In the past, there was a "Monument to Mr. Wang Jing'an of Haining" in the Tsinghua Garden in Beijing, and the inscription was written by Chen Yinke. Mr. Guo Wei, Wang Jing'an of Haining, has been dead for fifty-five years. On June 2, the sixteenth year of the Republic of China (1927 AD), he sank in the Kunming Lake in front of the Anlan Hall of the Summer Palace, and on his deathbed, he left only four sentences of "fifty years, only one death, after this incident, there is no further humiliation", not to mention no other will, a generation of scholars, so mysteriously committed suicide.
According to Ding Wenjiang's Compilation of Liang Qichao's Chronicles, Ren Gong wrote to Liang Lingxian on June 16 of that year:
"I left Tsinghua on the third day of the first month of this month, I wanted to return to Tianjin immediately, and the next day I got the bad news of Mr. Wang Jing'an's suicide, and I ran back to Tsinghua to take care of his aftermath and the unfinished end of the research institute, and did not return to Tianjin until the eighth day of the first year." It's been a week now. Mr. Jing'an's motive for suicide, as stated in his will... His pessimism about the current situation is extremely profound, and the latest stimulus was shot by the two lakes scholars Ye Dehui and Wang Baoxinzhi. Ye Pingri is not self-loving (but his learning is very good), and it can also be said that he has a way to take himself, Wang Baoxin is a seventy-year-old old gentleman... Death to the place of death, Jing Gong deep pain, so the effect of Qu Zi sinking into the abyss, a blind look. This method of public administration is extremely deep and dense, only fifty-one years old this year, and if it is extended for another ten years, it will be invented by the Chinese academic community, and it should be unlimited.
At this time, Liang Rengong was the head of the Institute of Chinese Studies of Tsinghua University, and Wang Jing'an was the tutor. The cause of his death is well remembered. And while people are sorry and sad, they can't help but think about the cause of his death. Some even say that Luo Zhenyu plagiarized his manuscript, some say that Luo Zhenyu owes him money and does not pay it back, and so on, always pulling Wang Guowei's death to Luo Zhenyu, or attributing Wang Guowei's death to money, but rarely analyzing the cause of his death from the perspective of personality, belief, academic theory, and politics, so it is inevitable that the itching of the boots will be scratched.
When Mr. Jing'an died, he was teaching at the Tsinghua Institute of Chinese Studies, and in addition to the dean Liang Qichao, there were Chen Yinke, Wu Mi, and Mr. Zhao Yuanren, who died in the United States. After the death of Mr. Jing'an, Mr. Chen Yinke wrote an elegy with a note:
"Jia Zi, Feng (according to: referring to Feng Yuxiang) soldiers forced the palace, Ke, Luo, and Wang Yue died without success, and Feng Bu sent Han Fuyu to Yanjiao, so Mr. Feng's suicide note said 'righteousness is no longer insulting', which means this. The Old Testament sank to Kunming Lake, while Ke and Luo did not die. The Yu poem 'Yue Jia should not be ashamed of justice,' refers to this statement. ”
Forcing the palace refers to driving Puyi out of the Forbidden City. Ke and Luo are Ke Shaochen and Luo Zhenyu, that is, the three people who met together committed suicide in the Qing Dynasty, and the other two people just sang the high-key of the widow and did not want to really die, while Mr. Jing'an really learned Qu Yuan's appearance and jumped to Kunming Lake to die. The date is two days earlier than the Dragon Boat Festival. As soon as he died, some people who surrounded Puyi and prepared to become a great official again made a big fuss about him, saying that he died for the Qing Dynasty, asking him to be deposed, and asking Puyi, who lived in Zhangyuan in the Japanese Concession of Tianjin, to make him a "loyal duke", and sent Peizi Puxin to sacrifice, and the bounty was two thousand yuan. It seems that with him doing things, Puyi can really be the Xuantong Emperor again, how can he understand his thoughts and beliefs?
In fact, he did not serve as a high-ranking official in the Qing Dynasty, nor did he have a meritorious name, but was just a staff member of the Academy at the end of the Qing Dynasty. In a 1912 letter written in Japan to Toroo Suzuki:
(The Summer Palace Words called the award too real and very ashamed.) As for the fate of the people of the whole country, rather than the cause of the illness and the results of its suffering, there are still more sad people who are intended to be sent to the "Crusades of the East" ..."
The letter does not call "imperial court" and other words, but directly calls it "Jue Luo's surname", which shows that he does not consider himself to be an old man. It seems that there is a democratic idea of worrying about the country and the people, and more than ten years later, walking in Puyi's inner court, he wrote a letter to a friend with a left "up" and a "straight person" on the right, and the best thing was to write a letter to Shanghai Jiang Ruzao, solemnly borrowing a "yarn python", saying that the princess had a birthday and paid homage to the princess. After receiving it, he also said "feel the burden". It is hard to imagine such a learned man putting on a python robe and prostrating himself on the knees of an old woman in the official, almost becoming a figure in a burlesque play. Compared with Liang Rengong at the same time, he felt that his ideological realm was very different.
When he committed suicide by jumping into Kunming Lake, there were still many officials and children of the Qing Dynasty, large and small, while other princes and ministers were still alive, eating, drinking and having fun in the courtyard of the deep house in Beijing, in the concessions of Tianjin and Shanghai, and no one died, but only he died. Many people regretted his stupidity and felt that he was too guilty. As soon as Mr. Jing'an died, it became a good poem for some of the widows, and Zhou Shanpei of Zhejiang Zhuji wrote in a poem entitled "Wang Jing'an's Martyrdom in Kunming Lake for Poetry and Mourning": "Entering the earth and asking for heaven's comfort, how can the Ten Dynasties treat the soldiers like this?" "It seems that the Qing Dynasty is really too good to read people, so Wang Jing'an jumped into the lake and was martyred." People can't help but ask: What about yourself? How to calculate the accounts of the Bloody Literal Prison of the Qing Dynasty? It's inexplicable!
Another important factor in his pessimistic and world-weary mentality was that his eldest son (Luo Zhenyu's son-in-law) Wang Qianming died in Shanghai on August 20, 1926. The daughter-in-law has an opinion with him. The pain of losing a child, coupled with family discord, naturally causes a lot of pressure on his psychology.
As soon as Mr. Jing'an died, many people wrote elegy poems, and even Ke Shaochen, an old man who died with him but did not die, also wrote a poem of sentimental sorrow:
"Three thousand things in the calendar are all in one volume of poetry. Qin Ting Fang refers to deer, jiangzhu mo burn rhinoceros. Guan FengJun Wu Chen, Tang Yu I know. The article is scattered, and this meaning is not phosphorus. ”
"Guan and Feng" refers to Guan Ning and Bing Yuan at the end of the Han Dynasty, who were all figures who avoided chaos and lived in seclusion at the end of the Han Dynasty; "no phosphorus Zi" is not thin and black, and the meaning of sorrow and pity has not changed. Ke Fengsun mourned Wang Jing'an, did not pull him to "martyrdom", death for the Qing Dynasty, etc., this is the cleverness of the director of the Qing History Museum, he just sighed that "the article is scattered", from this point of lamenting the death of Wang Guowei, more or less a little bit of side.
Because Mr. Jing'an, in any way, he was always a scholar, not an official of the Qing Dynasty. He was born in the third year of Guangxu, that is, in 1877. After studying, I did not go to the examination, but later entered the school. Around 1900, he studied at the Shanghai Eastern Literature Society, learning Japanese language and Western scientific knowledge, and went to Japan to study in 1901 and entered the Tokyo Physics School. In 1903, he taught at Nantong Normal School and Suzhou Normal School, teaching psychology, ethics, and philosophy. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu, through Luo Zhenyuzhisuke, he went to Beijing and walked in the General Affairs Department of the Faculty. At that time, the Qing government system had been reformed, and Zhang Zhidong served as the minister of military aircraft and the head of the academy, and many scholars were recruited in the academy. Mr. Jing'an went to the Beijing Normal Library as a compiler, and later coordinated the terminology library. This was a position held in the Qing Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, there were "officials" and "errands", and the small foreign officials such as dianshi and county officials, and the internal officials such as the chief minister, Langzhong, and so on, no matter how small they were, they also had a "title". Errands are concrete work.
Strictly speaking, his appointment is only an "errand", and he is not enough to be an "official". It was not until 1923 that he accepted Puyi's false instructions: to walk in the South Study and eat five pins. It seems to have been cleared up. But it was the twelfth year after the fall of the Qing Dynasty. After more than a year, Puyi was expelled from the Forbidden City. His five-pint is actually a rag that can't even catch up with the goods. His scholarly talent was enough to compare with his fellow countrymen, Zha Shenxing, who walked in the Southern Study during the Kangxi Dynasty, but the era was too far apart. Mr. Jing An is a very shrewd person, how could he not understand this? However, it is also fortunate that he died early, otherwise he may have run to "Manchukuo" and had a more tragic situation of being discredited, which would be even more hated for eternity.
Not long before his death, when the flowers were blooming in Qinghua Garden, the Xiang people Zhang Gutong (Shi Zhao) and the Shu people Cao Fu (Jing Yuan) went to Qinghua to see him. After death, the elegy begins with a sentence cloud: "When hurriedly holding hands to remember flowers, the dangerous words are the most poignant." "You can also imagine the state of his thinking at that time." Mr. Zhang Xingyan died for many years, but unfortunately he did not write a little memory of Wang Jing'an before his death. Chen Yinke has a long poem on the Temple of Salvation, and the preface is well regarded as a cultural theory of the cause of death. Now that the "HanLiutang Collection" has been published, readers can read it, and there is no need to repeat it.
About author:Deng Yunxiang, scientific name Deng Yunjun (1924.8.28---- 1999.2.9) is a native of Donghenan Town, Lingqiu, Shanxi Province. The elder of the Shanghai Red Academy, together with Wei Shaochang, Xu Gongshi and Xu Fuming, is known as the Four Elders of Shanghai Red Studies. As a teenager, he studied at Xicheng Middle School in Beijing, Normal University and private Chinese university. He graduated from the Department of Chinese of Peking University in 1947. He has taught at Shanxi Datong Middle School and Tianjin Middle School. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he worked in the Central Fuel Industry Department in Beijing. Since October 1953, he has been teaching at Suzhou Electric School and Nanjing Electric School. In January 1956, he taught at Shanghai Electric Power Institute until his retirement in 1993.