The Book of Han, also known as the Book of the Former Han Dynasty, compiled by Ban Gu, a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty in China, is one of the first chronicles of Chinese history, one of the "Twenty-Four Histories". The Book of Han is another important historical book in ancient China after the "Records of History", and is called the "First Four Histories" together with the "Records of History", "Book of Later Han" and "Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms". The book of Han mainly records the first year of Han Gaozu (206 BC) from the Western Han Dynasty to the fourth year of Wang Mangdi emperor of the new dynasty, a total of 230 years of history. The Book of Han includes twelve chapters of the Ji, eight chapters of the Table, ten chapters of the Zhi, and seventy chapters of the Transmission, a total of 100 articles, which are divided into 120 volumes and a total of 800,000 words.
Mang Zhi Fangsheng, thinking that the four Yi were not enough to be swallowed up, concentrated on the matter of the ancients, and repeated the book: "Emperor Fu Nianyu's ancestor Kao Yu Emperor, received the final Wenzu, in Xuanjie Yuheng with Qi Qi, so he was similar to God, Zen in the Six Sects, Looking at the Mountains and Rivers, All over the gods, Patrolling the Five Peaks, the Four Dynasties after the Group, playing with words, ming testing with merit." It has been five years since the founding of the people's republic of China. The Nine Misfortunes of the Yang Dynasty have passed, and the Meeting of the Hundred Thunderbolts has passed. Years in the birthday star, filled in the Ming Hall, Canglong Decian Unitary, De in the Middle Palace. Guan Jin was in charge of the year, and the turtle was advised to follow, and he patrolled the east on the festival of Jianyin in February of that year, with a ceremonial dispatch. "The group of gonggong asked the people to recruit people to buy horses, and also asked the twelve people of the inner county to buy horses, and sent 450,000 horses, and lost Chang'an, and there was no need to be before and after. Halfway through, Mang wrote: "Empress Wen is uneasy, and she will stop there." "It is the age, change the eleventh public name, take "new" as "heart", and later change "heart" to "faith". In February of the fifth year, Empress Dowager Wen collapsed, buried Weiling, and merged with Emperor Yuan. The temple was erected in Chang'an, and the new room was sacrificed for generations. Emperor Yuan served food and sat under the bed. He was buried for three years. Grand Sima Kong Yong begged for the skeleton, gave an chariot and a horse, and took the throne with special advances. Tongfeng Hou Lu was also the Grand Sima (大司馬). At that time, the people of Chang'an heard that they were reckless and wanted to be in Luoyang, and refused to rule the house, or quite thoroughly. Mang Yue: "Xuanlong Shi Wen said 'Ding Di De, Guo Luo Yang'. Obey the orders, dare not to worship! Eight years after the founding of the People's Republic of China, the age of the Stars, in the capital of Luoyang. He is careful not to corrupt the capital of Chang'an. Those who dare to commit crimes, take their name and ask them to sin. "Yes, Wusun Big Kunmi sent envoys to contribute. Great Kunmi, Chinese grandson also. His bearded daughter was Xiao Kunmi, and Wusun was attached to him. Seeing that the Xiongnu were invading the various sides, and intending to win the heart of Wusun, he sent an emissary to lead Xiao Kunmi to place the Great Kunmi envoy. Baocheng's master and friend sacrificed wine manchang impeachment to the messenger: "Yi Di is polite and friendly in China, so he obeys." Great Kunmi, Junya. Present-day vassals are on the throne, not Yi DiYe. Great disrespect! "Reckless, spare the chang official."
Wang Mang was proud, believing that the four foreign tribes would be able to annex and eliminate them without much effort, and blindly wanted to find old examples from the ancient texts, and then said: "Bow down and miss my great emperor Kao Yu Shun, accept the Zen concession of the regime at the Wenzu Temple, observe astronomy, study the sun, the moon, and the five planets, so he sacrifices to the heavens, raises smoke to sacrifice various natural forces between heaven and earth, looks at the mountains and rivers from afar, generally sacrifices various gods, inspects the five mountains, and concentrates on meeting the princes of the four directions. Let them play things verbally or in writing, and conduct detailed and accurate assessments according to the facts. It has been five years since I officially ascended to the throne by the time I took the Mandate of Heaven and founded the country. Now that the unfortunate fate has been lifted, the cycle of disaster has passed. Jupiter is in the House of Shouxing, Saturn is in the constellation of Mingtang, Taiyi is in the Decameron, and Wang Qi is in the Arctic Sky Region. In the year of Guan Gua and Jin Gua, divination tells people what to do, and they should go to the Shubu area in the early spring of Jianyin in February of this year to arrange the ceremonial procedures. "The ministers reported that they proposed to recruit personnel, horses, linen, silk and silk wool from the government and the people, and also proposed that the twelve counties and states in the interior buy horses, requisition 450,000 silk horses, and transport them to Chang'an, before and after, without waiting at each other. More than half of them arrived, and Wang Mang said: "Empress Wenmu is physically disturbed, and she should stop for a while and wait for a later look." In this year, the title of the eleventh duke was changed, and the word "new" was changed to the word "heart", and later the word "heart" was changed to the word "letter". In February of the fifth year, Empress Wenmu died and was buried in Weiling, buried with Emperor Yuan, with a ditch in the middle to separate them. An ancestral temple was set up in Chang'an, stipulating that the new dynasty should be sacrificed from generation to generation. Emperor Yuan deserved it, and his god lord was placed under the pet of her god lord. Wang Mang guarded the funeral for Empress Wang for three years. Grand Sima Kongyong requested retirement, and was rewarded with a carriage and four horses, and participated in the imperial meeting according to the honorary title of Special Jin. Tongfeng Hou Lu also served as the Grand Sima (大司馬). At this time, the people of Chang'an heard that Wang Mang wanted to build the capital Luoyang and was unwilling to repair the houses, and some people partially demolished some houses. Wang Mang said: "Xuan Longshi's words say, 'To stabilize the fate of the emperor, the capital of the country is built in Luoyang'. The fate is clear and clear, dare not disrespect and obey! By the eighth year of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Jupiter lived in the Xingji Palace, laying the foundation for the capital of Luoyang. The Capital City of Chang'an should be repaired well and not let it be destroyed. Whoever dares to violate it will report his name and investigate his crime. "In this year, the Great Kunmi and the Little Kunmi of the Wusun Kingdom sent emissaries to pay tribute. Dakunmi is the grandson of Zhongyuan. The son of the wife of The former Kunmi of Bautan became Kunmi, but the Uthers returned to him. Wang Mang saw that the Xiongnu and many foreign tribes on the border were invading at the same time, and his heart was wrapped in the desire to win the favor of the Wusun people, so he sent emissaries to lead the emissaries of Xiao Kunmi to sit on the upper seat of the emissaries of Da Kunmi. Baocheng Shiyou sacrificed wine Mai Dan Shangzhang to impeach the messenger: "Because the foreign tribes pay attention to etiquette and righteousness in the Central Plains, they are aggrieved and obeyed. The Great Kunmi was the monarch, and now arranging for the emissaries of his courtiers to sit on the throne of the emissaries was not the way to rule over the foreign tribes. It is disrespectful to be sent as a messenger to entertain! Wang Ling became angry and deposed Manchang from his official position.
The countries of the Western Regions lost their faith in recklessness, and killed the capital to protect Danqin. In November, the comet came out, for more than twenty days, and disappeared. It is the age of the year, to commit the crime of copper charcoal more than the law. Next year, it will be changed to "Tianfeng". In the first month of the first year of the Heavenly Phoenix, pardon the world. Mang Yue: "Give the Festival of Jianyin in February the gift of hunting, the officials will dry meat, and the insiders will sit and lie down, and they will not have anything to give." To patrol the east, it will be carried out, and each county will be ploughed to persuade the east to do it. To patrol the south, it will be carried forward, and each county will be carried, so as to persuade the south to be false. To patrol the west, it will be carried with a bow, and each county will be rewarded to persuade the west to succeed. To the north of the tour, it will be carried with whisks, and each county will be millet, in order to persuade Gaizang. The ritual of Bibei's hunting tour is to live in the capital of Luoyang in the soil. Dare to be inclined to commit crimes and engage in military law. The Qungong gong said: "The emperor is the most examined, in previous years, the Holy Body of the Mother of Literature did not hesitate, and the relatives were provided, and the clothes were thin. Because of the sorrow of the abandoned courtiers, the color has not been restored, and the diet is less damaged. This year old and four patrols, the road is thousands of miles, the Spring and Autumn Is honorable, and the non-rice dried meat can be afforded. And there is no patrol hunting, and it is necessary to serve in great clothes, to raise the herdsmen as much as possible in the Eucharist, and the courtiers, etc., and to be called the Ming Commandment. Mang Yue: "The Qungong, the Qunmu, the Qunsi, the Princes, and the Shu Yin are willing to do their best to raise the herdsmen and the people, and they want to praise and give, so they can listen to it. Needless to say. More than seven years of Tianfeng, the age of Da Liang, Canglong Gengchen, the ritual of hunting. Next year, the years are in Shishen, Canglong Xin has been, that is, the capital of Luoyang in the earth. "Nai Sent TaiFu Pingyan, Great Sikong Wang Yi zhi Luoyang, Ying Xiang Zhaozhao, Tuqi Zongmiao, Sheji, and Suburb Zhaoyun." In March, there is an eclipse of the sun. Amnesty for the world. Sima Lu of Ce Da also said: "The eclipse has no light, and the dry ge does not go, and the great Sima Yin on it will take the throne of the Hou clan." Taifu Pingyan (太傅平晏) did not lead Shangshu Shi (尚書事), a provincial attendant and a concurrent official of Zhu Cao.com. in order to? Male Miao is the Great Sima (大司馬). "Recklessness is truth, especially the minister, or the seizure of power, the courtier who says that he is at fault, and he is promoted." Kong Ren, Zhao Bo, Fei Xing, and others dared to attack the ministers, so they saw the trust and chose the name of the official to live in. When the secretary of state entered the palace, the officials had a constant number, The Taifu Pingyan was from the official's case, the servants of the gate were harsh and not inferior, and the servants of the Peng Cao shi were collected. Furious, the law enforcers rode hundreds of people around the Taifu Mansion, trapping the soldiers, and instantly dying. The Great Sikong Passed by the Fengchang Pavilion at night, and the pavilion chief was harsh, and told the official name, and the pavilion chief was drunk: "Would you rather have a spell to spread evil?" "The soldier strikes the pavilion chief with a horse, and the pavilion chief beheads the soldier, and dies, and the county chases him away." The family wrote to Mang: "The chief of the pavilion serves the public, do not expel." "The Great Sikong Yi rebuked the soldiers in thanks. The state general mourning chapter is quite unclear, Mang is the choice of he uncle, the edict said: "Not only will the country be protected, but also the one who protects his relatives in Xizhou." "All the princes are contemptuous, and the chapter is even worse.
Due to Wang Mang's long-term loss of goodwill and credibility, the Yanqi state was the first to betray and kill the fallen capital, Hu Danzheng. In November, the comet appeared, and after more than twenty days, it disappeared. This year, the decree was repealed because so many violators of the ban on the illegal possession of copper charcoal. The next year, the name was changed to Tianfeng. In the first month of the first year of Tianfeng, a national amnesty was announced. Wang Mang said: "I will carry out inspection activities in the early spring of Jianyin in February, the officials carry dry food and dried meat, and the insiders set up bed mats and tents on the way, and there is no supply in the places where they pass." When I went to the east, I must personally carry a plough, and every time I arrived in a county, I had to participate in farming, so as to advocate spring ploughing. When I went to the south, I must personally carry a hoe, and every time I went to a county, I had to participate in hoeing grass, so as to encourage middle cultivation. I patrolled the west, and I must personally carry a scythe, and whenever I arrived in a county, I had to participate in the harvest, thus encouraging the autumn harvest. When I patrolled the north, I must personally carry flails, and every time I arrived in a county, I had to participate in the fight, so as to encourage storage. After the end of the inspection activities in the north, the capital city of Luoyang was laid in the center of the country. Those who dare to run and argue with the gate and violate the law and discipline will be dealt with in accordance with military law. The ministers reported: "The emperor is the most filial, and the previous year The Holy Mother was ill, and you personally waited, and your clothes were rarely taken off." Because of the grief of the death of WenMu, his face did not recover and his diet decreased. Now it is necessary to tour the four directions a year, the distance is tens of thousands of miles, and the age is so high that it is not something that dry food and dry meat can adapt to. Do not go on inspections for the time being, wait for the end of the mourning period, and thus maintain the Eucharist. We do our best to nurture and discipline the people of the whole country and fulfill your wise instructions. Wang Mang said, "The princes, the pastors of the prefectures, the ministers in charge, the princes, and the chiefs of the counties are willing to do their best to supervise and discipline each other and to educate the people of the whole country well, and strive to meet my wishes, so I should encourage you to adopt your opinions!" Don't forget your promises. Changed to the seventh year of Tianfeng, Jupiter in the Great Liang Palace, too old in Gengchen, to carry out inspection activities. Next year, Jupiter will be in The Palace of Shishen, too old in Xinwei, and will head to the capital of Luoyang, the center of the country. He sent Taifu Pingyan and Dasikong Wang Yi to Luoyang, choosing the foundation, intending to build a royal ancestral temple, an Earth Valley Shrine, and an altar site for worshiping heaven and earth. On the last day of March, there was a solar eclipse. A national amnesty was declared. The next policy letter was written to Sima Lu and said: "The eclipse appears, the sun is completely engulfed, the war has not stopped, you should hand over the seal of the Great Sima and participate in the imperial meeting according to the status of marquis." Taifu Pingyan did not concurrently manage the affairs of Shangshu and abolished the concurrently serving Zhu Cao. Li Miao was appointed as the Grand Sima (大司馬). "After Wang Mang officially ascended the throne, he was particularly wary of ministers, limiting and weakening the power of ministers, and his subordinates who accused ministers of mistakes were always promoted. Kong Ren, Zhao Bo, and Fei Xing, because they dared to criticize the ministers, gained trust and chose good official positions for them. The chancellor entered the palace, and the officials in his entourage had a quota, and once, Taifu Pingyan carried the officials beyond the regulations, and the servants at the door were interrogated, and the attitude was not good, and the Peng Cao staff of the Taifu Mansion arrested the servants. Wang Mang was furious and asked law enforcement to mobilize hundreds of chariots to surround taifu mansions, arrest the clerks, and execute them immediately. Another time, when the clerk of the Great Sikong passed by Feng Changting at night, the chief of the pavilion scolded him, and he told the chief of the pavilion of his official position, and the chief of the pavilion was drunk and said, "Is there any proof?" "The clerk beat the chief of the pavilion with a horse whip, and the chief of the pavilion wanted to behead the clerk and fled, and the county wrapped the county to hunt him down. His family wrote a petition to complain, and Wang Mang said: "The chief of the pavilion is on official business, and do not pursue him." The Great Sikong Wang Yi reprimanded the clerk for coming to ask for guilt. The general of the state was very improper, and Wang Mang chose to set up a he uncle for him, admonishing: "Not only should he help the general himself in the gongfu, but also help his relatives in Xizhou." "The ministers were looked down upon, and the lamentation was particularly strong.
In April, meteorites, killing grass and trees, especially the sea. In June, the yellow fog is blocked. In July, the wind pulled up the trees and flew north to the city gate roof tiles. Rain hail, kill cattle and sheep. Mang used the texts of "Zhou Guan" and "The Imperial System" to place the pawn Zheng, Lian Zhi, and Da Yin, and the positions such as Taishou; the subordinate orders, the subordinate chiefs, and the duties such as du wei. Twenty-five ministers and ministers of the prefecture were placed, and they saw that the ceremony was like three dukes. The Governor is on the throne, and each has five counties. Gong clan zuo mu, Hou clan pawn zheng, Bo clan lian rate, Zi clan genus Ling, male clan genus Chang, all of them are officials of the world. His unvaled one is Yin. Divide the six townships next to Chang'an City, and set up one person each. It is divided into six lieutenant counties, and Hedong, Hanoi, Hongnong, Henan, Yingchuan, and Nanyang are six teams of counties, and the position of doctor is as Taishou; Renamed Henan Da Yin Yue Bao Zhongxinqing. Yihenan belongs to the county of thirty. There is one governor in each of the six suburbs, and the person is the main five counties. and its official name has been changed. The county is divided into five. The county is named after the pavilion three hundred and sixty, in response to the runes also. On the edge of the edge, there is a lieutenant, and the man is the one. The princely states idle fields, adding and subtracting clouds for the deposed. Mangxia Shu said: "Chang'an Xidu is known as the Six Townships, and the counties are known as the Six Lieutenants." Yiyang Dongdu is known as liuzhou, and the counties are known as six teams. Corn inner is known as the inner county, and its outer part is known as the nearby county. There are obstacles known as border counties. There are five counties in Hebai20. Within Kyushu, there are three of the two thousand two hundred counties. Gong Zuo Dian Fu is for Wei Cheng; Zhu Zai Hou Fu is for Wei Ning; In Cai and Ren Princes, it is wei Han; in Bin Fu, it is for Wei Ping; in The Wen Sect, Fenwu Wei is for Wei Yuan; outside Kyushu, it is for Wei Fan: each is called by its side, and it is always for all nations. Subsequently, the years changed, and the names of one county to five were changed, and the same was restored. The officials could not discipline, and every edict was given its old name, which was: "The edict Chen Liu Da Yin and Tai Wei: He pays Xinping to the south of the Yi Age." Xinping, so Huaiyang. To the east of Yongqiu to pay Chen Ding. Chen Ding, former Liang County. To the east of the Fengqiu Fuzhi Pavilion. Zhiting, former East County. Pray west of Chen Liu for the tunnel. Pray for tunnels, so Xingyang. Chen Liu no longer has a county. Da Yin and Tai Wei are all in the same place. "Its orders change, and so on.
In April, frost fell and froze to death, especially along the coast. In June, the sky is full of yellow sand. In July, the wind blew down the trees and blew away the tiles from the north gate house. Hail fell and killed cattle and sheep. According to the scriptures of the Zhou Guan and the Wang System, Wang Mang set up the positions of Zheng Zheng, Lian Li, and Da Yin, with the same positions as Taishou; set up subordinate orders and subordinate chiefs, and the positions were like lieutenants. Twenty-five young priests and twenty-five ministers were set up, and the emperor received them with the same ceremony as if he were receiving the three dukes. The position is Shang Daifu, each of whom has jurisdiction over five counties. Dukes are state pastors, marquises are pawns, counts are consecutive, viscounts are subordinate orders, and barons are subordinate chiefs, and these official positions are hereditary. Those who do not have a knighthood are called Great Yin. Divide the outskirts of Chang'an into six townships, and set up a township marshal in each township. The sanfu area was divided into six lieutenant counties, and Hedong County, Hanoi County, Hongnong County, Henan County, Yingchuan County, and Nanyang County were the six teams of counties, and all of them were set up as doctors, and the position was like Taishou; the position was set up as a subordinate, and the position was like that of a lieutenant. Renamed The Great Yin of Henan County to Bao Zhongxinqing. Henan County was added to the county of Man thirty counties. There will be one governor each of the six suburban governors, each with jurisdiction over five counties. And all other official names were changed. The large counties are even divided into five counties. There are three hundred and sixty counties and counties that use the word "pavilion" as their name, which is used to conform to the words of the spell. In the border areas, lieutenants were set up and barons were used to hold this position. The remaining fields between the princely states were reserved for use in times of reward for meritorious service or punishment for guilt. Wang Mang said: "The suburbs of Chang'an Xidu are divided into six townships, and the peripheral counties are divided into six lieutenants. The far suburbs of Yiyang Dongdu are divided into six prefectures, and the peripheral counties are divided into six teams. Places within four or five hundred miles of Shudu and Xidu are called inner counties, and places outside are called near counties. The place where there is a border fortress is called the border county, which totals one hundred and twenty-five counties. The territory of Kyushu is wrapped up in two dry and two hundred and three counties. The duke is the national costume, this is the castle; all the princes in the houfu, this is the dependence; the princes in the service and the obedience, this is the pillar; the princes in the guest service, this is the barrier; in the princes of the Wenjiao and Fenwuwei areas, this is the wall; in the foreign tribes outside Kyushu, this is the fence: each according to its own area, in total, it is the whole world. "Since then, there have been changes every year, and a county has even changed its name five times, and finally restored its original name." Officials and people could not record so much, and every time they wrote the Shao Shu, they always had to attach the original name, for example: "Order Chen Liu County, Da Yin, Tai Wei: Order to assign the area south of Yishi County to Xinping County." Xinping County is the original Huaiyang County. The area east of Yongqiu County was assigned to Chending County. Chending County is the original Liang County. The area of Fengqiu County was assigned to Zhiting County. Zhiting County is the original East County. The area west of Chenliu County was assigned to the Prayer Tunnel. Pray tunnel is the original Rongyang. Chenliu County no longer exists. Both Da Yin and Tai Wei came to the emperor. "The changes in his decrees are all like this.
Today, in elementary school, the pentazi generation is the first of the sixties. The crown is the first day of the penta, and the tenth day of the penta yin is the day of death. Many of the people are disobedient. The Xiongnu Shan Yu knew death, and the brother Xian Li became Shan Yu and asked for peace. Mang sent emissaries to bribe him generously, and fraudulently allowed his attendants to ascend, because they bought Chen Liang and final belts. Shan Yu immediately zhiliang and other messengers, sills and cars to Chang'an. Mang Burn Liang equals the north of the city, so that the officials will look at it. There is a great famine on the edge of the edge, and people cannibalize each other. The counselor, like a border soldier, also said, "The sergeant has been suffering for a long time, and the border county cannot support each other." Now in Xinhe, it is advisable to strike the troops. Lieutenant Han Weijin said: "Swallowing a beard with the power of the new room is like a flea in the mouth." May the brave men of five thousand men, who do not fight for food, who hunger for flesh, who thirst for their blood, may run rampant. "Reckless and bold, with Wei as a general." Ran Zepu said, requisition the generals. Chen Qin and eighteen others were spared, and the four-pass capital was filled with lieutenants and soldiers. The Xiongnu envoys returned, and Shan Yuzhi was killed before he ascended, and sent troops to Koubian, and Mang relapsed into the army. So the border people flowed into the inner county, and the people were slaves, but the officials were forbidden to dare to blackmail the border people to abandon the city. Yizhou barbarians killed Great Yin Chenglong, and the three sides rebelled. The General Feng Mao of Pingman attacked him. The Ningshi general Hou Fuwei said that the Yi sacrifice wine Dai Shan was the general of Ning Shi. In February of the following year, the wine king Road Hall was placed, and the secretary of state and the doctor were accompanied by wine. Amnesty for the world. It's time to see the stars in the middle of the day. Sima Miao (大司馬苗) left to move to Si Ming , with Chen Mao the Marquis of Yande ( Yande ) as grand sima ( ) . It is rumored that the Yellow Dragon fell to the Death of the Huangshan Palace, and the people rushed to the tens of thousands of spectators. Recklessness, from the beginning of the inquiry, can not be obtained. Shan Yu Xian, who was friendly and intimate, begged his son to ascend to his corpse, and recklessly wanted to send the envoy to him, fearing that Xian xian would resent the messenger, but received the former general Chen Qin, who was the attendant of the preamble, and imprisoned him for his crimes. Chin: "I want to speak of the Huns with me." "Committed suicide. Mang chose Wang Xian of Jinan, the counterpart of Confucian Sheng, as his ambassador, and Wuwei made Lang Xiefu and others marshals, so that they could send the corpse to the table. The edict ordered the excavation of the tomb of Yu Zhi, and the whipping of his corpse. And the Xiongnu were also stuffed in the north of the desert, and blamed Ma Wanzheng, 30,000 cattle, 100,000 sheep, and those who were slightly sidelined by the people's livelihood. Reckless for big words. Salty to Shan Yu court, Chen Mang Weide, blamed shan shan for the crime of the back, should be subordinate to the enemy, shan yu can not be cursed, so fatally returned. Entering the plug, Salty died of illness, and his son was named Bo, and Fu Di and so on were all sons.
Ordered schools throughout the country to replace Koshi Day with the day of the first sixty days. The crown ceremony is held to make the day of the pentagram as an auspicious day, and the wedding ceremony is held to take the ten days starting from the penta yin as an unlucky day. There are many people who do not obey. The Xiongnu Shan Yu Nang Zhi Ya si died, and his brother Xian Zuo Shan Yu demanded peace with the Central Plains. Wang Mang sent emissaries to give him money and property, tricking him into promising to return his son Deng, who had come to serve the emperor in the Central Plains, and paying for the extradition of Chen Liang and Zhongdai and others. Shan Yu captured Chen Liang and the others and handed them over to the emissaries, and sent them to Chang'an in a prison cart. Wang Mang burned Chen Liang and others north of Chang'an City, and asked officials and the people to gather to watch the execution. There was a severe famine along the border area, and people ate people. Inspector Rupu inspected the border garrison and came back and said: "Soldiers have been stationed at the border for a long time, life is very hard, and there is no supply for the border counties." Now that Shan Yu has just reconciled with us, he should take this opportunity to retire. Lieutenant Han Wei suggested: "Eating the Xiongnu with the power of the new dynasty is like eating a fleas wrapped in the mouth." I am willing to ask for five thousand brave soldiers, who do not carry a bucket of grain, who eat the flesh of the enemy when they are hungry, who drink their blood when they are thirsty, and who can rampage through the territory of the Huns. Wang Mang thought his words were bold and appointed Han Wei as a general. However, he took Rupu's advice and transferred back the generals stationed at the border. Chen Qin and eighteen other generals were dismissed from their posts, and the front, rear, left and right generals were dismissed from the garrisons of the four generals who guarded the capital and the sixth lieutenant. When the Xiongnu emissaries returned, Shan Yu knew that his son Deng, who had come to serve the emperor in the Central Plains, had been executed some time ago, so he sent troops to invade the border, and Wang Mang mobilized his army to garrison. So the border people went into exile in the inner county and became slaves of others, so they issued a ban: officials and civilians dared to have the exiles of the border secretly punished to death. The Yizhou County clan killed the Great Yin Chenglong, and many tribes along the border rebelled. Sent the Pingman general Feng Mao to lead an army to attack them. The Ningshi general Hou Fu was dismissed from his post, and Dai San, who sacrificed wine from the Yi Dynasty, served as the general of Ningshi. In February of the following year, a banquet was held in Wang LuTang, and the Gongqing Doctor attended the banquet. A national amnesty was declared. At this time, there was starlight at noon. Sima Miaoxin was demoted to the post of Commander and appointed Chen Mao, the Marquis of Yande, as Grand Sima (大司馬). Rumor has it that a Yellow Dragon fell to his death in the Huangshan Palace, and the common people flew to see the tens of thousands of hot gates. Wang Mang hated this and arrested some people to ask where the rumors came from, but they could not find them. Shan Yuxian had already made peace with Zhongyuan and demanded the body of his son Deng, and Wang Mang wanted to send an emissary to send him, fearing that Xian would resent hurting the emissary, so he arrested the former general Chen Qin, who had previously proposed to execute Deng, and imprisoned him on other charges. Chen Qin said, "This is to explain to the Xiongnu that I am a scapegoat." "He committed suicide." Wang Mang selected Wang Xian, a Confucian from Jinan County, who was good at negotiating and answering, as a special envoy, and Wuwei made Fu Yan, a native of Langxian County, a military attaché, and asked them to return Deng's body. The Huns were ordered to exhum the tomb of Shan YuZhiyas and beat his body with spines. He also ordered the Xiongnu to retreat north of the Great Gobi, to demand 10,000 horses, 30,000 cattle and 100,000 sheep from Shan Yu, and to return the border captives they had casually snatched and were still alive. Wang Mang likes to talk big like this. Wang Xian went to Shan Yu's court, stated Wang Mang's voice and virtue, condemned Shan Yu's crime of betrayal, responded to the question like a stream, and Shan Yu could not overwhelm him, so he returned after delivering the order. Entering the border, Wang Xian fell ill and died, and gave his son the title of Count, and Fu Dian and others were made viscounts.
Mang thought that the formulation would make the world at peace, so he thought sharply about geography, made ceremonies and music, and talked about the Six Classics. The secretary of state entered and left the country in the twilight, discussing the unresolved affairs of the year after year, and did not have time to save the prison of litigation against the people. The county slaughtered the lack of people, for several years to keep the same, all the greed and cruelty are getting worse and worse. Zhonglang will and embroider the law enforcement in the county, and take advantage of the power to pass on the music. The eleventh duke distribution persuaded Nongsang, Ban Shi ling, case chapters, crown covers looking at each other, staggering roads, summoning officials, arrest warrants left, counties and counties, handing over bribes, white and black, and many keepers. Mang saw that the former power was used to gain Han government, so he took charge of the affairs of the people, and had the division to be exempted. The names of the treasures, the treasures, and the officials of Qiangu were all taken by eunuchs; the officials were sealed by the people, and the eunuchs developed them left and right, and the shangshu was not known. He fears his subordinates like this. It is also good to change the system, the government decrees are troublesome, and when the practitioners are followed, they question the past, multiply back and forth, and do not hesitate. Mang often lights up to the brightest, but it cannot be overcome. Shang Shu was not allowed to go for many years because he was sleeping for adultery, and those who were detained in counties and counties were pardoned and then came out, and the guards did not confess to the three-year-old. Gu Changgui, more than 200,000 border soldiers, and the county officials were worried. Gohara and Daigun were especially poisoned by him, and became thieves, and thousands of people were transferred to The Side County. The general Kong Ren (孔仁), the general of mangling and the general of the bandits, joined forces with Bing County, and The year was yu Naiding, and the border counties were also slightly exhausted. North of Handan, the rain and fog, the water came out, the deep ones were counted, and thousands of people were killed. The founding general Sun Jian died, and Zhao Hong was appointed as the founding general. The Ningshi general Dai Sangui was returned to his former official, and the Nancheng general Lian Dan was made the general of Ningshi. Three years in February, earthquake, heavy rain and snow, especially in kanto, deep one zhang, bamboo cypress or dry. The Great Sikong King Yi wrote in a letter: "After eight years of seeing things, the work is ineffective, and the office of Sikong is especially abolished, and there will be changes in earthquakes." May the bones beg. Mang Yue: "There are movements and earthquakes in the land, and the earthquake is harmful, and the moving ones are not harmful." "Spring and Autumn" records earthquakes, "Yi System" "Kun" moves, dynamic and static to dispel threats, all things are born. The changes of disasters and changes have their own clouds. Heaven and earth move with might, to abstain from bowing, to be righteous, and to beg for bones, not to help those who give. Let the officials scatter the knights, David, and obey the instructions. ”
Wang Mang thought of the system in his heart. It was determined that the world was naturally peaceful, so it carefully considered geography, formulated rituals, created music and teachings, and emphasized theories that conformed to the Six Classics. The Secretary of State went to court in the morning and came out in the evening, talking for many years, unable to make decisions, and did not have time to deal with litigation to solve these problems that the people urgently needed to solve. County chiefs are short of people, and they are often represented by others for several years, and all the phenomena of greed and perverting the law are getting worse and worse every day. The generals and embroidered law enforcers stationed in various counties and states have used their power to implicate reports everywhere. There were also eleven public clerks scattered everywhere, supervising farming and sericulture, issuing decrees on agricultural administration, checking the implementation of various rules and regulations, emissaries coming and going one after another, coming and going on the main road, summoning officials and civilians, arresting witnesses, wrapping up counties and countys to loot property, bribery at all levels, right and wrong, clearing the clouds, and many people who kept grievances in the imperial court complained. Wang Mang saw that he had previously monopolized power and thus gained power in the Han Dynasty, so he must take care of all affairs himself, and the responsible officials accepted the established government decrees and followed the story, and Hetu was able to be exonerated. All the confidential departments, the treasury, and the money and grain officials were managed by eunuchs; officials and commoners sealed reports and opened by eunuchs at his side, and Shangshu is unknown. His wary subordinates looked like this. He also likes to change the system, and there are many troubles in government decrees, which should have been accepted and implemented by the following, but they always have to repeatedly ask for instructions before following the instructions, so that the previous things are not handled, and the things behind them are catching up, chaotic, endless. Wang Mang often illuminated the lights until dawn, but he had not finished it. Shangshu took this opportunity to cheat, block the situation, report that he could not leave for several years waiting for an answer, that those who were imprisoned in county prisons had to encounter amnesty before they had to go out, and that the garrison soldiers in the capital did not change for three years. Grain was often expensive, and more than 200,000 border troops were waiting to be eaten and clothed, and the government was also very nervous. Gohara and Dai-gun were particularly affected, with people taking risks and looting, and thousands of people flocking to neighboring counties. Wang Mang sent the bandit general Kong Ren to lead the army to attack jointly with the local troops, and after more than a year of pacification, the people of the border counties were exiled and almost gone. Heavy rain and fog fell in the area north of Handan City, and the groundwater gushed out, and the depth of the water was several feet deep, washing away and drowning thousands of people. The founding general Sun Jian died, and Si ordered Zhao Hong to serve as the founding general. The Ningshi general Dai Shan returned to his original post, and the Nancheng general Lian Dan served as the general of Ningshi. In February of the third year, an earthquake occurred, and heavy snow fell, especially in the Kanto region, where the snow was deep, and some bamboo and cypress trees died. Wang Yishang of the Great Sikong reported: "After eight years of service, there were no achievements in the work, and Sikong's position was especially close to paralysis, and even the change of earthquake occurred. I would like to ask for retirement. Wang Mang said: "There are small movements in the ground and large earthquakes, and large earthquakes are harmful, and small movements are harmless." "Spring and Autumn" records earthquakes, "Yi system. Kun says that when the earth moves, it opens when it moves, and closes when it is still, and everything happens from this. The occurrence of disasters and strange phenomena has different meanings and roles. Heaven and earth express majesty, to warn myself, what is wrong with you, and to ask for retirement is not to help me with the attitude. Sent the officials to scatter the horseman David Ningnan to tell me what he meant. ”
In May, the system of officials was laid down, which said: "To the nine misfortunes of the Yang, the meeting of one hundred and six, the underuse of the state, the commotion of the people, from the secretary of state below, the lu of January ten cloth two horses, or one horse." To every thought, it is not unkind. Now that the meeting has been completed, although the government has not been replenished, it is slightly given, and it begins with the June Shuo Gengyin, and the officials are given like a system. "The four auxiliary dukes, secretaries, doctors, and scholars, down to the public opinion, all fifteen, and so on." He was one year old and sixty-six, slightly increasing by difference, up to four auxiliaries and becoming Wan Huyun. Mang also said: "Under the whole world, there can be no royal land; the guests of the land can not be the royal subjects." Cover the world. The Zhou Li (周礼) has twenty products of food and shame, and now the princes each eat their own food, the country, and the rule; the pei, ren, and annexed cities eat their yi; the gong, the secretary, the doctor, and the yuan shi eat its food. How much difference, salty with strips. Years of abundance are at best, disasters are damaged, and sorrow and joy are shared with the people. It uses the timekeeping, and those who are fortunate that there are no disasters in the world, the officials are ashamed to prepare their products; that is, if there is a disaster, what is the rate and the loss of food. Eastern Yue Taishi Liguo General Bao Dongfang Sanzhou One Division Twenty-Five Counties; Southern Yue Taifu Former General Bao Nan Er Zhou One Part Twenty-Five Counties; Western Yue Guo Shi Shi General Bao Xi Zhou Two Department Twenty-five Counties; Northern Yue Guo General Wei General Bao Northern Prefecture One Part Twenty-Five Counties; Great Sima Bao Naqing, Yan Qing, Shi Qing, Zuo Qing, Jing Wei, Fu Wei, Zhao, Right Team, Central Zuo Huan Front Seven Departments; Grand Situ Bao Leqing, Dian Qing, Zong Qing, Rank Qing, Wing Lieutenant, Guang Wei, Left Team, Front Team, Central, Right Division, There are five counties; Great SiKong Bao Yu Qing, Yu Qing, Gong Qing Gongqing, DivisionAl lieutenant, lieutenant, prayer team, rear team, and the ten counties of the central hun, and the six divisions and six secretaries, all protect their disasters with the public to which they belong, and also damage their lu at a rate of ten. Lang, congguan, and zhongdu officials who eat the commissioners of the capital of Lu, take the shame of the eunuchs as a festival. Princes, raiders, appointees, vassals, and officials also protect their own disasters. Several people up and down with one heart, persuaded into agriculture, An Yuanyuan Yan. "The system of recklessness is so disturbed that the lessons are unreasonable, and the officials are ultimately not allowed to be ruthless, and each of them is bribed for adultery because of his official position, and he is bribed to give himself a co-dmunication."
Translation: May. Wang Mang issued the system of officials and officials, saying: "I have encountered an unfortunate fate, a cycle of disasters, insufficient state financial expenditure, and people's commotion, from the secretary of state below, a month's feng lu has eighty strands of twine cloth or one silk." Whenever I think about it, there is nothing that is not sad. Now that the difficult period has passed, the national treasury reserves, although still insufficient, are slightly more generous, and should be issued to officials according to the system starting from Gengyin on the first day of June. "From the four assistants, the gong, the secretary, the doctor, the soldier, down to the many staff, a total of fifteen grades. The number of staff members is sixty-six hu in a year, gradually increasing by rank, up to four auxiliaries is 10,000 hu. Wang Mang added, "'There is no place in the whole world that is not the king's land; throughout the country, there is no one who is not a subordinate of the king.' Originally, it was to provide for you with the treasures of the world. The Zhou Li stipulates that there are one hundred and twenty kinds of beautiful food to be offered to the emperor, and now the princes each take the same, the country, and the rule given to them; the knights, the lords, the lords, and the vassals each take the fiefs given to them; and the dukes, secretaries, doctors, and yuanshi each take the land given to them. How many different grades, there are certain regulations. When the harvest is successful, we will try our best to prepare enough according to the etiquette, and when we encounter disasters, we will reduce it and share weal and woe with the people. The number of statistics at the end of the year should be used as a basis, and the whole country was fortunate that there were no disasters, and the good food donated by the Taigong was prepared with their types; The Eastern Yue Taishi division and the Liguo general hooked up with the twenty-five counties of the first part of the three eastern prefectures; the southern Yue Taifu and the former general hooked up with the twenty-five counties of the first part of the two southern provinces; the western Yue Guoshi division and the general NingShi hung hooks with the twenty-five counties of the second department of the western prefecture; the northern Yue guo general and the wei general hooked up with the twenty-five counties of the northern two prefectures; the great Sima and Naqing, Yanqing, Shiqing, Zuoqing and Jingwei, Fuwei, Zhao, right, central and left to the front of the ten counties; the Great Situ and Leqing, Dianqing, Zongqing, Rank Qing, Wing Lieutenant, Guang Wei, and left team The five counties of the front, central, and right armies hung hooks; the Great Sikong and Yuqing, Yuqing, Gongqing, Gongqing, Division Lieutenant, Lieutenant, Prayer Team, Rear Team, and Ten Counties from the Central to the Rear were hooked; and the Six Divisions and the Six Secretaries all hooked up with the ministers to which they belonged to the disasters in the relevant areas, and also reduced the number of qilu according to the percentage. The langguans, attendants, and officials of the capital who received the grain stored in the warehouses in the capital were measured according to the availability or reduction of the good food offered by the eunuchs. The princes, lords, lords, vassals, and various clerks also linked up with disasters in the areas concerned. It is hoped that the monarchs and subjects will work together with one heart and one mind to encourage the promotion of agricultural production and appease the good people. "Wang Mang's system is troubled like this, accounting for the accounting statements of the whole country is not easy to handle, and the officials cannot receive the salary after all, and each of them uses his own power to do bad things, and relies on accepting bribes to provide for his own needs."
It was the fifth day of the month, the west bank of Changpingguan collapsed, and the water of Yongjing did not flow, and it was destroyed and went north. Sending the Great Sikong King Yi Xingshi to see, also played the form, the group of ministers Shangshou, thinking that the so-called "river map" so-called "filling water with soil", the Xiongnu perished Xiangye. Nai sent and zhou mu Song Hong, guerrilla lieutenant Ren Meng and other generals to attack the Xiongnu and reach the border to stop tun. In July, Xin You, the Bacheng Gate Disaster, the so-called Qingmen also in the folk. Pentagram obscurity, eclipse of the sun. Amnesty for the whole world, and reinstate the secretary of state, the doctor, the princes, and the two thousand stones to raise one person each in the four lines. Grand Sima Chen Mao was spared by solar eclipses, and Wu Jianbo Yan was especially Sima Da. On the fifth day of October, Wang Lu Zhu Bird Gate chirped, day and night, Cui Fa waited: "Emperor Yu opened four doors, through the four cong." The door speaker, Ming Dang cultivated the ritual of the first saint, and recruited the people of the four directions. So he ordered all the courtiers to congratulate him, and the four lines he held up entered through the Zhu Bird Gate and took countermeasures. The Pingman general Feng Mao attacked The Town of Jurchen, the soldiers were sick, the deceased Shi Liuqi, the people were given five, yizhou was wasted and not conquered, and the requisition was sent to prison to die. The General Lian Dan and Yongbu Mushi Xiong attacked Jurchen Town, beheaded quite well, and won. Mang Zhengdan, Xiong, Dan, Xiong Wish Yi dispatch, Bi Ke Nai return. Fu Dafu was endowed, and All Yin Feng Ying refused to give, saying, "Since Yue Wei Sui Jiu hated the cattle and the evil beans of the Tongting Pavilion, the accumulation of ten years, the counties and counties have been attacking endlessly." Continue to use Feng Mao, and administer all the government. South of the road, the mountains are dangerous and deep, Ando drives the people to live far away, spending hundreds of millions of dollars, and the officials are away from the poison gas dead Shi Qi. Now Dan and Xiong were afraid of the self-deception meeting, dispatched soldiers and valleys from various counties, and restored the people to take their fourteenth, empty liangzhou, and the merit was finally unsuccessful. It is advisable to dismiss the soldiers and set up a reward for purchase. "Reckless, spare the British official." After that, he felt quite embarrassed, and said: "Ying is not thick." "Fu to The British for Changsha Lian rate." Sun Qing, the king of the Zhai Yi Party, made Tai Yi, Shang Fang, and Qiao Tu jointly peel it off, measured the Five Treasures, and guided their veins with a bamboo feast, knowing that the end was always true, and the cloud could cure the disease. At that time, the ambassador Wuwei sent Wang Jun and The Western Regions Protector Li Chong, the Lieutenant Colonel peng ji, out of the Western Regions, and all the countries welcomed and contributed to the country. Before the kingdoms killed the capital to protect Dan Qin, Jun wanted to attack it, and ordered the commander He Feng and the lieutenant Guo Qinbei to be the general. He surrendered, ambushed and attacked horses, etc., and died. Qin, Feng hou arrived, attacked the old and weak, and returned from the car division into the jam. Mang Baiqin was made a general with a beard. He Feng is a jihu man. The Western Regions have since ceased to exist.
On the fifth day of this month, the west bank of Changpingguan collapsed, blocking the Jing River and breaking the embankment to flow north. Wang Yi, the Great Sikong, was sent to inspect and returned to report the situation, and the ministers congratulated Wang Mang, believing that the construction was what the "River Map" said, "using soil to subdue the water", which was a good omen for the demise of the Xiongnu. Therefore, he sent Song Hong, the governor of the prefecture, and Ren Meng, a guerrilla lieutenant, to lead an army to attack the Xiongnu and arrive at the border and stationed there. In July, a fire broke out at the Gate of Bacheng, which is what the people call Qingmen. On the last day of the month, there was a solar eclipse. A national amnesty was declared. He also ordered the Secretary of State, the princes, and the officials of the two thousand stone ranks to elect one outstanding person in each of the four disciplines of virtue, political affairs, speech, and literature. Grand Sima Chen Mao was dismissed from his post for an eclipse, and Wu Jianbo Yanyou served as Grand Sima (大司馬). On the fifth day of October, the Wang Lu Zhu Bird Gate made a noise, which did not stop during the day and night, and Cui Fa and others said: "Emperor Yu opened the four doors so that he could hear the four directions from afar. Zhu Wumen called, indicating that the new dynasty should cultivate the ritual system of the ancient holy kings and attract the sages from all over the world. So he asked the ministers to congratulate him, and the four outstanding people of the four branches who were elected entered the palace from the Zhuwu Gate to answer the emperor's questions. The Pingman general Feng Mao attacked Jurchen, the soldiers were killed by the plague, 67 out of 10 died, the people's property was expropriated, 5 out of 10, and the people of Yizhou County were exhausted, and the war was not won, Wang Mang transferred him back to prison and died in prison. The Ningshi generals Lian Dan and Yongbu MakiShi Bear were then sent to attack Jurchen, killing some enemies and achieving a certain victory. Wang Mang dispatched Lian Dan and Shi Xiong, and Lian Dan and Shi Xiong hoped to increase their troops and supplies, and they would definitely defeat the enemy completely before returning. He also plundered on a large scale, and the big Yin Kui stem refused to give it, and reported that "since the rebellion of the clans of Suijiu County in Yuehe County and the evil beans in Tongting County, it has been almost ten years since the local military and civilians of the county have resisted. Then feng Mao was appointed and reluctantly pursued a policy of reckless consequences. In the area south of Yandao County, where the mountains were steep and deep, Feng Mao tried his best to drive the people to live far away, and the cost was calculated by hundreds of millions, and the number of officers and soldiers who suffered poison gas deaths reached seven-tenths. Now Lian Dan and Shi Xiong were afraid that they would not be able to complete the task within the prescribed deadline they had promised, so they mobilized soldiers and grain from various counties, plundered the people's property, and took four-tenths of them, making the people in Liangzhou exhausted, but they could not win. Fighting should cease, troops should be sent to defend and cultivate the land, and a reward should be set up by decree to reward those who have made meritorious contributions to the fight. Wang Mang became angry and dismissed Feng Ying from his official position. Later, he realized something and said, "Feng Ying is also inconvenient to blame deeply. He also appointed Feng Ying as the commander of Changsha County. Zhai Yi's henchman Wang Sunqing was caught, and Wang Mang asked the doctor, the pharmacist, and the clever butcher to dissect him together, measure the five internal organs, and use small bamboo branches to penetrate his veins, find out its ins and outs, and explain that it could be used to treat diseases. In this year, he sent special envoys Wuwei to escort Kuichong to lead lieutenant Peng Ji to the western region, and all countries went to the suburbs to greet and offer money. The various countries had previously killed the Unitary Domain Capital, but Wang Bi wanted to attack them, and ordered the deputy marshal Bao Guo and the Lieutenant Emperor to lead the troops to act alone. Yan Qi guo lied about surrender, ambushed the army to attack Wang Jun and others, and all died. Guo Qin and He Feng arrived late, attacked their old and weak remnants, and took the imperial face to turn around and enter the border. Yu Mang appointed Guo Bran as a general outside the town, and was given the title of Maggot King, and was given the title of Ji Hu Nan. Since then, it has severed ties with the countries of the Western Regions.