Wang Daokun: The autumn wind looks back at the ground, and the tears are spilled one by one
Mentioning the name Wang Daokun is a very unfamiliar name for most people, but in the era in which he lived, he was one of the most famous people, he was a person who had a biography of Yu Zhengshi, and there were many people recorded in the notes of yeshi, but for now, except for those who have studied Huishang or Ming history, the people who know his name are not more than one.
The word Wenwu Shuangquan has been crowned by many people, but in Chinese history, there are very few people who can really afford this word, most of them are more than some praise, however, Wang Daokun is a real Wen Tao and martial arts person, he not only together with Qi Jiguang to resist foreign Kou, and in literature, he is one of the "last five sons" of the Ming Dynasty, and he is also one of the important representative figures of Huishang, and his life is full of legends.
Wang Daokun, Zi Boyu, Nanming, a native of Shexian County, Huizhou Prefecture, learned Confucianism from an early age, was born as a jinshi, was first granted the Order of Yiwu County, was promoted to inspector with merit, li xiangyang prefect and Huguang inspector, left shilang of the official final military department, Wen was equally famous with Li Panlong and Wang Shizhen, and the history of Ming was passed down, and he wrote "Taihan Vice Ink" and "Taihan Collection", etc., and was a 69-year-old official.
Although he came from a family of Hui merchants in Yeyan, his family instilled a lot of Confucian ideas in him, and he can be said to be a prodigy, who was very intelligent since childhood, and never forgot to read books, but he did not like those orthodox books such as the "Four Books and Five Classics", but was keen on barnyard officials and wild histories, and read miscellaneous novels.
What is slightly surprising is that Wang Daokun has a special love for opera, and once tried to create drama, but unfortunately he was terminated by his father's scolding, and the manuscript was all burned, so he had to endure the pain of cutting love, immersed himself in studying the necessary books for the imperial examination, and entered the high school at the age of 22, which can be regarded as a teenager's ambition.
Although this list of him cannot be compared with the list of Najiayou Dragon and Tiger in Su Shi, there are many famous people among them, including Li Chunfang, the leader of the literary world, Wang Shizhen, the military leader Yin Zhengmao, the first minister of the Ming Dynasty, Yang Jisheng, and so on, as well as Zhang Juzheng, the only great politician of the Ming Dynasty.
Now people know the national hero Qi Jiguang who resisted the Wu, but almost no one knows about this Wang Daokun, and the big gap makes people sigh, you know, the capital of General Qi to start a family to resist the enemy is to have a Powerful Qi Family Army, this army is all composed of Yiwu disciples, heroic and good at war, invincible, when the Wu Kou heard about it, it would look at the wind and flee, so it was also called Yiwu soldiers.
And it was this Yiwu soldier, originally formed by Wang Daokun, when he was just in the army, he was immediately sent to Yiwu as a parent official, in the face of increasingly serious sea disasters, he recruited Yiwu villagers for training, just like local regiment training, learning martial arts training, realizing the defense of the whole people, doing things to resist foreign troubles, doing their duty to defend the countryside, and then creating the initial team of Yiwu soldiers.
Later, Qi Jiguang was ordered to recruit a new army from Yiwu, and Wang Daokun handed over all this armed force to command, and did his best to assist him in establishing an armed force capable of recruiting good warriors and providing all logistical support to fight against the Wokou with Qi Jiguang.
When the emperor is in the middle of the book, he remembers the gift of clothing, and the Emperor of The Outer Juju is honored by the Han Dynasty;
The nine generals inherit the temple, and worship the pilgrimage to the third emperor;
Qingxiao sword qi returned to the South Dipper, and mingyue sounded quietly at the north gate;
Ren Dao Jian Lin Qian tent is here, please see Forbidden Yu Wuyun Tun.
This poem is called "Generals", which is a magnificent song of the mighty generals when he formed his army, from which we can see his heroic feelings of arrogance and arrogance, which is the ultimate embodiment of his chivalry.
Later, he served as an official in Fujian for many years, from being a deputy envoy to a high position in Fujian, during which he also served as Qi Jiguang's supervisor, no matter when and where, he gave Qi Jiguang the greatest support and help, "day and night planning, those who do not pillow have six days", it can be said that without Wang Daokun, there would be no Qi family army, nor could he achieve Qi Jiguang's prestige.
"Chu Jiguang arrived from Zhejiang with a Ming order, and the new An Wang Gong reorganized his troops. Gong Shi jin jiguang, talking about the southeast affairs is very agreeable, and he and beggars in Zhejiang and Fujian, and still rely on it. This is a passage from Qi Jiguang's collection of writings, from which we can also see that General Qi relied heavily on Wang Daokun at that time.
Wang and Qi are lifelong confidants, the two have worked together for twenty-five years, and they look at each other with no remorse; however, both of them are also "fearful of the inside" people who are "famous for a while", I don't know if when the two raise a glass and talk happily, whether they also exchange stories in this regard, or pour bitter water, comfort each other, haha, it is very interesting and tight.
It is sometimes recorded that "the General Yuan Ofe Qi, Yuan Jing, the Great General of Nanping, wei zhen Yixia; Wang Shao Sima Bo Yu Jinxin embroidered his mouth, and the drum of the Central Plains, and the order did not work in the Kannei, the courage often fell on the female Rong, and it was also strange that he was willing to turn into a circle of fingers with the rigidity of the Hundred Refinements." ”
However, it seems that in the Ming Dynasty, "fear of the inside" had a glorious tradition, the so-called "Song Dynasty jealousy of women and women, caused by the strictness of its Taoist law, to the National Dynasty is not easy to read." Its lewds don't care. Therefore, there are many people who enjoy this reputation in the Ming Dynasty, and Wang Yangming, who is called "a perfect person of a generation", is not also a person we Sichuan people affectionately call "rake ears", obeying the orders of the lady, not ashamed.
Wang Daokun, whether in the DPRK or in the opposition, is a righteous man, and it is especially important to mention that at that time, hu Zongxian, a famous general of the Anti-Wu Dynasty, was unjustly imprisoned, and later forced to commit suicide, a sentence "The sword is buried in the unjust prison, and the loyal soul surrounds the white clouds" makes many people feel unfair, but none of them have come out to complain about it, and it is Wang Daokun who spared no effort to run and shout, which lasted eight years, so that he was finally rehabilitated after 25 years of injustice.
You must know that Hu Zongxian's greatest achievement is to suppress the smuggling armed forces headed by Wang Zhi, as the largest armed force that poses a threat to the imperial court, Wang Zhi established himself as the "King of Hui", you know, this Wang Zhi and Wang Daokun are authentic township parties, whether it is an ethnic group I don't know, but at least it is inextricably linked, from which we can also see that Wang Daokun is also an upright official.
Because of his outstanding merits, he was transferred to the imperial court as a military attendant, and together with Wang Shizhen, he was called "Two Simas", and he was called "Young Sima ", and at this time, the sea disaster was gradually calming, Qi Jiguang also led his troops to the north, the two of them cooperated as always to resist the enemy, and jointly participated in the defense of Gyeonggi and Jiliao, and he devoted himself to reforming the maladministration and working hard.
With his far-sightedness and pragmatic spirit, he made outstanding military achievements in the struggle to eliminate the border troubles of the Ming Dynasty's "Southern Wu and Northern Enemies"; Daming was in the Jiajing Dynasty where he was in, and the foreign Kou were not allowed to invade an inch of land, and Wang Gongshi was very successful.
Who goes to respond to my way, rumors are also the world's feelings;
The Holy Pilgrimage is still offended, and the Lang Bureau has long been well-known;
Sunset LiangXi, Pingwu Water City;
The autumn wind looked back, and the tears spilled out one by one.
This is a poem he wrote to his degraded compatriots, titled "Send Zhang Yubu who Changzhou bei driving back to Wuxiao Province", the poem on the one hand is to persuade and enlighten it, on the other hand, it also gives affirmation to the name of the friend, in fact, the friend's today is his own tomorrow, the companion is like a companion tiger, you really do not know where this wind will blow tomorrow.
In the eyes of the crow, the swan is also flawed, and sure enough, he was suspected for no reason, impeached and dismissed, and reinstated after four years of idleness, but it did not take long for him to suffer a disaster, and finally he was forced to "retire", and the year of knowing his fate was allowed to return to Li, which is the so-called "Zhi shi", with a retirement salary, living in the forest for nearly twenty years, until his death.
As for the reason for Wang Daokun's crime of being deposed, the history books are vague, and combined with relevant information, the main crime is "embezzlement and indulgence" in Fujian for official duties, but this is nonsense at first glance.
Thinking of that Wang Daokun family salt merchant, earnest and wealthy, I do not think that the business to get rich as a profession, hard to read and study for the meritorious name, for the country to be loyal, to serve the people, how to use some money and wealth to embezzle and scrape, even his Feng Lu is exhausted by the supporters, when he returns to The house, there are only books in a boat, so I think that the reason for this dismissal is still the party strife of the Ming Dynasty scribes.
What is admirable is that after he was impeached and dismissed for the second time, he still could not rest assured that he had worked hard for half his life in Fujian Haiphong, and he worked tirelessly to visit the actual situation alone, and on the basis of a large number of field investigations, he submitted to the imperial court a recital of the "Preparatory Proposal," which included more than ten practical and feasible suggestions, which were actually the precursors of China's systematic coastal defense thinking in the era of cold weapons, the heart of fists and fists, and the heavens can be learned.
After returning to his hometown, he "did not rejoice with things, did not take sorrow with what had been done", founded the Xin'an poetry school, jiefenggan and Baiyu two societies, presented himself as the master of Huangshan Mountain, masturbated with Fan Li, and together with tonghao, poetry and wine sang harmony, and its music was harmonious, and it was a momentary grand situation at that time.
Wang Daokun was born as a scholar, Yu Shiwen was a master of his own, he was in the same position as the literary leader Wang Shizhen at that time among the "last five sons", and Wang Shizhen praised his literary talent in the "Yiyuan Jieyan", saying that "the simple and the law-abiding Boyu", because many people use Wang Daokun's writing as a practice, not a few.
However, in literature and art, Wang Daokun is not limited to the usual poetry and song endowment, but focuses on a broader space and pays attention to the economy of people's livelihood, and the 120 volumes of his "Taihan Collection" are of particular value for the study of recruitment and the study of economic history of the Ming Dynasty.
As one of the representative figures of Huishang, he actually tried his best to correct the name of the businessman in the book, that is, "Liangjia He Negative Hong Confucian", that is, according to the contribution to society, a conscientious businessman is no less than any erudite Hong Confucian.
China is an agrarian society, the social status of businessmen has always been very low, the basic national policy of "emphasizing agriculture and suppressing business" has always been followed by successive generations, and Li Bai even because he is a disciple of a businessman, he does not even have the qualifications for scientific examination, let alone wants to be an official and go to show his grand plans; therefore, Wang Daokun's view is a huge impact on the traditional idea of "official standard" in the process of social commercialization, which naturally attracts a round of criticism from everyone.
This is a fruitless debate, the social process is different, the role played by different people is not the same, at the time of famine, the value of a hongwen of Hongru is far less than that of a porridge shack set up by a merchant, but in the long run, without Sima Qian, China's history does not know how much to miss? This is not comparable to the role played by a businessman, and the two do not talk on the same channel.
It can only be said that Wang Daokun was from the perspective of Huishang and gave a brief description of the contradiction of an opposite side in a tendentious manner, which certainly has its limitations, and his pursuit of the ideal of "left Confucianism and right jia" is not universal, but his critical attitude toward the phenomenon of collusion between officials and businessmen at that time still has a certain practical significance.
As far as Wang Daokun himself is concerned, militarily, he is on a par with Qi Jiguang, and in literature, he is in cahoots with Wang Shizhen, and he not only achieves the unity of Confucianism and Shang, but also the body of chivalry and warriors, which is extremely rare among merchants in Chinese history, and even in the scribe group.
However, Wang Daokun's entry into the "History of Ming" is not a biography of characters with political influence, but is listed in the "Biography of Wenyuan", which is because his literary status is too high, and his "Dayatang Miscellaneous Drama" has a great influence on the history of Chinese opera, thus establishing his position in the theater industry.
Wang Daokun is proficient in music, at the time of the revival of Kunqu Opera, he is the leader of the southern miscellaneous drama writers group, has a high standard in the creation of opera, the production of miscellaneous drama is fresh and handsome, witty and colorful, great influence, there are five kinds of currently handed down, namely "Gao Tang Dream", "Five Lakes Tour", "Distant Mountain Drama", "Luoshui Sorrow", "Tang Ming Emperor Qixi Immortal Hall".
"Since Gao Tang was endowed, Chu Tianyun was full of doubts." "Gao Tang Dream" is one of the four dreams of Chinese drama, but also a cloud of chasing love in Chinese literature, Wang Daokun used his imagination to interpret the dream in his heart, its language is exquisite, the beauty of the artistic conception, can be called a masterpiece, so the Ming Dynasty's "Qu pin" is to list Wang Daokun's works as the top product, the original text is: "Wang Sima a generation of princes, a thousand autumn literary couples." The book "Daya Lefu" is a fresh and handsome voice, and the laughter is witty. ”
However, as an intellectual class, Yu Drama is only a pastime, but it is borrowed from ancient people such as Song Yu or Cao Zhi, "there are sharp people in the chest, so they borrow a long whistle to soothe their grievances", which is also a common form of intellectuals to vent their dissatisfaction.
This kind of drama is mostly a literati's affair in content, and it is much narrower in terms of subject matter, and it would be too difficult for him to expect him to reflect the people's livelihood and drum and shout for the people; but his works are beautiful in language, beautiful and euphemistic, and have a high artistic appreciation.
Han envoys pressed the curtain, how about Yuyang old?
Qianshan rebuked the officials of the material, and the Wanli Pavilion had many fierce soldiers;
The desert wind whistles and the white wolf river crosses the night of the ice;
Jiangdong's children are pioneers, and they still hear the night song of the moon.
Wang Daokun's poems are full of pride, no worldly fireworks, this one is his praise for the Yiwu disciples guarding the Great Wall, "Jimen", the poem is full of Han and Tang Dynasty border plugs, and also in the "Midnight Song", the trace of bitterness away from his hometown is expressed.
Hu Yinglin, a Ming Dynasty poet who had excavated Zhang Ruoxuan's "Spring River Flower Moon Night", had a very high evaluation of Wang Daokun's artistic talent, writing in his "Shi Xue":
"Wang Sima Boyu is famous for his articles, and he is especially deliberately poetry at the middle age. Five or seven words close to the body, brushed with lead, unique heavenly bones, male and deep and simple, Bi Lijia, Long Zizi, their own family, not the common eye is easy to recognize also. Its style is exquisite, the sentences are neat, the work of cutting and exercising, and there is almost no hatred for the dead, and those who are deeper than Shaoling should be self-satisfied. ”
Finally, a slightly novel statement, according to some people, he is the author of China's first strange book "Jin Ping Mei", that is, Lanling Xiaoxiaosheng is Wang Daokun.
In this regard, I have never studied, do not dare to speak indiscriminately, I have read a lot of examination articles, it seems to have a certain reason, but after all, it is speculative, not enough to rely on; such as the author of "Dream of the Red Chamber" for whom, there is no conclusion, the family's words, look at it, it is not true.
Guan Wang Daokun's life, from Huishang to Confucian, from a soldier to a hero, and then through chivalry and poetry, let the wind and clouds change without changing the old times, magnificent and pampered, he used his life to write a generation of legends.
Compared with Qi Jiguang, who fought side by side all his life, the reputation of the two is really not on the same channel, and today, when even Yue Fei is not recognized as a national hero, General Qi da is praised for his merits in resisting the Wu and being a proper national hero.
If you look at the final outcome, Qi Jiguang was later extremely poor, "smelling the disease and not thinking about the soup and medicine costs, and there were fewer and fewer after his death", and Wang Daokun was much better, he was the end of the old Lin Quan, leisurely and good.
However, Wang Daokun's lifelong meritorious deeds, works and other bodies, southeast coast, Sanping Wo; inspection of Jiliao, Yanshan Legong, articles with Wang Shizhen's equal name, martial arts and Qi Jiguang juxtaposed, such figures, how now almost unknown, I sigh for Wang Gong to the sky.