Datong City, known as Pingcheng and Yunzhong in ancient times, is a prefecture-level city in Shanxi Province, located in the north of Shanxi Province, the throat of Jin, Hebei and Inner Mongolia, and is a place where soldiers and families must fight for generations, and is known as the "key to the north". Datong City covers an area of 14,056 square kilometers and administers 4 districts and 6 counties. Datong has a long history, with more than 2,400 years of city history and more than 2,300 years of administrative structure history, known as "three generations of Beijing, two dynasties of important towns"; the Northern Wei Dynasty is the most prosperous period of Datong, but also a very important node in Chinese history, as Yu Qiuyu wrote in the Yungang Grottoes inscription stone stele said: "China thus moved towards the Tang Dynasty."
(1) Datong is one of the nine ancient capitals of China and one of the first 24 historical and cultural cities.
(2) Datong is known as "three generations of Jinghua, two dynasties of important towns", and the three generations of Jinghua refer to the capital of Northern Wei, the capital of Liao, and Jin.
(3) Datong is known as the "land of empresses" in history, with at least 26 empresses and 9 concubines, the three empresses of the Northern Zhou Dynasty Dugu Xin, and the five generations of Li Keyong, Shi Jingyao, Li Congke, and Liu Zhiyuan all came from Datong; folk also circulated "Jizhou City Wall, Xuanfu School Yard, Datong Mother-in-law", that is, what later people called "Nine Sides and Three Absolutes", of which "Datong Mother-in-law" is used to praise the local beauty.
(4) In the late Spring and Autumn Period, the daiguo was built by "Bai Di", which held parts of the present-day Datong Basin and Zhangjiakou; in the first year of Zhao Xiangzi (475 BC), Zhao Xiangzi, dressed in filial piety, beat his brother-in-law, Daiwang, to death at the banquet with a copper spoon for pouring wine, and occupied the daiguo, and from then on, the Datong region belonged to the political and cultural territory of the Central Plains.
(5) In the thirteenth year of Zhao Xianzi (411 BC), Zhao Xianzi built "Pingyi" in the territory of present-day Datong County, which was the beginning of the founding of Datong City.
(6) Hu Fu, the king of Wuling of Zhao, rode and shot, and in 300 BC, Yunzhong, Yanmen, and Dai Commandery, Datong belonged to Dai Commandery and Yanmen County, and Li Mu, one of the "Four Famous Generals of the Warring States", guarded the town, which was the beginning of the administrative management of Datong; at that time, the cities at that time included Pingyi (in present-day Yunzhou District), Xincheng (southwest of present-day Shuozhou City), Yanling (in present-day Zhen County), Pingshu (in present-day Guangling County), Wuzhou Sai (in present-day Zuoyun County), and Pingcheng (in present-day Datong Pingcheng District).
(7) Due to the issue of succession to the throne, King Wuling of Zhao was "killed by the emperor" by his second son King Huiwen of Zhao in the fourth year (295 BC), starved to death in the palace, and was buried in present-day Lingqiu County; the name "Lingqiu" is derived from the tomb of King Wuling of Zhao, where Han Gaozu built a city and set up a county in the eleventh year (196 BC) to commemorate a generation of Ming emperors.
(8) In the sixth year of Han Gaozu (201 BC), Liu Bang set up the DaiGuo, successively sent his brothers and sons to guard the town, and the early daiguo had a large territory, with four counties of Dai County, Yanmen, Dingxiang, and Taiyuan, and Datong was divided into Dai County and Yanmen County.
(9) The Siege of Baideng occurred in Datong; in the seventh year of Han Gaozu (200 BC), Han Wangxin colluded with the Xiongnu to rebel, Liu Bang led 320,000 Han troops to march in person, and the Chinese Xiongnu lured troops, trapped in Baishan Mountain (mapu Mountain, northeast of present-day Datong City) for seven days and seven nights, and then used Chen Pingji to get out of the trap.
(10) The Northern Wei Dynasty was founded in Shengle, founded in Pingcheng, and flourished in Luoyang; in 398, The Northern Wei Tuoba Jue moved from Shengle (present-day Hohhot and Linger County) to the capital of Pingcheng (present-day Datong) and changed his name to Emperor, that is, Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei, which was the first time that Datong was the capital.
(11) During the reign of Emperor Kai of Sui, Datong City was built in the former banner of present-day Urat, Inner Mongolia, which means "Datong under heaven"; at the end of the Tang Dynasty, with the Shatuo people migrating internally, Tang Wuzong Huichang "moved the Datong Army to train envoys in Yunzhou" in the third year (843); In the fifth year (845) of Tang Wuzong Huichang, he placed the Datong Army As the beginning of the name of the administrative division of the march (army).
(12) Five generations later, in the third year of Jin Tianfu (938), Yunzhou (Pingcheng), as part of the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun, was ceded to the Khitan by Shi Jingyao, and since then Yunzhou has become the territory of the Liao State, and the loss of the Sixteen Prefectures of Yanyun has caused the Han regime in the Central Plains to lose the Northern Ping Domain for hundreds of years.
(13) In the thirteenth year of Emperor Chongxi of Liaoxing (1044), Yunzhou was elevated to Datong Prefecture and Established Xijing, and Datong became one of the five capitals of the Liao Dynasty (Shangjing Linhuangfu, Liaoyangfu of Tokyo, Youdufu of Nanjing, Dadingfu of Zhongjing, and Datongfu of Xijing); from the thirteenth year (1044) of Emperor Chongxi of Liaoxing to the second year of Emperor Bao of Liaotianzuo (1123), Datong served as the capital of the Liao Dynasty for 78 years.
(14) In the fourth year (982) of Emperor Qianheng of Liaojingzong, the 35-year-old Emperor Jingzong of Liao died of illness at jiaoshan Palace in Yunzhou (present-day Datong) on his way out on a hunting expedition, leaving a testament on his deathbed, "Liang Wang Longxu's heir, and the military affairs obey the empress's orders", handing over the Liao state to the 29-year-old Xiao Qi; Xiao Qi's nickname was Xiao Yanyan, the prototype of Empress Xiao in "Yang JiaJian"; during Xiao Qi's regency, the Liao Dynasty entered its most prosperous period and became a lingering nightmare for the Emperor of the Song Dynasty.
(15) In the second year of emperor Bao's reign (1122), Datong was attacked by Jin soldiers; The Jin dynasty attacked the Liao system, and Datong was still the capital of Xijing Datong; from the first year of Emperor Taizong of Jin (1123) to the third year of Emperor Zhengda of Jin (1226), Datong was the capital of the Jin Dynasty for 103 years.
(16) Datong is one of the "nine-sided" important towns of the Great Wall, and the great wall under its jurisdiction starts from Zhenkoutai in the east (northeast of present-day Tianzhen County, Shanxi) to Yajiao Mountain (now Dongshan, Kouzi Village, Qingshuihe County, Inner Mongolia), with a total length of more than 330 kilometers; in the fifth year of Ming Hongwu (1372), the general Xu Da guarded this town, and the garrison accounted for one-tenth of the country's troops, and was known as "Datong Shi Majia Tianxia"; in the twenty-fourth year of Hongwu (1391), Zhu Yuanzhang renamed his thirteenth son Zhu Gui as the acting king and enfeoffed Datong.
(17) Datong is called the Phoenix City, and it is said that the golden phoenix of the heavenly court fell here privately and entrusted zhu Yuanzhang with a dream, so that he could build the city in the shape of a phoenix; the outline of the ancient city of Datong in the Ming Dynasty was really shaped like a phoenix, and its main city was tall and majestic, and the three small cities of the east, south and north were connected by angles, commonly known as The East Pass, the South Pass, and the North Pass, but there was no West Pass; the South Pass was the head of the Golden Phoenix, the main city was the body of the Golden Phoenix, the North Pass was the tail of the Phoenix, and the East Pass was the Wings of the Golden Phoenix.
(18) The story of Hua Mulan's father joining the army takes place in Datong; in the second year of the Northern Wei Dynasty (428), the Northern Wei army attacked Mobei from a distance, Hua Mulan dressed as a man, and on behalf of her father, she went out on a campaign, and the soldiers in the desert fought Rouran and returned triumphantly.
(19) The allusion to "Ma Zhi Shan Ren" is related to Datong; in about 453, Emperor Wencheng of northern Wei made a tour of the east and met Tan Yao, a senior monk who had traveled from Zhongshan to Beijing; Emperor Wen, feeling the profundity of his Dharma, ordered him to be "Shamen Tong" and presided over the management of Buddhism throughout the country.
(20) Lou Zhaojun, known as the "most cattle mother in history", was a native of Pingcheng (present-day Datong), Dai Commandery; she was the wife of Gao Huan, a powerful minister of Eastern Wei, and had a total of eight children, three sons ascending the throne as emperor, one son posthumously becoming emperor, two sons crowned kings, and both daughters becoming empresses of a generation.
(21) Playing children's play originated in Datong; playing children's play, also known as "cough cavity", is a strange branch in the pear garden of opera, and is praised by experts as "a living fossil in the history of drama".
(22) The allusion of "playing with the dragon and playing the phoenix" occurred in Datong; Datong in the Ming Dynasty was a necessary place for the tribute envoys from the Western Regions to enter Beijing to pay tribute, and the merchants inside and outside were gathered, and the goods were dazzling, becoming the famous city of Saibei in the Ming Dynasty that was "prosperous and rich, not going down to Jiangnan"; Zhu Houzhao of the Ming Dynasty heard about the prosperity of Datong, and in the thirteenth year of Zhengde (1518), he made a private visit to Li Fengjie in the thirteenth year of Zhengde (1518), and met Li Fengjie in Datong Jiusheng Lou, Zhu Houzhao was overwhelmed by the beauty of Feng Jie's closed moon and shy flowers, and later named her "Playing Palace Concubine", changing Jiusheng Lou to Feng Lin Pavilion, and achieving the sign of today's Feng Lin Pavilion.
(23) The "Longqing Peace Conference" took place in Datong; in the fifth year of Longqing (1571), the Longqing Emperor enfeoffed Li Da as the King of Shunyi under the village of Deshengbao (in present-day Baoziwan Township, Xinrong District) and approved the city of Tonggonghu.
(24) Pipa Old Shop is named after the historical "Zhaojun Out of the Plug"; Pipa Old Shop was originally named DongshengDian, in the third year of the Western Han Dynasty (33 BC), Wang Zhaojun went out of the plug through Pingcheng (now Datong) to stay here; at sunset on xishan, when the lamp was lit, Wang Zhaojun played the pipa, pouring out the pain of leaving his hometown, the beautiful and beautiful sound of the pipa touched the four neighbors of Dongshengdian, when parting, Zhaojun left the pipa in this shop as a souvenir, and the Han surnamed shopkeeper changed the name of the shop to "Pipa Old Shop" to commemorate this peace messenger. The store has been in continuous operation for more than 2,000 years, and now the Datong City Museum still preserves a plaque of "Pipa Old Shop", which was written by the famous calligrapher Liu Gongquan at that time.
(25) The Yungang Grottoes were first chiseled in the early years of peace of Emperor Wencheng of the Northern Wei Dynasty (460) and continued to the fifth year of Emperor Zhengguang of Xiaoming (524), which is one of the four major grottoes in China and the largest group of grottoes in China.
(26) The Hanging Temple in Hunyuan County is the only unique temple in the country where The three religions of Buddhism, Taoism and Confucianism are integrated; the Hanging Temple was built in the late Northern Wei Dynasty, initially named "Xuankong Pavilion", and later renamed "Hanging Temple" because of the harmonic sounds of "Hanging" and "Xuan"; now the main building is rebuilt during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the highest pavilion enshrines the founders of the three religions: the Buddhist Shakyamuni Buddha in the middle, the Confucian Kong Sheng on the left, and the Taoist ancestor Laozi on the right; the Hanging Temple is also the earliest existing time in China. The best-preserved high-altitude wooden structure of the cliff building.
(27) The Ming Hall of Pingcheng in the Northern Wei Dynasty is one of the Four Great Ming Halls in Chinese history, a place where the Northern Wei Emperor held great ceremonies such as dynastic meetings, sacrifices, and celebrations, and the only Ming Hall built by ethnic minority regimes in Chinese history.
(28) Huayan Temple in Pingcheng District was founded in the seventh year of Chongxi (1038) of the Liao Dynasty, and the name of Huayan Temple comes from the Mahayana teachings of the Huayan Sutra that "the Hua of Mercy must bear solemn fruits"; the Huayan Temple Pagoda is the second largest square wooden pagoda in the country after the Yingxian Wooden Pagoda; the roof of the Daxiong Treasure Hall of the Shanghuayan Temple kisses the largest glass kiss beast in ancient Chinese architecture, the north kiss is the original of the Jin Dynasty; the south kiss is made in the Ming Dynasty.
(29) Shanhua Temple in Pingcheng District is the largest and most complete Liaojin style temple in China, and the only colored glass five dragon wall in Datong is preserved in the temple; Shanhua Temple was founded in the Tang Dynasty, called Kaiyuan Temple during the Tang Xuanzong Dynasty, renamed Dapu'en Temple during the Five Dynasties Later Jin Dynasty, and renamed Shanhua Temple in the Ming Dynasty decade.
(30) Datong Jiulong Wall is 45.6 meters long, 8 meters high and 2.02 meters thick, which is the earliest, largest and best preserved dragon wall in the country; the Nine Dragon Wall is the former wall of the Emperor Zhu Guifu, and there is a reflection pool in front of the wall that can innuendo the whole wall, when the pool water ripples, the nine dragons reflected in the water will come alive and vividly; the Daiwang Palace was built in the twenty-fifth year of Ming Hongwu (1392) and destroyed in the seventeenth year of Ming Chongzhen (1644); the existing Daiwangfu is the largest restoration of New China. One of the most complete wooden structures of ancient architecture.
(31) The Yuanjia Soap Mosque, also known as the Temple of Worship, is the only mosque in the country that was built at the same time as the Great Wall and has the role of the Great Wall; the construction time of the mosque varies, one says that the Yuanjia Soap Mosque was built at the same time as the Ming Great Wall when the military facilities along the Ming Great Wall were created tomorrow and the Ming Great Wall.
(32) Beiyue Hengshan was originally in Hebei Province, not in present-day Shanxi Province; in the Ming Dynasty and before, Hengshan was Damao Mountain located at the junction of present-day Baoding City and Shijiazhuang in Hebei Province, and there are still remnants of the Beiyue Temple in present-day Quyang; in the seventeenth year of Qing Shunzhi, Beiyue was officially changed to present-day Hengshan In the territory of Hunyuan, Shanxi; Changshan in the "Changshan Zhao Zilong" of the Three Kingdoms period was Hengshan, and Zhao Zilong was a native of Zhending County, Changshan County.
(33) Beiyue Hengshan was the northwesternmost place where the Ming Dynasty traveler and geographer Xu Xiake traveled; the opening day of Xu Xiake's Travels, That is, May 19, was designated as China Tourism Day.
(34) Beiyue Hengshan is a national 4A-level tourist attraction, and the only tourist attraction in the Five Mountains that is not a 5A-level tourist attraction.
(35) The treasure of the Shanghai Museum, the Zhenzun, was excavated in Hunyuan County; the Zunzun is a kind of wine vessel, mainly used in ancient rituals; the Spring and Autumn Period is rarely seen, and the Shanghai Museum collection of this Zunzun is the only remain of this period so far.
(36) The only Liang Sicheng Memorial Hall in the country is in Pingcheng District; in September 1933, Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin and their party came to Datong to conduct field surveys and inspections of Huayan Temple, Shanhua Temple, Yungang Grottoes and Yingxian Wooden Pagoda; Datong is the only ancient capital in the country that is protected according to the "Liang Chen Scheme".
(37) Shanxi Datong University is the only public university whose name includes both provincial and municipal names; before liberation, "Datong University" was a famous university in China and one of the most famous private universities in Shanghai during the Republic of China; later, in 1952, the faculties and departments of Shanghai Datong University were merged into Fudan University, Jiaotong University, East China Normal University, Tongji University, Shanghai Institute of Finance and Economics, and East China Institute of Chemical Technology; when Datong University was established in 2002, it was originally intended to be directly named Datong University. Fudan University objected, so it could only be named Shanxi Datong University.
(38) Datong is known as China's "coal capital" because of coal, and there is the largest coal mining area in China.
(39) Datong is the starting point of China's first double-line electrified heavy-duty coal transportation line - Daqin Railway.
(40) Knife-cut noodles are the most well-known delicacies in Datong, in addition to knife-cut noodles, There are many Datong delicacies, including roasted wheat, cold powder, haggis soup, rabbit head and so on.
After reading these 40 cold knowledge in Datong City, do you understand Datong? In addition to these, what else do you know about Datong?
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