In 266 BC, Empress Dowager Ji finally made up her mind to depose Empress Xuan, exile four feudal lords, and appoint The Guest Secretary Fan Ju as chancellor, with the fief of Yingyi.
The King of Qin, who had completely seized power, took a step.
4 Terror is long flat, and the power is shaking the world
In 265 BC, Bai Qi was ordered to attack the Korean city of Jingcheng (present-day Quwo, Shanxi), killing 50,000 enemies; in 264 BC, he conquered Nanyang (present-day Xiuwu, Henan); in 263 BC, he occupied Yewang (present-day Qinyang, Henan). At this point, shangdang's road to the korean capital was cut off by the Qin army.
The danger of the fall of the country was approaching, and the King of Han ordered Feng Ting, the governor of Shangdang County, to dedicate the land to the State of Qin for peace. Feng Ting believed that this was inappropriate, cutting 17 cities and pools to the Qin state was equivalent to making the enemy like a tiger, it was better to give the land to the Zhao state, and it might also leave a glimmer of life for Korea:
"The road to the outside world has been cut off, the Qin soldiers are approaching day by day, and South Korea cannot be saved, so we might as well return to the Zhao state first." If it accepts, Qin will attack Zhao in anger; Zhao will definitely get close to Korea when he encounters Qin. When the two countries unite, they can resist the Qin army. ”
On the other hand, under the persuasion of Pingyuan Jun, King Zhao decided to accept this very tempting but very hard fruit, sent Pingyuan Jun to Shangdang to take over the land, and Lian Po led an army to garrison Changping (長平, in modern Gaoping, Jincheng, Shanxi) to wait for Qin.
In fact, Shangdang is more like a bomb, and King Zhao's decision to pocket it is tantamount to igniting a fuse.
Soon, the Qin army successively captured the Yanshi (缑氏, in modern Yanshi, Henan) and the Lun clan (present-day Dengfeng, Henan), Shangdang, and Wang Gong led his troops to attack Changping.
In the face of the 500,000 fierce Qin army that was stubborn and sharp, the Zhao army was unfavorable in several battles. Lian Po saw that the Qin army, which had traveled nearly 500 kilometers, was anxious to make a quick decision, and whether the King of Zhao blamed or the Qin army provoked, he ordered the soldiers to hold the camp and wait for the opponent to be tired and then wait for the opportunity to attack.
Qin Xiang Fan Ju sent people with heavy money to bribe Zhao Guoyouchen to concoct rumors:
"Lian is not worried, and the State of Qin is most afraid of Zhao Kuo, the son of his old rival, General Zhao Hao."
As a result, the veteran general Lian Po was squeezed out, and Zhao Kuo smoothly ascended to the throne.
The King of Qin raised an eyebrow and secretly adjusted Bai to be a general and Wang Gong to be a deputy general.
Bai Qi surveyed the terrain and ambushed the main force close to the Qin army camp; then, he used the front army to create the illusion of military defeat, induce Zhao Kuo's troops to take advantage of the victory to pursue, so that they gradually broke away from the solid "Lianpo Three Defense Lines (Camps)", that is, the Empty Cangling Defense Line, the Danhe Defense Line, and the Baili Stone Great Wall Defense Line established by the old generals before; at the same time, 25,000 elite soldiers were sent to cut off the Zhao Army's grain route in one fell swoop, intercept the opposing reinforcements on the way back, and successfully split the Middle Road of the Zhao Army with 5,000 cavalry.
Under the leadership of General Zhao, more than 400,000 Zhao troops finally fell into the enemy's ambush circle.
In the Warring States period more than 2,000 years ago, it was very difficult to efficiently command large armies to fight. In the course of the confrontation, there were no radios, computers and the Internet, only carrier pigeons, fast horses and people passing orders, and the commander had to direct the complex operations of this series of large corps mobile operations, and we cannot imagine how difficult this matter was!
However, Bai Qi did it. Having been tempered by the flames of war, he possessed superb command art, combat strategy, and meticulous planning, knew the abilities and characteristics of his subordinates very well, and was able to use troops according to the situation, so as to know their generals, promote their strengths, and avoid their weaknesses.
Therefore, in the Battle of Changping, the Qin army annihilated the main force of 450,000 Zhao troops, and the six kingdoms were terrified!
After that, the six countries were no longer able to organize a strong coalition that could shoulder the heavy responsibility of resisting Qin. After this catastrophe, the people of the Six Kingdoms were frightened and either did not dare to join the army, or fled after joining the army.
5 Kill the god at the end, kill the last man
After the war, the Qin army further expanded its achievements and attacked the Zhao state again.
Wang Ling's army was unsuccessful in besieging Handan, and the King of Qin asked Bai, who had just recovered from a serious illness, to go forward and continue to organize the attack.
He said no, of course, for good reason:
"Although we have just won a great victory in Changping, but after years of bitter fighting, the Qin army has suffered more than half of the casualties, the country is empty, and other countries have deep resentment against the Qin state. If we immediately go on another expedition to attack the capital of the Zhao state, the Zhao army inside, and the princes' armies outside, forming a joint anti-Qin trend, we will have no chance of winning this battle. Don't act rashly. ”
However, Ying Ji, who had just held great power and achieved a great victory, burst with self-confidence, and strongly ordered Bai Qi to send troops, and Bai Qi again refused; he asked Fan Ju to persuade him to fight, and Bai Qi's attitude was still very resolute: he just did not go.
Zhao Guo, who was seriously injured, was terrified--he wanted to protect himself, and he could certainly not save it by fighting a war, and for the sake of the present, he could only rely on lobbying to make a divisive plan.
Zhao sent Su Dai to Xianyang with a large amount of money to meet Fan Ju, who was deeply trusted by the King of Qin:
"Bai Qi fought too many victorious battles for the Qin state, and won more than seventy cities, such as Dingyan, Ying, and Hanzhong in the south, and Zhao Kuo's army in the north, and the credit was too great! Once the Zhao state is destroyed and the Qin state is dominant, he will inevitably be ranked as the third duke, are you willing to submit to him? At that point, even if you don't like it, you'll have no choice.
The State of Qin once attacked Korea and besieged Shangdang, but the common people of Shangdang preferred to defect to the State of Zhao. Why? Because people from all countries did not want to belong to the Qin state. Now if the Zhao kingdom is destroyed, the land will be divided up by Yan, Han, Wei, and Qi, and you will not get any benefits.
Please advise the King of Qin not to attack Zhao, so that you don't have to worry about Bai Qi's meritorious service again threatening your position. ”
Soon, Chu and Wei mobilized hundreds of thousands of troops to rescue Zhao, and the Qin army under Handan City fell into a dilemma. For this veteran who was confident in merit and did not listen to his own control, Eun Seol repeatedly suppressed his anger and made him win back the defeat, but he was rejected. Until the leader's patience was exhausted, Bai Qi was stripped of his official title and sent to Yinmi (present-day Jingchuan, Ningxia).
Just as this veteran of the horse was dragging his sick body and leaving Xianyang in the west, Fan Ju and others took the opportunity to enter the rumor:
"Bai Qi was happy about the defeat of the Qin army, and complained to you the Great King."
The angry and corrupt King of Qin decided to give him a sword to cut himself.
As mentioned above, Empress Xuan and Wei Ran, the Marquis of Yong, who supported Bai Qi, had long since lost power, and Fan Ju was dominant in the court, and no one spoke for him.
He fought for the country for decades and made countless contributions to the sword and lamented:
"What sin have I committed that God has brought me to such a fate?"
For a long time, he sighed:
"I deserve to die. In the Battle of Changping, hundreds of thousands of Zhao pawns descended, and I deceived them all, which was enough to die. ”
In the 51st year of her reign, She died in a state of flux.
The question arises: Did the King of Qin kill Bai Qi only because of rumors?
From the three generations of fierce men of the Qin Dynasty, we see the same trait:
Vicious and deceitful, good at using people, but also good at killing.
Unlike his father, under the circumstances of the initial determination of the great cause, Eun Seol did not leave the great hero of disobedience to his son to solve, and he decided to do it himself.
6 Undefeated in battle, it has ruined its reputation throughout the ages
Now, let's help General Bai Qi settle the account:
* Annihilated 240,000 Han and Wei allies in the Battle of Yique;
* Three attacks on the Chu state annihilated 350,000 Chu troops;
* Attacked the Zhao state and annihilated 600,000 Zhao troops (including 450,000 in the Battle of Changping);
* Attacked South Korea and Wei to annihilate 300,000 allied forces of the two countries;
* There are also a series of smaller campaigns...
Bai Qi experienced more than 70 battles in his lifetime, with zero defeats, and annihilated more than 1.5 million troops of the six countries!
It should be known that during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the population of the Central Plains and surrounding areas was only 20 million to 30 million. According to the famous scholar Liang Qichao, more than two million people were killed in the entire Warring States. Then, the number of people killed by Bai Qi's troops exceeded one-half of the total!
The names of "killing gods" and "human slaughter" are worthy of the name.
So, as a soldier, where is Bai Qiqiang?
From the several famous examples mentioned above, we can see at least the following 3 points:
First, in the history of Chinese warfare, he can be said to be the first to be compared with the level of large-scale annihilation wars, and only the later Genghis Khan and Su Yu can be compared.
Generally speaking, the Chinese art of war emphasizes the pursuit of the poor and the poor, such as Sun Wu's "Return to the division and do not suppress, surround the division must be que, the poor Kou do not chase", "fifty miles and strive for profits, then the general will be killed" and Shang Martin's "great victory to drive the north without more than ten miles", because it is likely to encounter deadly resistance, resulting in loss of troops.
This kind of thinking comes from the pattern of the Spring and Autumn Warring States standing side by side -- today's enemies may become friends tomorrow, and no one is willing to kill them all.
By the end of the Warring States period, the dominance of the Qiangqin family had become a trend, and for the sake of unifying the six kingdoms, the importance of the annihilation war had never been higher. Bai Qi was not trapped by the experience of his predecessors, and the pursuit tactics were more decisive - because of the favorable situation created by the situation, he boldly led the army to pursue.
The principle that the poor must be pursued and annihilated has perfected his ideology and practice of annihilation warfare, raised the tactics of the period to an unprecedented level, and also pushed him to the first echelon of ancient Chinese soldiers.
Second, it pioneered the method of playing with field fortifications as a means of offensive assistance, luring the enemy out of the established positions and then maneuvering to annihilate the enemy.
Bai Qi has always disapproved of attacking hard and fighting hard, building fortifications in the field, and then luring the enemy out of the strong position, reversing the unfavorable situation of the enemy's strong stronghold and hard attack on the other side in the movement.
Third, use soldiers to hide deeply and avoid the real and attack the virtual.
There are two main points here: On the one hand, in order to do a good job in secrecy work and to hide the intention of using troops, it is necessary to skillfully mobilize troops and fully show weakness, and it is also necessary to have considerable patience and sometimes withstand the urging of the leadership; on the other hand, on the premise of mobilizing the enemy, we must discover and create fighter planes, surprise them, defeat the enemy in one fell swoop, and leave no trace of vitality for the opponent.
In addition, what is surprising is that Bai Qi not only has a superb combat level, but also has a profound theoretical foundation. The song dynasty historical records that Bai Qi wrote many military books such as "Array Map" and "Divine Marching Military Law", but unfortunately, they have been lost so far.
Later generations listed Bai Qi as a famous general to enjoy the temple, but Zhao Kuangyin, the founding emperor of the Song Dynasty, took a negative attitude:
"This man has already been killed, and he is not even armed, so why should he enjoy this?"
The pit killing of prisoners of war did bring him the infamy of the ages after his death.
In the early wars of mankind, the massacre of prisoners of war and the coming of envoys were common phenomena, intended to deter the other side and prevent them from invading again. It was not until the Zhou Dynasty that benevolence, etiquette, and faith became the mainstream of thought, and this behavior began to be regarded as a barbaric label and widely criticized.
Some say he is murderous by nature. In fact, according to the rules of the Qin State, the handling of a large number of prisoners of war must consult the monarch, and his personal opinion is insignificant. Therefore, Eun Seol is the real behind-the-scenes director of the human tragedy.
For the dharma kings who are extremely efficient, procedural justice is not important, the result is the goal:
"Fight with war, although war can also be fought; killing by killing, although killing can also be; punishment can be punished, although heavy punishment can also be."
Through large-scale killing, it is possible to annihilate the opponent's living forces, deter potential enemies, and quickly achieve the goal of world unification, killing a bloody road.
This strategic deterrent effect laid the foundation for the later destruction of the Six Kingdoms and the integration of Shenzhou; at the same time, it also laid the foundation for the plot of the later death of Qin II, laying the foreshadowing of the "sworn enemy Manhuaxia".
Resources:
1. (Western Han) Liu Xiang edited the Warring States Policy • Volume 6 • Qin Ce IV
2. (Western Han Dynasty) Liu Xiang edited the Warring States Policy • Volume 33 • Zhongshan Policy
3. (Western Han) Sima Qian's "History • Volume 5 • Qin Benji 5"
4. (Western Han) Sima Qian's "History • Volume 73 • Baiqi Wang Zhai Lie Biography 13"
In peacetime, the lessons of war are collectively forgotten again and again, until another war suddenly arrives, and only after paying a bloody price will it be suddenly awakened.
The Bing family has flourished again and again in Chinese history, and then, again and again, it has been suppressed and forgotten.
A mature country and a mature nation must not forget the disasters and lessons of war; even when the country is at peace and prosperity for a long time, it is still necessary to carry forward the tradition of attaching importance to national defense and the military, so that the alarm bells will always sound and the armament will always be renewed.
The worldwide research boom of Chinese bingjia theory has been enduring, and it is of great significance to re-excavate and discover the value of ancient Chinese bingjia at the key historical node of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Therefore, Uncle Ku invited Jiang Yamin, a researcher at the Former Department of Combat Theory and Doctrine Research of the Academy of Military Sciences, to launch a series of articles on "Ancient Chinese Soldiers", one per week, for the benefit of readers.
Spanning 4600 years, this series tells the stories of 38 representative figures of soldiers who exerted a major influence on China's military and even historical progress from the beginning of Chinese civilization to the end of the Qing Dynasty, and interprets the legendary military books and ancient formations that have been enshrined or even deified by posterity.
Note: In order, Xuannu, Yi Yin, Wu Ding, Jiang Ziya, Xianxun, Ghost Guzi, Tian Hoang Tho, Sun Wu, Sun Zhen, Mo Zhai, Le Yi, Li Mu, Bai Qi, Wu Qi, Wei Ji, Wang Qi, Zhang Liang, Han Xin, Wei Qing, Ban Chao, Zhuge Liang, Yang Su, Li Jing, Xue Rengui, Guo Ziyi, Wei Rui, Yelü Hugo, Yue Fei, Genghis Khan, Badu, Zhu Yuanzhang, Xu Da, Qi Jiguang, Xing Jiu, Zheng Chenggong, Shi Lang, Fu Kang'an, Zuo
Zong Tang.
Uncle Ku welfare
Uncle Ku's book donation activity has always been there! The Machinery Industry Press provided Uncle Ku with 25 copies of "A Book to Understand Carbon Neutrality" for enthusiastic readers. Starting from the background, we will gradually explain what is carbon neutrality, what are the key elements to achieve, what are the path and transformation opportunities for carbon neutrality in various industries in China, and explore the development context of China's economy and society in the next 40 years. Please comment under the article, the top 3 likes (more than 50 numbers) will receive a book donation.