Socrates and his student Plato, as well as Plato's student Aristotle, are called the three sages of ancient Greece by later generations, which shows how great socrates socrates have made in education, and the three of them are also called the founders of Western philosophy, but such a great man did not get a good end in the decadent feudal society at that time, and he was eventually sentenced to death, because he was considered by the court of the time to insult the gods of Athens, and the new theory of the gods he introduced would corrupt the thinking of the young people at that time.
Such a verdict now seems rather ridiculous, making the youth more progressive has actually become the idea of the poisonous youth, although he finally has the opportunity to escape, but he still chooses to give up, even if his country does this to him, he still loves the country, he thinks that if he escapes, he will undermine the authority of Athenian law, and because of this feeling of family and country, he chooses to drink the poisoned juice and die.
<h1>learner</h1>
Socrates was born in Athens to a family of ordinary people, his father was a carver and his mother was a midwife, and his mother's occupation had a great influence on his later "midwifery" educational ideas.
Socrates' facial features are very upright, his lips are very fat, his eyes are very prominent, and his overall stature is very short, but under such an unobtrusive, even somewhat ugly appearance, there is a sacred heart hidden.
At that time, Athens could be called the center of exchange of world cultures. Socrates lived in a period that coincided with the heyday of Bethlehew, when famous and thoughtful people from all over the world were gathering in Athens, and it was precisely because there were so many wise men that Athens had a more free stage for debate, so to speak, if you want to communicate with people and discuss your own views, then going to Athens is the most suitable choice.
When he was young, Socrates was very fond of learning, he had an endless desire for knowledge, Socrates once studied from the famous scholar Protegra at that time, and later learned from the female sage Diotima, after which he said that he had a "spiritual sign" to follow. Socrates is very strict about his own life, he firmly believes that constantly honing his body, you can also hone your will, so no matter when, cold or hot, he only wears a very ordinary single coat, and does not wear shoes much, in terms of diet, as long as he can fill his stomach.
He believed that the material temptations in this world would make him unable to study what he wanted to learn, so he only concentrated on his own research, and everything else was not within his concern, and even his life and even thoughts were recorded by his disciples.
This kind of thinking of his also guided countless people in later generations, and Socrates once said:
The most precious thing in the world is not "not to get" and "to lose", but to be able to grasp the happiness that can be grasped now.
If you are an Athenian contemporary, you will find that whenever you see this great man, you can feel that he is truly living in happiness, and this state of thought is really admirable.
<h1>midwifery</h1>
The greatness of Socrates is also that he is a man who really acquires a lot of knowledge through his own learning, he has studied homer's epic poems deeply through his own continuous efforts, and learned his father's carving skills, and at the age of 30, he became a teacher without any remuneration. Socrates was very satisfied with his various deeds, he proclaimed himself a gift from God to the whole of Athens, for Socrates, the meaning of life is to discuss problems with people, his life is almost always outdoors, in the street to meet people to explore various problems, his involvement is very extensive, not only in political philosophy to learn, even in the life skills of ordinary people, he has no lack of interest in learning.
Slowly, in the continuous conversation, he realized a truth, all people are ignorant people, if you want to let a person learn, then you must let him understand how ignorant he is, how incompetent he is, and then stimulate them in such an extreme way, want to constantly be angry and strong, this is the famous model of midwifery education, laying a solid foundation for the whole pedagogy of later generations.
Socrates said:
"My mother was a midwife, I wanted to follow in her footsteps, I was a spiritual midwife, helping others generate their own thoughts."
Socrates believes that people are very painful when they acquire new knowledge and new ideas, if a pregnant woman is very likely to encounter danger when giving birth to a child, then there is a high probability of encountering danger, which is the same as people gaining new knowledge, if they are not correctly guided by people when they produce new ideas, then he is very easy to cause his own spiritual death at a certain time, and the external manifestation of spiritual death is to embark on an evil road, he compares himself to a midwife, This means that he wants to guide all teenagers to have the right thoughts, even if this process will make them very painful.
It can also be seen from this that at this time Socrates very religiously defined the meaning of the teacher.
We all know that the cattle are a pest, they suck the blood of livestock, endangering the life and health of livestock, but Socrates likened himself to a cattle fly, because he believes that he is a gift from God to Athens, then it is necessary and obliged to make Athens better, Athens is a horse, but now eat more indigestion, the whole becomes obese, it can't run, then at this time there must be a oxfly to stimulate him, Socrates constantly criticizes Athens, He regarded the criticism of Athens as his career, and he knew that as a cattle fly, there were countless normal people who wanted to let themselves die, but in the face of such a situation, he still refused to die, hoping that his country would become better.
So you see, even if Socrates is a rogue, he is a holy rogue.
<h1>Love wisdom</h1>
It is precisely because of all the sacred deeds of Socrates that he gradually became a well-known wise man, and in the face of such a life, Socrates felt very happy and very satisfied, because he was able to discuss problems with other wise people every day, and Socrates' main contribution was in ethics, pedagogy, and political ideas and deeds.
Socrates always reminded the people around him that everything has a reason, and when we live, we must live a reasonable life, and he expresses philosophy, a very difficult to understand discipline, in simple language, that is, "love wisdom".
He promoted this view all his life- that one must know how ignorant one is, and a quote from Socrates also points out what one's greatest wisdom is: to know one's own ignorance is to be the greatest wisdom.
I only know one thing, and that is that I don't know anything.
He was a very honest man, but also an extremely humble man, he was proud of himself all the time, and the reason for his pride was his ignorance, he was always sending this message to people, people should admit that they know very little, there are many things that are unknown in this world.
Socrates is not a simple literati, he not only has great achievements in the series of words of political philosophy, he has joined the army three times in his life, and he has shown great tenacity in every battle, which is why people admire him.
<h1>God of innovation</h1>
Athens blindly developed culture and did not develop the military, the consequence was to be flattened by the Spartans, although Athens also tried to resist, but in desperation, or accepted the conquerors from Sparta, from then on Athens, it is impossible to restore the former prosperity.
Socrates saw the chaos that followed, and he made up his mind to change the current social situation, believing that the reason why Athens fell was that he did not do well enough, and he wanted to find out what the real cause of the city was. Socrates saw through the gods that people believed in at that time, in fact, could not provide people with useful help, he understood that people believe in gods is to find a spiritual sustenance for themselves, then, if there is a benign thought that can guide people, is not it better?
So he introduced a new god, this god is a moral life, a wise life, a symbol of all reason, he called this god the god of cosmic reason, this god is also the pursuit of Socrates's life, he understood that as a human being with limited life, he can never lead the world to the step of "reason", so he pinned such a good wish on this god created by his own hands.
This one deity, this ideal, is the ultimate pursuit of goodness, and Socrates believed that the ultimate meaning of philosophy is to pursue the ultimate goodness. In his new deity thought, the reason why human beings can have love and reason is because human beings have been favored by this one god, and human reason and goodness are actually part of the divine nature, and the ultimate essence of the soul is reason and goodness.
At the same time, in the thought of this new God, he still does not forget to always warn people of the argument that human beings must understand how ignorant they are, so in the thought of the new God he always emphasizes that people pay attention, although you have reason, you have wisdom, but your little wisdom can not be compared with the gods.
Therefore, such a new idea has become a teaching of human beings' ignorance of themselves from the side. Such acts of Socrates also led him to be sentenced by the Athenian rulers who were then reverted to slave-owning democracy for a series of ridiculous and unwarranted crimes, such as contempt for traditional gods, the introduction of new gods, and corruption of the youth of the time, and he was eventually sentenced to death.
Socrates loved his homeland very much, and he also had great reverence for the gods, he was a firm believer, he believed that he could not let the laws of Athens lose their impartiality, lose their authority, and fall into this fate, it must be because he had done something wrong, and at the same time, if he was about to face death, then he could not resist, because this was the call of the gods to himself, and since the gods were calling themselves, then why should they resist death?
There are many people who laugh at him, laugh at his obsession, laugh at his stubbornness, laugh at his ignorance of people's hearts, laugh at him like a fool, but only such a person can be called a great man, and great people and ordinary people are different.
The whole process of judging Socrates is very tragic, on the one hand is the great man who pursues the truth, who has not constantly pursued knowledge all his life, who has constantly tried to make the whole country better, but on the other side is the so-called democratic and free Ruler of Athens. It is not so obvious who is right and who is wrong on both sides, and for the Ruler of Athens, such a man who preaches his ideas cannot be left behind, for he is very likely to bring terrible changes to the entire city-state.
No ruler was willing to accept change, stability and stability were what Athens needed at that time, and for such a great man, he did not do anything wrong, he wanted to improve the world in his own way, and it was precisely because of this struggle that there was no right or wrong that the whole event became more tragic.
<h1>epilogue:</h1>
Whether before or after his death, there are many people who follow Socrates' steps, and there are also a large number of people who oppose his ideas, which also shows the greatness of Socrates.
He was a philosopher, the essence of philosophy lies in debate, and in the years after his death, there were still debates and discussions for his ideas, and it can be said that he laid an indelible influence on the philosophy of later generations. His actions and languages were not recorded by himself, but were recorded by his student Plato and passed down to the world, and perhaps for this reason, Socrates' actions and ideas are one of the most discussable topics in academia.
Socrates was a brave man and a wise man, a gift from the gods to Athens, as he himself put it, fearless and fearless, who gave his life for the whole country, who had the opportunity to escape, but still chose to die, and the reason was to maintain the authority of the laws of the country that wanted to kill him.
In the face of death, he did not have the slightest fear, quietly and slowly lay down in front of the bed, and went to the land of death with a smile.
Socrates is a divine man who pursues truth until his death, in the position of history, the Western Socrates can almost parallel to the Eastern Confucius, at the same time, philosophers and historians, socrates, the era in which Socrates lived as the watershed of ancient Greek philosophy, which shows the greatness of Socrates. Socrates really did as he himself said:
Those who want to influence the world must first be able to influence themselves.
References: Selected Works of Plato, Chrysillos, Wise Men