1. Li Yuanhao was called emperor, the name of the country was Great Xia, and Western Xia was established
On this day, 983 years ago, on October 11, 1038 (September 11, 1038 in the lunar calendar), Li Yuanhao was proclaimed emperor, and the state name was Bactria and Western Xia was established.
On October 11, 1038, Li Yuanhao was proclaimed emperor, and the state name was Bactria and Western Xia was established.
Xia Jingzong, founding emperor of Western Xia (reigned 1038–1048). Son of Li Deming, King of Western Xia. The small character 嵬理 was renamed 曩霄. He called the emperor changing the surname given by the Tang and Song dynasties, and called himself the Qingtianzi, the so-called Wu pawn. He was rewarded by the Song Dynasty, and was envoyed by the Difficult Army to attack the King of Xiping. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the party program developed rapidly, and all aspects of society were relatively mature, so he adapted to the needs of development and established the national summer state of the party item.
During his reign, he continued to fight against the Song, Tubo, and Uighurs, winning successive victories and expanding and establishing the territory of Xia. Many policies favorable to the development of Xia were implemented, advocating agricultural production and paying attention to the production and development of handicrafts, especially the iron smelting industry. Emphasizing the customs and habits of the party, he once ordered the residents to go bald in accordance with the original customs of the Qiang people, forbade blind study of the Han custom of tying their hair, ordered the abandonment of the surname of Li Zhao given by the Tang and Song dynasties, and replaced it with the name of the party item; and also removed the title given by the Song and called the head of the party Xiang Yu and established their own era name.
2. Sima Guang, a politician and historian of the Northern Song Dynasty, died
On this day, 935 years ago, on October 11, 1086 (September 1, 1086 in the lunar calendar), sima Guang, a politician and historian of the Northern Song Dynasty, died.
Sima Guang (1019 – October 11, 1086) was a famous politician, historian and essayist during the Northern Song Dynasty. In the Northern Song Dynasty, he was a native of Shuishui Township, Xia County, Shaanzhou (northeast of present-day Anyi Town, Yuncheng, Shanxi), and was of Han ethnicity. Born in Guangshan County, Henan Province, the character Junshi, the number of the pedantic, the world known as Mr. Shushui. Sima Guang has been fond of learning since childhood, and he is particularly fond of the "Spring and Autumn Zuo Clan Biography".
Sima Guang's major achievements are reflected in academics. Among them, the greatest contribution is to preside over the compilation of the Zizhi Tongjian. The Zizhi Tongjian is the largest chronicle in China, with a total of 294 volumes, covering ancient and modern times, starting from the early Warring States period of Han, Zhao, and Wei divided into Jin (403 BC), and until the end of the five dynasties (Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, And Later Zhou) Before the fall of Zhao Kuangyin (Song Taizu) before the fall of Hou Zhou (959 AD), 1,362 years. The author records these thirteen hundred and sixty-two years of historical facts in the order of the times, with the years and months as the scripture and the historical facts as the weft, and records them in order; the causes and consequences of major historical events are clearly explained and clearly related to all aspects, so that the reader can clearly understand the development of historical facts.
Sima Guang is very clever, and the story of Sima Guang smashing the cylinder is familiar to us, and we know that such a wise person will take nineteen years to write a "Zizhi Tongjian"!
Historically, Sima Guang was enshrined as one of the Three Noble Fathers of Confucianism (the other two being Confucius and Mencius).
3. The Western Xia chancellor Ren Dejing failed to divide the country
On 851 years ago today, on October 11, 1170 (August 30, 1170 in the lunar calendar), the Western Xia chancellor Ren Dejing failed to divide the country.
Ren Dejing (?-1170.10.11) was a chancellor of Western Xia. It was originally the Song Dynasty Xi'an Prefecture (Present-day Xi'an Prefecture, northwest of Haiyuan County, Ningxia). In the seventh year of Yuan De (1126), Xia sent troops to invade and occupy the Northern Song Dynasty's Xi'an Prefecture, and paid tribute to his daughter Li Qianshun of The Western Xia Chongzong. He was demoted to the defense of Jingzhou (jingzhou, northeast of present-day Yongning County, Ningxia). She and her daughter were made empress in 1138 and raised the capital to unify the army. Emperor Renzong of Western Xia (courtesy name Li Renxiao, born to Consort Cao of Emperor Chongzong Li Qianshun) ascended the throne, and he led an army to suppress the rebellion of Xiao Heda, and in the fourth year (1143) of the Duke of Xiping, he led an army to suppress the rebels. After the Tiansheng year (1149), he served as Shangshu Ling and Zhongshu Ling. In the past eight years, he became the minister of state and gradually gained the military and political power of the Western Xia. In the first year of Qianyou (1170), Emperor Renzong was forced to divide half of the territory of the Xia Kingdom under his rule, and on August 30 of that year, he planned to kill Emperor Renzong.
4. The British physicist Joule died
On this day, 132 years ago, on October 11, 1889 (September 17, 1889 in the lunar calendar), the British physicist Joule died.
Joule was born on 24 December 1818 and was a 19th-century British physicist. He never went to school since he was a child, and at a young age he tried to teach himself chemistry and physics, spending all his time studying and experimenting. Later, Joule had the opportunity to get acquainted with the chemist Dalton at that time, so he worshiped Dalton as a teacher, humbly asked for advice, and the benefits were great.
At a meeting of the British Scientific Association in Oxford in 1847, Joule again promoted his theory, an indomitable experimenter, in the face of skepticism and indignation, firmly claiming that various forms of energy could be quantitatively transformed into each other. In 1852, Joule and Kelvin collaborated to discover the famous Thomson (i.e., Kelvin)-Joule effect. This is an effect on the expansion and cooling of gases after being pressurized through a narrow hole, which provides an effective cooling method for modern cryogenic engineering.
It was not until 1850 that many scientists from different ways of obtaining the law of conservation and transformation of energy in different ways announced the same conclusions as Joule, and everything Joule did was recognized by everyone. In 1850 Joule became a fellow of the Royal Society.
Joule died on October 11, 1889, and in his honor, the unit of work and energy was designated as "Joule" in the International System of Units.
5. Li Hongzhang began difficult negotiations with the Eight-Power Alliance
On 121 years ago today, on October 11, 1900 (August 18, 1900 in the lunar calendar), Li Hongzhang began difficult negotiations with the Eight-Power Alliance.
On October 11, 1900, Li Hongzhang arrived in Beijing under the escort of a hundred Russian soldiers, Yuxian liang Temple. As soon as he got off the bus, he issued an edict to Tingyong informing him that the coalition forces would sail to Baoding, "Pray to the soldiers strictly, do not use force to provoke lightly", and "you can send Benmu to hold the white flag to greet you". At the same time, he visited Hurd and the ministers of various countries. Hurd has drawn up a special treaty of 4 articles a few days ago to wait for Li Hongzhang. Article 4 reads: "First, China considers itself to be a grave mistake in besieging the embassy, and promises that such a thing will not happen again." 2. For all the matters and paragraphs that should be compensated this time, China shall admit compensation to the whole Bank, and the countries shall send personnel to find out and issue the bills and send them to the bank. 3. In the future, trade negotiations shall be handled by each country on a choice of how to handle them, and China shall follow suit. (4) The special treaty established shall be the general program of passage between China and each country, and the other countries shall divide the matter into a certain country in detail by each country. ”
6. Ace female spy Marta Harley was shot
On this day, 104 years ago, on October 11, 1917 (August 26, 1917 in the lunar calendar), the ace female spy Marta Harley was shot.
Marta Harley was once the pride of Paris
On October 11, 1917, the most important female spy of the 20th century was shot.
Marta Halley is the daughter of a successful hatmaker. Her real name is Margaretha Kiltrieda Gerry. Her dance, called the Seven Veils, was a huge success, but her espionage career was even more successful than hers, and thanks to her, France lost hundreds of thousands more in World War I. On 11 October 1917, she was shot for espionage in the Forest of Visena, France.
7. Mao Zedong was dismissed from his post by the Central Bureau of the Soviet Union
On this day, 89 years ago, on October 11, 1932 (September 12, 1932 in the lunar calendar), Mao Zedong was dismissed from his post by the Central Bureau of the Soviet Union.
On October 11, 1932, the Central Bureau of the Communist Party of China held a plenary meeting of the Central Bureau in Ningdu. The meeting decided to immediately and urgently mobilize and take positive and rapid action, and before the Kuomintang completed the encirclement, the main Red Army would first attack in the northward direction, selecting the enemy's weak points to break through each one, in order to crush the large-scale offensive of the Kuomintang army.
In the course of the meeting, the members of the Central Bureau in the rear criticized the comrades in the front for "showing insufficient estimation of the victory of the revolution and the strength of the Red Army, and put forward the proposition of centering on preparations", stressed the need to strike in a timely and ruthless manner against this "main danger of right-leaning who is dedicated to waiting for the enemy to attack", criticized Mao Zedong in a concentrated manner, and proposed that Mao Zedong be recalled to the rear and take full responsibility for the work of the central government, while Zhou Enlai was responsible for the overall responsibility of the war leadership.
8. The Battle of the Songhu Front broke out
On this day, 84 years ago, on October 11, 1937 (September 8, 1937 in the lunar calendar), the Battle of the Songhu Front broke out.
In October, the Japanese Air Force continued to bomb Shanghai
On October 11, 1937, after the Japanese army broke through the first line of defense of the Chinese defenders in the Songhu Battlefield, a large battle was launched. Relying on the cover of chariots and superior artillery fire, the Japanese army crossed the Suzhou River from the north bank of the Yunzaobang, and the main force of the Chinese defenders' left wing corps and the central corps formed a circular defense with Dachang as the core. The Japanese formed a horseshoe-shaped encirclement of the Chinese defenders. The Chinese army stubbornly resisted the Japanese army, fiercely fighting for several days and nights, and inflicting a large number of casualties on the enemy.
9. The Japanese army surrounded Guilin
On this day, 77 years ago, on October 11, 1944 (August 25, 1944 in the lunar calendar), the Japanese army surrounded Guilin.
Downtown Guilin was blown up by the Japanese aircraft
In October 1944, after the establishment of the Sixth Front of the Japanese Army, it stepped up its attack on Guangxi. On October 11, the Japanese 11th Army captured northeastern Guangxi. In the second half of the month, a large-scale attack began, with 6 divisions advancing south along the Xianggui Line and 2 divisions attacking in the direction of Liuzhou. In order to resist the Japanese attack, the Kuomintang authorities concentrated more than 20 divisions in the Fourth Theater of Operations to organize defenses centered on Liuzhou. On the 28th, the Japanese army surrounded Guilin and bypassed Guilin with 2 divisions and went straight to Liuzhou.
10. The world's largest telescope was built in the United Kingdom
64 years ago today, on October 11, 1957 (August 18, 1957 in the lunar calendar), the world's largest telescope was built in the United Kingdom.
On October 11, 1957, the world's largest radio telescope was built on the banks of the Yodrell River in The United Kingdom. It was completed earlier than originally planned to track the first Soviet satellite launched the week before.
11. Khrushchev stepped down
On this day, 57 years ago, on October 11, 1964 (September 6, 1964 in the lunar calendar), Khrushchev stepped down.
Controversial former Soviet leader Khrushchev (1894-1971)
On October 11, 1964, the Presidium of the Central Committee of the COMMUNIST Party of the Soviet Union convened a meeting to discuss the replacement of Khrushchev. The National Security Council took special security measures against Khrushchev, isolating Khrushchev from the beginning of the initial preparatory meeting until the final resolution was adopted on the 14th.
At the 1960 United Nations General Assembly, Khrushchev (sitting next to him was Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko) published his famous "Let imperialism go to hell!" His speech was notorious in the West for his perverse behavior and unobstructed attacks. He even took off his shoes in public at the UnIPO and slammed them on the podium.
12. The first international auction in New China opened the gavel
On this day, 29 years ago, on October 11, 1992 (September 16, 1992 in the lunar calendar), the first international auction in New China was opened.
92 Beijing International Auction Site
On June 10, 1992, Beijing Advertising Agency, Beijing Auction Market, Beijing Foreign Cultural Relics Exchange Center and Dutch International Trade Consulting Company announced that China's first international auction will be jointly held in Beijing from October 11 to 14, auctioning 8 categories of Chinese porcelain, gold, silver and bronze, jewelry and jade, wooden clocks, calligraphy and painting philatelic products, textiles, cigarette pots, automobiles and other 8 categories, a total of 2189 pieces (sets) of goods.
At 10:25 a.m. on October 11, the Century Theater of the 21st Century Hotel in Beijing, the '92 Beijing International Auction, sounded the first hammer here. The main hammer was Hu Wenqi, known as the "first hammer in Hong Kong". The controversy sparked by the auction is far beyond people's imagination.
13. China has entered the ranks of "middle-income countries"
On 23 years ago today, on October 11, 1998 (August 21, 1998 in the lunar calendar), China entered the ranks of "middle-income countries".
October 11, 1998, according to the latest statistics released by the World Bank on that day. In terms of per capita GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, in 1997 China took off the hat of "low-income country" for the first time and entered the ranks of "middle-income countries".
14. The Standardization Administration of the People's Republic of China was established
On 20 years ago today, October 11, 2001 (August 25, 2001 in the lunar calendar), the National Standardization Administration was established.
On October 11, 2001, the State Standardization Administration was established in Beijing, and Wu Yi, alternate member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and state councilor, congratulated the establishment of the State Standards Commission on behalf of the State Council and made an important speech. She pointed out that by strengthening the work of the National Standards Committee, it is necessary to give better play to the role of standardization in the technical foundation of China's economic and social development, and promote the improvement of the overall level of quality in our country. At the same time, we should actively face the challenges brought about by China's accession to the WTO, strive to adapt to the new environment, and promote the sustained, rapid, and healthy development of China's economy.
15. Chinese writer Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in Literature
Nine years ago today, on October 11, 2012 (August 26, 2012 in the lunar calendar), Chinese writer Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
At 19:00 on October 11, 2012, Mo Yan won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature, becoming the first Chinese writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, creating a precedent for China's awards in this world.
Mo Yan won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel Frog. The novel tells the background of the ups and downs of rural fertility history in the People's Republic of China in the past 60 years, and truly reflects the difficult implementation process of the national family planning policy in Gaomi Northeast Township;
Through the narration of the life experience of Wan Xin, a rural female doctor who has been engaged in gynecology for more than 50 years. While vividly describing the arduous and complex historical process of the state in implementing the national policy of family planning in order to control the drastic growth of the population, it has successfully created a vivid and vivid and touching image of rural gynecologists.
Ma Yueran, a famous Swedish sinologist and final jury member of the Nobel Prize in Literature, commented on Mo Yan: "Mo Yan is very good at telling stories, too good at telling stories. His novels are all very long, except for "Nine Paragraphs of Mo Yan's Novel" published in Shanghai Literature. "I feel like he's written too much, and his book would be better if it were half as thick as it is now." He also personally said to Mo Yan: "Your novel is too long, you have written too much." Mo Yan replied humorously: "I know, but because I am very good at telling stories, as long as I start, I can't finish telling them." ”
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2012 was awarded to Mo Yan "who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary".
Representative works: "Red Sorghum", "Herbivorous Family", "Wine Country", "Fat Buttocks", "Mangrove Forest", "Sandalwood Punishment", "Forty-one Cannons", "Life and Death Fatigue", "Frog".
Mo Yanyin is known as a writer of "root-seeking literature" because of a series of local works full of complex emotions of "nostalgia" and "resentment". According to incomplete statistics, Mo Yan's works have been translated into at least 40 languages.