Speaking of Bo'er only Jin Temujin, perhaps many people do not know who he is, in fact, he is the Khan of the Mongol Empire, the honorific title "Genghis Khan", presumably the name of Genghis Khan is not unfamiliar to many people, many classic TV series adaptations have Genghis Khan, he was born in the upper reaches of the Desert Steppe (now Kent Province, Mongolia), named Temujin, is an outstanding politician and military figure in world history; he has a deep and rough plan, using soldiers like gods.
Boerjin Temujin (1162 – August 25, 1227), courtesy name Genghis Khan, meant "to possess the four sides of the ocean". He was born in the upper reaches of the Nan River (present-day Onnen River) in northern Mobei (present-day Kent, Mongolia). Khan of the Great Mongol Empire (reigned 1206 – 25 August 1227) was an outstanding warrior and statesman in world history.
In 1227, Temujin died of an illness on the way to the Xingbing Army to extinguish xia, at the age of sixty-six. Before his death, he made a strategy of "linking up with the Song Dynasty to destroy jin", and after his death, he was secretly buried in the Qiyuan Valley. After the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty, He was given the title of Emperor Shengwu of the Fa Tianqiyun and Taizu of the Temple.
So today Xiaobian will talk about the legendary life of Emperor Shengwu of the Yuan Taizu Dynasty, only Jin Temujin, let's take a look at it.
A brief biography of Emperor Shengwu of the Yuan Dynasty
Early life
Temujin (Qing Dynasty officially translated as Temujin, also translated as Timur Zhen and Temujin), was born in the thirty-second year of Thesaurus (1162) on the side of the ChuNan River (present-day Onnen River) on the side of the Chu Nan River (present-day Onnen River). It is said that when he was born, he held a blood clot as large as a stone in his right hand.
Temujin's father was the Mongol beggar chief Ye Suo, and his mother, Ha Erlun, was born in the Hongji Labu and was related to the contemptuous beggars, but in the autumn of the thirty-first year of Song Shaoxing (Jin Dading, 1161), he was snatched as a wife by Ye Suo according to the tradition of "snatching relatives" at that time.
When Temujin was born, he also quickly captured temujin Wuge, the leader of the Tatar clan, and in order to celebrate the victory, he gave his eldest son the name "Temujin", which means "the most refined of iron".
Juvenile years
In the sixth year of Song Qiandao (1170, 1170), when Temujin was nine years old (thirteen years old in the New Yuan History), he should also take Temujin with Temujin to the Chole Kuna Tibu, meet Hongjira Tessa in the west of the Urson River, and befriend his daughter Thee, temujin stayed in hongjirabu according to custom.
When he was a child, he was poisoned in wine by the Tatars and the son of Temujin Wuge. After returning home, he was also quickly poisoned, so he summoned Temujin to return home, and then died. After Yasuo's death, the beggars' power declined, and the tribes defected to Taichi Ubu, and Temujin's mother and son brothers fell into trouble.
Temujin's mother and son were left behind by their clansmen in the camp, orphaned and widowed, and their lives were very difficult. In order to feed his young son, He Erlun tightened his clothes and ran day and night on the banks of the Chu Nan River, "picking up the fruit and plucking the grass roots" to raise the young son as an adult. He and his brothers "made needles into hooks, fished in the River of Sorrows, and fished with nets" to support their mother. Temujin's childhood was spent in "such a difficult" situation.
One day in the sculpture of Ha Erlun (the sitting person) and Bo Erti, the four Temujin brothers were fishing together, and Temujin caught a golden fish, which was taken away by Bektier and Belegutai. The previous time Timur had shot a sky sparrow, he was also taken away by Buick Tim. Therefore, Tamerlane, in a fit of rage, asked his brother Hesar to shoot Buick Therre with an arrow. Timurjan's cruel behavior of in the same room immediately aroused the anger of Ha Erlun, quoting the ancient sayings of the ancestors and severely reprimanding them. The words and deeds of Temujin had an impact on his life's career.
Much later, the Tari Kutai of Taichi Ubu feared that the Temujin brothers would grow stronger, so they took the opportunity to attack, and Temujin fled into the Thergut Mountain, but was still captured. Later, he aimed at the opportunity to escape, and was able to escape from the net because of the rescue of the Suo'erhan lost family of the Taichi Wubu people, hiding in a wool cart.
After that, he migrated to Qinghaizi (海子) of Hezhilug (廣廣海子) in the Sangguer River (southeast of present-day Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia) in the Gulen legu Mountains.
Unify the ministries
After Temujin fled, he knew that in order to resist the oppression of Tai chi Wu, he must seek the protection of more powerful forces, so he defected to anda (meaning Qijiao, yi brother) and the leader of the Kelie tribe, Tuoli (later Wang Khan), and honored him as his father and represented his subordinates. From then on, he began to gather strength, collect old people, and move them to the "land of Badji" on the upper reaches of the Krullen River.
Later, Temujin's enemy, The Dehei Tuo'a of the Qi'er Beggars (Tekuya was the brother of Therakuchi, the first husband of Haelun Andehu), Temujin and his brother Berigutai, "Nakol" (meaning Portal Slave) Borshu, and The Wuliangha people Le Contemptuous Bhaeulon hid from Mount Buerhan. Bo Erti and his family members could not escape, and they were taken captive. Temujin, with the help of Wang Khan and the Mongol Zamuhe nobleman Zamuhe, attacked the Beggars in the Buwu River Valley, and won a great victory, not only taking their own people, but also plundering a large amount of property and slaves.
After the war, Temujin and Zamu returned to the land of the Black Lord, and the two re-approached Anda, "camping for more than a year". As Temujin's strength gradually grew, he gradually broke away from Zamuhe and returned to the Sangguer River to set up an independent camp. The original subordinates and some Niluwen Mongol tribes came and went, and all the beggar nobles also moved closer to Temujin, such as the Baruch people Kubilai, the busy People Zhetai, the Wuliangha people Subutai, the Father's Answeri Tai, and the Brother Altan and Kucha'er.
These people re-united to form the Alliance of The Nobles of Qiyan, and in the sixteenth year of Song Chunxi (Jin Dading 29, 1189), they jointly elected Temujin as the leader at Qinghaizi. After Temujin was elected Khan, he immediately established his own guard organization, and ordered Borshu and his brother Humble Chihesar and his half-brother Berigutai to be the chiefs, and set up ten positions such as bows and arrows, swords, horses, drinking, shepherding sheep, horses, and guarding the palace tents, all of which were assigned to his cronies Nakol, forming a team of elites subordinate to himself.
At that time, among the Mongol tribes, the Taichi Wubu nobles were "the most popular people in the land, and they were the strongest", and they naturally could not tolerate the revival of the Beggars. In the first year of Song Shaoxi (1190), Zamuhe and Taichi Ubu and others attacked Temujin with 30,000 troops, and Temujin formed a thirteen-wing army to resist. The two armies fought a great battle in the Field of Theuran version of Zhu Si near the Sangguer River, and Temujin was unable to resist the enemy, so he led his troops to retreat to a narrow area on the Nan river.
Although the Taichi Wubu was victorious, but "there was no internal discipline", the Yans competed for power and were very cruel to the people, while Temujin tried his best to win the hearts and minds of the people and treat the people kindly, so the Niruvan Mongol tribes such as Zhaolie, Wulu, and Huanwu all broke away from Taichiwu and returned to Temujin.
In the second year of Song Qingyuan (7th year of Jin Mingchang, 1196), the Tatar forces rebelled against Jin, were defeated by the jin commandery of Yan Xiang and fled to the Uriza River (in present-day Uleji River, Oriental Province, Mongolia). When Temujin heard the news, he reported to Terry Khan, so Temujin led the Krie army, and Temujin, in the name of "revenge for his father and ancestors", recruited the Mongol army to follow, entered the Churizha River, attacked the Tatar Fort, obtained its leader, and "kidnapped his chariots and horses for food". After Yan Xiang was credited with assisting in the conquest of the rebels, he was given the title of King of Terry, and From then on, Temujin was given the official title of "Ja'ut-quri" (commander of the Various Dynasties).
The Battle of Choriza and the Jin Dynasty's reward greatly increased Temujin's prestige and power. From then on, he could use the tribal chieftain appointed by the Jin Dynasty to rule over the tribes and order the nobles. After returning to the army, Temujin took the opportunity to sneak up on his old camp to avenge his father and ancestors by violating his oath of alliance, refusing to send troops, and taking advantage of the opportunity to sneak up on his old camp, etc., to destroy the beggars and seize their people, thus eliminating the most qualified force in the alliance to compete with him for power.
In the sixth year of Song Qingyuan (5th year of Jin Cheng'an, 1200), Temujin and Wang Khan attacked Taichi Wubu, won a victory in the north of the River, and killed Ta'er Kutai. Then he accompanied Wang Khan into the Hulunbuir grasslands and attacked the departments of Hedajin, Shangu, Duo'erbian, Tatar, and Hongjira, and plundered their people and livestock. Fearing the rise of Temujin, the nobles of the steppe elected Zamu as the "Khan of Guer" (i.e., the Khan of the Khans) and vowed to be the enemy of Temujin.
In the first year of Song Jiatai (Jin Taihe Yuan, 1202), Zamu he gathered the remnants of the Taichi Wu clan and various departments to form a twelve-part coalition to attack Temujin. Temujin and Wang Khan raised an army to meet the enemy, and broke the alliance of Zamuhe in the land of Tanihuoluhan, a tributary of the Haisquir River (Hailar River), and Zamuhe surrendered to Wang Khan.
In the autumn of the same year, Temujin attacked the Tatars and marched to destroy the Tatars in the land of Taranemurgusi (in present-day Lake Bell Hunan), and together with Wang Khan defeated the attack of The barbarian Luhan. Before attacking Tatar, Temujin issued two edicts (i.e., decrees), one is not to be greedy for money during victory, and the property is divided equally after the matter is decided; the other is that during the battle, the soldiers and horses retreat to the original platoon to return to the battle (to prevent the disturbance of the army's position), and the offenders are beheaded. This was Temujin's first legislation after becoming the head of the alliance, and its significance was to increase the power of the khan and restrict the nobles. Later, the beggar nobles who disobeyed the order were also punished by him.
Temujin pursued Theagi Vulture, and was shot in the neck by the Taichi Vulture during the command of the battle, and his life was in danger. He sucked the bruises for him and stole yogurt to save Temujin. Early the next morning, the Taichi Wubu surrendered to Temujin. The fall of the Taichi Wubu removed the great obstacle to Temujin's unification of the Mongol tribes, and his generals such as tetsubetsu and Nagaa became Temujin's right-hand man in conquering the world.
For a long time, Temujin had been a vassal of King Khan, following him in his conquests, skillfully using the power of Krie to increase his power, eliminating the hostile nobles within the Mongols and eliminating the powerful tribes in the eastern region. Temujin's growing power aroused the suspicion of Wang Khan and his son Yi hexiankun, and Mongol nobles such as Zamuhe and Press Bomb also urged Wang Khan to get rid of him. In the spring of the fourth year of Song Jiatai (Jin Taihe, 1203), The Father and Son of Wang Khan planned to make a false marriage contract, invited Temujin to drink "Buhun Cha'er" (engagement banquet), took the opportunity to murder, Temujin got a secret report, and hurriedly reorganized the armament war.
Wang Khan plotted to attack and sent troops to attack, and the two sides fought at Helan Zhenshatuo (in present-day northern Part of Uzumuqin Banner, Inner Mongolia), and Temujin was defeated and his troops were scattered (see Battle of Helan Zhenshatuo). He retreated to the Haraha River and recovered from the 4,600 horses, and then moved to the Banjuni River (also known as the Baalzhuna River, southwest of present-day Hulun Lake) to recuperate. At that time, Temujin was in a very difficult situation, so that he shot wild horses for food, drew muddy water to drink, so he "raised his hand to the heavens" and swore an oath to the Nakors who followed him: "Let me determine the great cause, and be happy and bitter with all people." Gou Yu's words are like the water of the river. "Drinking the water of the Zhuni River with the class" has become a good story of Temujin's hard work and has entered the annals of history.
After Wang Khan won, he became more proud of his enemies. After Temujin's vitality gradually recovered, he discovered that Wang Khan was feasting and entertaining at The Capital Mountain (present-day upper reaches of the Krullen River), and was defenseless, so he led his army to sneak attack and besiege Wang Khan's tent, and after three days and three nights of fierce fighting, he defeated his main force. Wang Khan fled west into the territory of Naiman and was killed by Naiman's generals. Yi Laihe fled to Western Xia, was expelled, and then transferred to Quxian (present-day Kucha, Xinjiang), where he was also killed by the locals. The Krebu were all annexed by Temujin. At this point, he completely conquered all the tribes from Daxing'anling in the east to Hangai Mountain in the west, and the "imperial industry" was basically laid.
The demise of Ke Lie shocked the rulers of the Naiman tribe, and in the fourth year of Song Jiatai (Jin Taihe 4th year, 1204), the self-proclaimed leader of the Naiman tribe, Sun Khan, decided to send an army to attack the Mongols and sent envoys to link the Wanggubu in the south of the desert, but failed, and the Wanggu tribe sent Naiman's emissaries and intelligence to Temujin.
After Temujin received the report, it was decided to gather the generals and horses by the Halaha River, organize them according to a thousand households, a hundred households, and ten households, appoint Nayan at all levels, and establish a guard army. He then led his army westward against the Krullen River and deployed at the Sari River (between the upper reaches of the present-day Krullen and Tula rivers). In addition to leading the army of naiman headquarters, the Sun Khan also collected a group of Mongol and Kelie scattered nobles such as Zamuhe, who despised Er beg and led the troops to help, and there were many troops, but the military discipline was scattered, internal contradictions were numerous, and the Sun Khan was cowardly and incompetent.
When the Nai barbarian army advanced to Naku Kunshan, east of the Orkhon River, the Mongol army also arrived, and Zamuhe and others saw that the Temujin army was very prosperous and difficult to win, that is, it was dispersed from the Sun Khan. The barbarian army was defeated, sun khan was wounded and captured, and died soon after; his son Qu Chulu led the remnants to flee west and defected to his uncle Luhan. Temujin took advantage of the victory to march to Mount Altay and conquered the Naimanbu. Zamuhe fled to Mount Tsuru (present-day Tangnu Mountain) and was captured and executed by five Nakils who followed him. After the destruction of the Sun Khan, Temujin immediately sent an army to attack the three surnames of Qi'er Beg, and its leader escaped and fled ben, who did not want Luhan, and The Qi'er Begbu was also conquered.
Built known as Khan
After Temujin unified the tribes of the Mongolian plateau, in the spring of the second year of the Song Dynasty (Jin Taihe, 1206), at the source of the Nan River (present-day Onnen River), the "Khural" (Mongolian: Khural, meaning "great gathering") was held to assemble the Mongol nobles. It is said that the shaman of the Hoang Hoan Tan clan , Kukuo Chu ( " Thebtengiri " , meaning " spokesperson of the heavens " ) said: "Now the monarchs of the nations on earth called Guerhan have been conquered by you, and their territories are under your rule, so you should also have the honorific title of Khan of the whole world." By the will of Heaven, your title shall be Genghis Khan. So the kings and courtiers gave Temujin the honorific title of "Činggis Qaγan" (translated as "Qingjisi", meaning "Khan with the four sides of the sea", and the other meaning "terrible" and "strong").
Subsequently, Temujin built the Jiuyi White Silk, with the name of the tribe as the name of the country, called "Great Mongolia" (also the Mongolian Ullas) After Temujin ascended the throne, he implemented the thousand-household system of military and political integration, expanded the Chinese army to guard the Xue Army, and established a guard army belonging to the Great Khan; promulgated the Great Zaza (Bao Pei transcribed: Yehe Zasag), which is the world's first set of widely used written codes.
Attack Western Xia
After the unification of the various departments of the Mongolian plateau, the continuation of the war of plunder against neighboring countries became their goal. Temujin once said to his sons who were quarreling over the right to inherit: "The land under the heavens is vast, and the rivers are numerous, and you can expand your camp and conquer the kingdoms." He also instructed the generals: "The greatest pleasure of a man is to subdue the crowd, to defeat the enemy, to take everything he has, to ride his horse, and to take his beautiful wives and concubines." ”
After the founding of the Mongol State, it began to launch a large-scale war of conquest against the outside world. Temujin aimed his spearhead at the Western Xia and Jin Dynasties, and adopted the strategy of "first weak and then strong", first attacking the economically rich and occupying the strategically important Western Xia.
From March of the first year of the Song Dynasty (Jin Taihe 5th year, 1205), Temujin launched the first predatory attack on the Western Xia border, breaking through Jili Village (present-day Zhongwei, Ningxia) and Jingluosi City, capturing a large number of people and livestock.
In the autumn of the third year of the Song Kaixi (Jin Taihe VII, 1207), the Mongols invaded Western Xia for the second time and occupied the city of Wulahai, and the Xia Fang gathered the right wing of the various road armies to resist, and the Mongol army did not dare to go deep, and the following year (1208) retreated in March.
In the second year of Song Jiading (Jin Da'an Yuan Year, 1209), the Third Mongol Attack on Xia. Emperor Xiangzong of Xia ordered the crown prince Li Chengzhen (李承祯) as his commander-in-chief and the governor of the capital, Linggong Gaoyi (高逸), who led an army of 50,000 to resist the enemy, but was defeated by the Mongol army, and Gao Yi was captured and died unyieldingly. In April, the defenders of Wulahai City surrendered, and the Mongol commander drove straight in, and after two months of stalemate, ji captured the Xia foreign guards to rush to the Keyi Gate guard, and took the Keyi Gate and entered the Xia capital Zhongxing Province (present-day Yinchuan, Ningxia). Temujin ordered the river to flood the city, because of the external embankment, the Mongol military camp was poured down, so he had to withdraw the siege, sent people to negotiate peace, forced Li An to sacrifice his daughter to seek peace, agreed to attach Mongolian attack gold, and paid tribute every year.
In the tenth year of Song Jiading (1217), the Mongol army recruited yu Xia, but did not respond, crossed the Yellow River, and then invaded Western Xia, and the following year (1218) in the first month of the first month directly arrived at Zhongxing City, Xia Shenzong Li Zunyu fled to Xiliangzhou. Soon after, the envoys were sent to surrender, and the Mongols withdrew.
In the seventeenth year of Song Jiading (1224, the first year of Jin Zhengda), Temujin sent an army to attack Xia and capture Yinzhou (yinzhou) (present-day Mizhixi, Shaanxi). In the second year of Song Baoqing (the third year of Jin Zhengda, 1226), Temujin led his army to launch a large-scale war to destroy Xia because of the Western Xia's "enemies". In June of the following year (1227), the late Xia Emperor Li Xi surrendered, and Western Xia perished.
Go south to attack Gold
Long before the founding of the Mongol Empire, Temujin had an understanding of the Political Corruption, Lax Armament, and Serious Internal Contradictions of the Jin Dynasty. In the first year of Song Jiading (Jin Taihe VIII, 1208), Jin Zhangzong died after Yan Jing died, and King Wei completed Yan Yongji to the throne. In the past, Temujin had paid tribute to Jingzhou (present-day northwest of the Four Sons of Inner Mongolia), and Yan Yongji had been ordered to pay tribute, so Temujin had seen him and knew that he was incompetent. After Yan Yongji ascended the throne, he sent envoys to pass on the edict to Mongolia. Temujin saw that such a mediocre person could also be the emperor of the Central Plains, so he despised the Jin Dynasty even more, refused to bow down and accept the edict, and went north on horseback. Yan Yongji was furious when he heard the news and planned an attack on Mongolia. Temujin did not believe it at first, and after receiving a secret report from the Jin Army, he decided to preemptively attack.
In the fourth year of Song Jiading (the third year of Jin Da'an, 1211), Temujin personally led a large army to attack Jin under the pretext of avenging his ancestors (Mongol leaders such as Baba Boy Khan had been executed by the Jin Dynasty for rebellion). The main force of the Mongol army broke through the roadside wall in the northwest of Jin, breaking through The Wusha Fort (present-day northwest of Zhangbei, Hebei) and the Wuyue Camp. The commander of the Jin Northwest Road Commandery, Yan Chengyu, fearing the enemy, retreated from Fuzhou (present-day Zhangbei, Hebei) to Xuanping (present-day southwest of Zhangjiakou), losing Chang (present-day Jiulian City of Taibu Temple Banner in Inner Mongolia), Huan (present-day Zhenglan Banner North of Inner Mongolia), and Fusan Prefecture (福三州). The Jin army claimed to be 300,000, according to Shouye Fox Ridge (in present-day north of WanquanFangbaobao, Hebei), was defeated by Temujin's division, and was pursued by the Mongol army when fleeing to Huanhe Fort (present-day Huai'andong, Hebei). The Mongol army broke into Juyongguan and marched directly into the city of Jinzhongdu (present-day Beijing), and then returned triumphantly. Temujin's sons Shuchi, Chagatai, and Wokoutai led another army from the southwest roadside wall into Jinjing and captured the cities of Jingzhou, Fengzhou (present-day Dongbaita Town, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia), Yunnei (present-day northeast of Tuoketo, Inner Mongolia), Dongsheng (present-day Tokto), Wuzhou (present-day wuzhaibei, Shanxi), and Shuozhou.
In the fifth year of Song Jiading (4th year of Da'an, 1212), the Mongols took advantage of the victory to capture Xuande (present-day Xuanhua, Hebei) and Dexing (present-day Zhuolu, Hebei), and continued to capture the Shanhou Prefectures. During the attack on Xijing (西京, in modern Datong, Shanxi), Temujin was hit by a stream of arrows and withdrew his troops. Its vanguard Tetsubetsu attacked Tokyo (present-day Liaoyang, Liaoning), broke into the city, and plundered back.
In the sixth year of Song Jiading (to the first year of Ning, 1213), Temujin gathered a large army to re-enter Wild Fox Ridge and enter Huailai (present-day Hebei), Jinshan (present-day Yanqing, Beijing) and other places, and after fierce battles, defeated more than 100,000 Jin troops led by Yan Gang and Shuhu Gaoqi and pursued them to Juyongguan. Because juyongguan was strongly defended, Temujin adopted a roundabout encirclement tactic, leaving a small number of troops to attack the key points, and led the main force to the southwest, breaking through the ZijingKou (west of Yi County, Hebei) and trapping Zhuozhuo and Yi prefectures; Tetsubetsu led the elite horse to attack the south pass, attacking inside and outside, and taking Juyongguan. After that, the division of troops surrounded Zhongdu. Temujin led the Right Route Army south along the Taihang Mountains and plundered Hebei West Road, Southeast Hedong, and North Road to reach the Yellow River; his brother Hasar and others led the Left Route Army to plunder Jiji, Ping (present-day Lulong, Hebei), and Luan Prefectures; Temujin himself and his young son Tuolei led the Middle Route Army to plunder Hebei East Road, Shandong East Road, and West Road, and also reached the Yellow River. The Mongolian Third Route Army wantonly slaughtered and plundered the land of the Eighth Road north of the Yellow River, saying that "the people killed several people for thousands of miles in Shandong, the gold, children, cattle, sheep and horses were swept away, the houses were destroyed, and the city was ruined."
In the spring of the seventh year of Song Jiading (Zhenyou II, 1214), the Mongol Three Route Army met, besieged Zhongdu, and sent envoys to the city of Sogong. The newly enthroned Jin Xuanzong was forced to sacrifice Princess Yan Yongji and a large number of golden warriors and virgins to make peace, and Temujin was unable to conquer the city for a while, so he withdrew from Juyongguan. At the same time, he ordered the generals Mu Huali and Ma Bao to capture the Eastern liaoning and western regions. In May, Jin Xuanzong moved south to Nanjing (present-day Kaifeng, Henan), and the Qi army near Zhongdu mutinied and surrendered to Mongolia, and Temujin, using Jin's "default" to move the capital as an excuse, sent troops to besiege Zhongdu again, and used the strategy of besieging the city to help and surrender, and captured and surrendered the county of Jinzhou.
In May of the eighth year of Song Jiading (Zhenyou 3rd year, 1215), Zhongdu fell, and Temujin sent lost luck and fortune to transport gold, silver, pearls, and brocade to the camp. Taking the Zabaer fire as "the north of the Yellow River tiemen pass (Juyongguan) and the south of the world's capital Daru Huachi", he and Shi Moming'an jointly guarded the capital of Zhongdu. At the same time, he was entrusted with important duties by Jin Chen and Khitan Yelü Chucai. In the process of collecting gold, Temujin adopted the advice of Shi Moming'an and Wang Yi and changed the massacre into a surrender, so that the Jin army could meet the wind and surrender. In order to meet the needs of the siege, Temujin adopted the strategy of the generals and gradually established an artillery army, and the siege of the city was based on artillery stones. Later, siege operations, a single use of artillery to reach hundreds, quickly broke the city. At the same time, in order to absorb the advanced technology of various nationalities, craftsmen and artists were plundered everywhere, and tens of thousands of people were plundered in one city. Subsequently, the artisan army was built, and a factory was set up to smelt iron to make weapons. In the communication and communication, the "arrow speed transmission" was created, and the daily speed was hundreds of miles, and the speed of military order transmission and army dispatch was increased.
In the spring of the ninth year of Song Jiading (Zhenyou 4th year, 1216), the Mongol army retreated to northern Mobei. The following year (1217), Temujin granted Muhuali the White Banner of the Nine Heavens representing the authority of the Great Khan, allowed him to undertake the work, and made him the king of Taishi, and ordered him to command the five ministries including Zashi Yi'er, as well as the Khitan, Jurchen, and Han armies, to conquer the Jin Dynasty. MuhuaLi learned from the Jin Dynasty system and established a military ruling institution in the Yan and Yun regions, which the Han people called "Duxing Province"; he also drew troops and horses from the Mongol armies under his command to form five Tanma Red Army, and appointed his generals to lead them as vanguards and townspeople. In accordance with Temujin's will to "recruit Haojie and determine the untouched cities", he recruited bureaucrats and local tycoons from all over the country and used them to expand the occupied areas, such as The Brothers Shi Tianni and Shi Tianze of Zhending (present-day Zhengding, Hebei), Zhang Rou of Yizhou, Yanshi of Dongping, Zhang Rong of Jinan, and Li Quan of Yidu.
The Jin Dynasty also adopted a policy of enlisting local tycoons. During this period, the Mengjin War north of the Yellow River was mainly manifested in the struggle for city and land between the local tycoons and armed forces on both sides, forming a state of tug-of-war. Until the death of Song Jiading in the sixteenth year (jin yuanguang ii, 1223), after six years of conquest, Muhuali conquered Hebei and Shandong of the Jin Dynasty. After Mu Huali's death, his son Bo Lu attacked the post and continued to attack the Heshuo regions.
Lead the army to the west
Soon after temujin's founding, he subdued the eight thorns, the huri, and the bald hemp in the east and west of Lake Baikal, and sent envoys to the giligis department to send edicts to make their chiefs pay tribute. Later, because of the beauty of the bald and mabu of the child Chi Na Yan to the bald hemp department, it provoked resistance. In the tenth year of Song Jiading (5th year of Jin Zhenyou, 1217), Genghis Khan sent the general Borku to command a crusade, and was attacked and killed by the Bald Ma people, so he sent another general to requisition it before he was pacified.
Because the Giligis tribe refused to send troops to assist the Mongols in their crusade against the Bald Mabu, Temujin sent a Shu Chi commander to recruit in the eleventh year of Song Jiading (jin Xingding II, 1218), first taking the "Eight Rivers" (the source of the Urukmu River) and crossing the Qian River (present-day upper reaches of the Yenisei River), conquering the departments of Wusi, Shakhe Ji Na, Kang Hesi, Vulture, and Brigati, advancing on Giligis, and pursuing it to the Yima'er River (present-day Ob River) and surrendering it. In the west, the lost fans, Thelianggu, and the lost bi'er all descended.
Between the first year of Song Jiading (Jin Taihe VIII, 1208) and the fourth year of Song Jiading (Jin Da'an III, 1211), the Mongol general Kublai, while leading his army to sweep away the remnants of Naiman and Qili at Shihe (present-day Irtysh River), he successively surrendered the former Western Liao vassal states of Wu'er (present-day Jimsar and Turfan, Xinjiang) and Hashiru (present-day Huochengxi, Xinjiang). After fleeing to the Western Liao capital of Husi 'er (present-day southwest of Tokmak, Kyrgyzstan), Naiman's Qu Chulu designed to usurp the throne of the Western Liao.
In the eleventh year of Song Jiading (1218), Temujin sent Tetsubetsu to lead an army to conquer Qu Chulu and capture him at the land of Sarihuan (present-day Tashkurgan, Xinjiang), where Badaha was wounded. Since then, the territory of the Western Liao Dynasty has been returned to Mongolia, and the Great Mongolian State has bordered the Central Asian power of Hua Thorn Mou.
The destruction of the Farazim Dynasty
In the sixth year of Song Qingyuan (the fifth year of Jin Cheng'an, 1200), HuaZizi Mo Sha'ala Uddin Mahhamad succeeded to the throne, proclaimed himself sultan, expanded vigorously, and planned further eastward expansion after capturing a large amount of land in Western Liao.
In the eighth year of Song Jiading (1215), Mahabharata sent a delegation to the east to investigate the war between The Mongols and the Jin Dynasty. Temujin received the emissaries, expressed his willingness to trade with the flower thorn mold, and sent the envoy to visit back, and at the same time organized a caravan of more than 400 people to go to the flower thorn mold trade.
In the eleventh year of Song Jiading (1218), the caravan arrived at the city of Huazhizi (present-day Zimur, east of the middle reaches of the Syr Darya River in Kazakhstan), and the governor of the city, Khazar Only Lan Bald, coveted the caravan's property, and falsely accused them of being spies, killing them and taking their goods. A surviving camel driver escaped back to Mongolia to report that Temujin was so furious that he sent three emissaries to inquire about the crime, and one was killed by Mahabharata, and the two were deported after being shaved. The Blackmail Incident became an excuse for Temujin to send troops to Central Asia, and war between the two countries was inevitable.
In the summer of the twelfth year of Song Jiading (the third year of Jin Xingding, 1219), Temujin led an army of 200,000 people to cross the Altay Mountains (Altai Mountains), and after the Shihe River of Ye'er was stationed in Xia, he entered the border of Huazhizimo and divided his troops into four ways: Chagatai and Wokoutai besieged the Thorns; Shuchi led an army down the Syr Darya River to capture the cities of Felt and Yangjigan; Ashi Hei Nayan led an army to take the cities of Kushi and other cities in the upper reaches of the Syr Darya River and the Fergana area; Temujin and Toray commanded the Chinese army to the river. Mahabharata heard that the Mongol army had crossed the Syr Darya River and hurriedly retreated from the new capital of Samarkand to the south bank of the Amu Darya River.
In February of the thirteenth year of Song Jiading (Jin Xingding, 1220), Temujin attacked Buhuala, and in March, he besieged Samarkand, conquered it five days later, and launched a destructive policy of plunder and massacre. In addition, Temujin sent 30,000 troops such as Subutai and Tetsubetsu to pursue Mahabharata. Under the pressure of the Mongol army, Mahmud fled westward, and finally escaped to an island near the southern shore of the Sea of Kantiangis (Caspian Sea), where he soon fell ill and died, rumored to have been located by his son Zalandin Minburnu.
After the autumn of the thirteenth year of Song Jiading (4th year of Jin Xingding, 1220), Temujin ordered Tuolei to lead his elite to cross the Amu Darya River and capture the cities in the Khorasan region, and by the summer of the 14th year of Song Jiading (5th year of Jin Xingding, 1221), the cities of Malu, Youshabuer, and Yeli were successively captured. Shuchi, Chagatai, wokoutai and others led the army to besiege Yulong Jiechi for several months and conquer it.
Subsequently, after the unified Chinese army captured the cities along the Amu Darya River, he crossed the Amu Darya River in the fourteenth year of Song Jiading (5th year of Jin Xingding, 1221), took Barihei, entered the Tari Han Village, attacked for seven months, and only broke the city after Tuolei led the army to the meeting. At this time, Zalandin regrouped about 100,000 troops at Kochaning, defeated the 30,000 Mongol army led by the bad luck and baldness at the Baluwan River at the foot of the Hindu Kush Mountains, and regained momentum, and some of the cities of Khorasan that had been occupied by the Mongols revolted. Temujin rallied with the various armies, crossed the Hindu Kush Mountains, and took advantage of the discord within Zalandin and the dispersion of the various tribes to defeat the Zalandin army on the north bank of the Shen River (Indus) in November of the same year, forcing it to flee to India.
In the spring and summer of the fifteenth year of Song Jiading (jin xingding 6th year, 1222), the Mongol army continued to attack the shen river area and suppress the rebellion in the cities of Khorasan. The Mongol army led by Ba Lai continued to pursue Zalandin, but there was no trace of it, and it was a hot summer, and the Mongols could not adapt to the climate of north India, so they withdrew in the fourteenth year of Song Jiading (jin xingding six years, 1223). In October of that year, Temujin ordered the class master.
In the seventeenth year of Song Jiading (the first year of Jin Zhengda, 1224), he went to Shihe in Ye'er to stay in Xia, and returned to the Tula River Palace in February of the following year (1225). After Temujin captured Huarazimo, he ordered his eldest son Shuchi to guard the town and set up Daru Huachi in each city.
Western Expedition to Eastern Europe
After completing the task of pursuing Mahama, the Mongols' first western expedition to the west was ordered to continue raiding the cities of central and western Persia. In the spring of the fifteenth year of Song Jiading (the sixth year of Jin Xingding, 1222), he invaded Guerduan (Kingdom of Georgia) and Lost Bay, crossed the Taihe Mountains (Caucasus Mountains) from Tarban (present-day Derbent, Dagestan Republic of Russia), and successively broke through the Alan and Chincha departments, and stationed in the land of Chincha in winter. At the request of the Chincha chief Yuriji, the Princes of Rus decided in Kiev to unite against the Mongols and kill the emissaries sent by Subutai and Tetsubetsu.
In May of the fourteenth year of Song Jiading (6th year of Jin Xingding, 1223), the Mongols and the Combined Forces of Rus' and Chincha fought east of the Calgarh River, and because the Princes of Rus were not united with each other and could not fight together, they were finally defeated by the Mongol army one by one. The forces of Subutai and Zhebetsu raided the south of Rus and then eastward, passed through the Volga River, and then attacked the Bulgars (the victory or defeat of this battle is disputed), and then returned to Mongolia from the caspian sea and the north of the Aral Sea. This expedition, which brought the Mongol army as far as the Crimean Peninsula, was the first western expedition.
He died of illness
In the autumn of the first year of Song Baoqing (the second year of Jin Zhengda, 1225), Temujin returned to Mobei after seven years of western expeditions. The following year (1226), due to the Western Xia's betrayal, Temujin insisted on personally conquering the Western Xia despite the sixty-four-year-old age. From the north and south of the desert, he first took heishui city, destroyed the army of the various military divisions in western Xia, and then went south along the Ejina River to the Hun Chu Mountain to escape the summer. Subsequently, they successively captured Shazhou (present-day dunhuangxi, Gansu), Suzhou (present-day Jiuquan, Gansu), Ganzhou (present-day Zhangye, Gansu), Xiliangfu (present-day Wuwei, Gansu), and Lingzhou (southwest of present-day Lingwu, Ningxia), and besieged Zhongxing Province. Emperor Xianzong of Xia, Li Dewang, died of fear, and was succeeded by his nephew Emperor Li Xi.
After Zhongxing Province was besieged for a long time, the emperor was forced to send envoys to seek peace at the end of the summer. In the spring of the third year of Song Baoqing (the fourth year of Jin Zhengda, 1227), Temujin sent a part of his army to besiege Zhongxing Province, and he led his army south into Jinjing, captured Lintao Province and other places, and stayed at Liupan Mountain in Xia to recuperate. After his illness was critical, he asked his sons to unite and support the succession of the third son WoKoutai, and left a will: use the Song and Jin shi feuds to pass through the Song realm and unite the Song to destroy the Jin.
On July 12 (August 25, 1227), Temujin died of illness in Qingshui County (present-day Gansu) under the Liupan Mountains at the age of sixty-six (the History of the Mughals is recorded as seventy-one, and the History of the New Yuan is recorded as seventy-three). He was buried in the Valley of the Kent Mountains. Subsequently, the Mongol generals accepted the surrender of the late Summer Emperor and killed him in accordance with Temujin's will.
Wo Kuotai and Tuolei followed Temujin's legacy and destroyed the Jin Dynasty at the Battle of Caizhou in the first year of the Song Dynasty (Jin Tianxing III, 1234). From the Yuan Dynasty to October of the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (1265), the Ancestors of the Yuan Dynasty posthumously honored the Temujin Temple as Taizu. In October of the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (1266), he was posthumously awarded the title of Emperor Shengwu. In December of the second year of the Yuan Dynasty (1309), Emperor Wuzong of Yuan added the four characters of "Fa TianqiYun". Thereafter, Temujin was made emperor of the Fa Tianqi Yun Shengwu Emperor.
Related Topic: Why should He use the name of his enemy to name his son Genghis Khan?
The birth of Genghis Khan is undoubtedly the most important event in Mongolian history, and like many imperial generals, saints, and heroes, Genghis Khan was destined to be extraordinary from the moment he was born. So what happened when Genghis Khan was born? Why should you name your son after an enemy?
This child looks very beautiful, very handsome, everyone praises, after this child was born, the elders in the clan found that one of the child's hands was tightly held and could not be opened, so this elder came up and gently pulled the child's small hand open, opened it, the child held a piece of coagulated blood in his hand, the color was as bright as a ruby, everyone felt that this was really a natural stranger, this child must be a remarkable extraordinary figure.
Then he hurried to deliver a letter to Yago. Soon it should be rushed to the time, and it should be heard quickly, everyone said that not only did the child look beautiful, but also held a piece of blood in his hand, the crying was unusually loud, and it was simply unbelievable to break through the long sky, and then he should also rush over in three steps and two steps, pick up the child and take a look, and sure enough, as everyone said, the piece of blood that the child held in his hand, the shape of the two pointed spears, should also be very happy to lift this child high above his head and tell everyone, this is the wolf king of the steppe, this is the leader of the Mongols in the future.
See the piece of blood he's holding in his hand? This is the symbol of our nation, our nation is endless, through ups and downs, the future development and growth, hope is pinned on this child, so everyone pulled out a long knife together to stab the blue sky, loudly cheered, well, finally look forward to such a wise young lord turned out to be born, I feel very remarkable. Everyone was proud to have given birth to such an extraordinary son.
Then he hurried back to his camp and reported the passage, including the battle with the Tatars, and the birth of a son by Lady Khao Erlun, to Kutula, who was already very ill at this time.
After listening to the report of the fast and fast, Kutula was particularly happy, and the old man was very pleased and very happy. This is great, you see I finally see the next generation again, our golden family has added a new Ding, to name the child. What does this kid have to have a name for? Kutu thought for a moment, the other day I fought with Tata'er, and today I have a son, and I have captured Tata's general, Tatar's warrior, Temujin Wuge. Well, I'll name it after the warriors of the enemy I captured.
So he named his newborn son Temujin. Bo Er only Jin Temujin, so what can we see from here? The Mongol tribe was a tribe that respected warriors, naming their children after the warriors of captured enemies. Generally speaking, I despised this captive whom I had caught, so how could I name my own child in the name of a captive? The Mongols didn't see it that way, Temujin was a warrior, he did his best for his tribe for the Tatars, defeated and captured, not shameful, he could do this, very good.
So I also named my child after this warrior, and I hope that my child will be loyal to our tribe in the future, as brave as Temujin, as strong as him, as loyal as he is.
So a nation that respects warriors is a great nation, especially a hero who respects the enemy, the enemy is heroic, and you defeat it, proving that you are more heroic. So praise the enemy, praise the enemy, but he is so powerful, so brave, I can overcome it, in fact, reflecting that he is stronger and more noble. Therefore, it is also quick to name his children after the captured enemy general Temujin.
Demystified: What exactly does this Temujin mean?
There have always been many opinions, some think that it is the meaning of iron, some say that it is the meaning of blacksmith, and some say that it is the meaning of steel, I personally feel that it should be the meaning of steel, more explained, it is impossible to say that such a tribal leader should soon be named, blacksmith, does he hope that his son will be a blacksmith in the future, saying that it is called iron, if iron is compared with steel, iron can be made into steel. So I think Temujin means King Kong.
Kutula was relieved to see that he had an alternate generation, and the Golden Family had added such an extraordinary child with blood clotted blood in his hand, so Kutula was very pleased. Kutula said that people will always die in a hundred years, and I don't have much time. So I hope that after I die, you can take over the position of tribal leader, and what is in front of you is a heavy burden, you don't feel that this is a big bargain, I am giving you a thousand pounds of burden to bear.
You see when the steppe rises together, we Mongolian department strong forests around, the north has a contemptuous beggar in the east there is a Tatar, it is not easy for our Mongolian department to survive and develop, you must pay attention to doing things calmly, boldly, and carefully, so that you can be a good tribal leader. I should also listen to my uncle's teachings, and then watch my uncle dying, so I should also be very painful, constantly crying, constantly nodding my head and saying yes, uncle, you can rest assured, after you are gone, I will definitely take our tribe on the road to prosperity. You can rest assured that you will not live up to the love of your old man. When Kutula saw the person he had passed on, he closed his eyes in relief and quickly inherited the position of leader.
Related question: How powerful is Yuan Taizu Bo'er Only Jin Temujin?
If everyone regards Genghis Khan as an entrepreneur, then the entrepreneurs of our era today are simply weak. How to say it, Genghis Khan was originally just a child on the steppe, and the Kind of Mongol tribe where their family lived was a very small tribe, really only very small, a few people, that is, they did not know that they could die at any time.
Children who grow up in this environment should live a very ordinary life. But he didn't, what did he do? The territory he took 25 years to conquer was completed by Rome in nearly 400 years. How big was the land that Genghis Khan conquered? For example, all the conquerors in history did not occupy more territory than he occupied, and he had at least twice as many territories as the previous conquerors. The entire area of Mongolia at that time was about 31 million square kilometers. In today's terms, it is about the area of more than thirty countries today. Such a large area was ruled by the Mongols.
Pretty big haha! And then there it is! The greatest thing I think is his army, that is, how many people are in the army that he fights? To give a number, at that time, the total population of Mongolia was more than 1 million, and Genghis Khan's army was only one-tenth, about 100,000 people, and now a gymnasium is more than 100,000 people! This is what later generations called the Mongol army, that is, the Mongol army of 100,000 people, which swept the world and reached the European Mediterranean, ruling more than 30 million square kilometers of land. In addition to this, he also redivided the boundaries of the world, and he saw that there were many small countries of that kind, and merged them, and then there was now the largest country in the world (Tsarist Russia).
In India, there was a Mughal dynasty called the Mughal Dynasty, which was actually founded by a son of Genghis Khan and ruled India for about seven hundred years. It was not until the late Sunburst Empire (Britain) established colonies in India. I think the most powerful thing is what, you see, all the great conquerors in history. For example, Julius Caesar, Alexander, Napoleon, these people do not seem to have a good death, either killed by their own men or exiled to Corsica. Even if he was betrayed by his own men, Genghis Khan was almost never betrayed by his own men in his lifetime, and his men were very supportive of him, and he finally quietly left this beautiful world in his tent.
Later, his grandson Kublai Khan posthumously honored Genghis Khan as Taizu. In 1266, the Taimiao Temple was built, and the temple number was honored, and the Yuan Dynasty ancestors posthumously honored Genghis Khan as the Shengwu Emperor. In 1309, Emperor Yuanwuzong added the honorific title of Emperor Tianqiyun to Emperor Shengwu of the Fa Tianqiyun.
What is the historical contribution of Yuan Taizu Bo'er Only Jin Temujin?
The Great Mongol State was established, and since then it has launched many wars of foreign conquest, conquering the black sea coast of Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Temujin's greatest contribution to China was that his empire laid the foundation of Tibet (Tibet) and incorporated the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau into the Central Plains Dynasty, connecting the Central Plains with the Plateau. To this day Tibet remains an integral part of China. This is all the credit of Genghis Khan, the "generation of heavenly pride".
Genghis Khan was a military genius, and his military expansion promoted the unification of the Mongol tribes; but he was too advocating force, and after occupying a large area of land, he slaughtered on a large scale, and he was not able to subjectively promote the development of social productivity, culture, etc., but used the model of nomadic tribes to rule these territories, objectively preventing the development of society.
How to objectively evaluate yuan taizu boer only jin temujin
Temujin is a highly controversial figure, and scholars from different countries at home and abroad have studied and discussed it from different angles. Since its rise, it has been regarded as a barbaric and cruel aggressor, and in modern times it has also been called "the promoter of world civilization". His war on the unification of the Mongol tribes played an important role in the formation of the Mongolian national community. The wars of foreign conquest waged by the Mongol Empire under temujin and his successors promoted the interaction between Eurasia and still have an impact on the course of world history today.
The mystery of the death of Yuan Taizu Bo'er Only Jin Temujin
Temujin Temujin was the founding emperor of the Great Mongol Kingdom, and at the same time, Boerjin Temujin was also the founder of the Yuan Dynasty. In addition, during the reign of Bo'er Jin Temujin, there were still many contributions to China and even the world. The most talked about Bo'er Only Jin Temujin is the cause of his death, so how did Bo'er Only Jin Temujin die? At that time, the cause of Temujin's death was also the focus of many people's discussions, about the cause of death of Temujin, there are several theories below, let's take a look at it.
1, infection said
In the autumn of the second year of Song Baoqing (1226, the third year of Jin Zhengda), Temujin launched a war against Western Xia under the pretext that Western Xia did not abide by the treaty. He vowed to destroy Western Xia, but encountered stubborn resistance from the Western Xia military and civilians. After nearly a year of long siege, the Mongol army captured Lingzhou. The Battle of Lingzhou depleted the main force of Western Xia, and after the fall of the city, the capital of Western Xia, Xingqing Province, had become the pocket of the Mongol army. At this time, Genghis Khan was infected with fever, coupled with the old injuries he had suffered before, which caused complications and unfortunately died.
2. Death from incurable diseases is said
According to the history of the conquest of the world, when Genghis Khan returned to his old camp in the east from the west, in order to fulfill his long-cherished wish, he attacked Tang Wu (Western Xia). He eliminated the evil deeds of the enemy in the region and conquered all of Western Xia. At this time he suffered from an incurable disease caused by bad weather. Genghis Khan's condition was getting worse and worse, and he died, which is consistent with the official historical record, but this does not explain that Genghis Khan fell from his horse wrong.
However, the history of the Mongols is accurately documented. The History of Mongolian Gold is a chronicle of the Mongols. It was written by the Mongolian scholar Lobzang Tenjin in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Together with the secret history of Mongolia and the origin of Mongolia, it has become one of the three famous works of mongolians in the world and is famous all over the world. It mainly records the history of Genghis Khan's unification of the Mongolian steppe, his ascension to the status of a khanate, and the rule of his descendants in Mongolia. It is a relatively complete ancient history of the Mongols, inheriting from the top to the bottom.
3, fall to death said
It is said that in 1226 AD, the betrayal of the Western Xia made Genghis Khan very angry. Genghis Khan decided to destroy Western Xia. The Mongol cavalry was on the verge of collapse. But at the last critical moment in Mongolia and Western Xia, the great Genghis Khan suddenly fell ill and died soon after. A generation of heavenly pride, heroes falling, steppe eagles seem to be calling, desert blue sky seems to be no longer blue, are silently sending this hero.
Official records of Genghis Khan's death are unclear and sparse. In the history of the Yuan Dynasty, there is such a record: "Autumn and July noon, no hesitation." He is ugly, and he collapsed in the palace of the old man of Sari Chuanha". According to volume 14 of the Secret History of the Yuan Dynasty, "Since Genghis lived in winter, he wanted to conquer Tang Wu (Western Xia). From the new hour of military horses, to the autumn of the year of the dog (1226 AD) ... Genghis fell on his horse and fell, so he camped on the ground. ”
According to the fourteenth volume of the Secret History of the Yuan Dynasty, Genghis Khan fell off his horse during the Western Xia expedition, causing a recurrence of the old disease, and finally the old disease recurred and died. This claim is the most credible of all the claims, as it can also be found in other historical sources. Genghis Khan fought on horseback all his life and eventually fell off his horse and died. This is a shame for the Mongols to grow up on horseback. So in history, historians have chosen to hide the true cause of Genghis Khan's death. Saying that this reason also makes future generations feel incredible.
4, the middle arrow said
Marco Polo's Travels records that Marco Polo was an Italian merchant in the 13th century. He came to China in 1275 and spent 17 years with the Yuan Dynasty. Marco Polo said that when Genghis Khan attacked Western Xia and besieged Taijin, Genghis Khan's knee was hit by a poisonous arrow from Western Xia soldiers. Due to his advanced age and the poisonous arrow attacking the heart, his injuries became more serious. Genghis Khan was exhausted and died in Western Xia. But there are also those who suspect that Genghis Khan could not have been shot. Moreover, in his later years, Genghis Khan did not go directly to the battlefield, but sat in the rear.
5. Assassination theory
Li An, the seventh prince of Western Xia, panicked when he learned that Genghis Khan was coming. Knowing that he could not fight Genghis Khan, Lee changed his strategy of attaching himself to the Jin Dynasty and handed over his daughter to Genghis Khan.
In fact, in addition to getting married, Li Security also had a purpose, that is, to take the opportunity to assassinate Genghis Khan. Although Genghis Khan obtained the Princess of Western Xia, he could not give up his ambitious attack on Western Xia.
So when the princess learned that Genghis Khan still wanted to destroy the Western Xia, the Western Xia princess took advantage of the night to assassinate Genghis Khan to protect the Western Xia.
6, the Princess of Xixia bites to death and said
The Mongolian Origins records that Genghis Khan attacked The Western Xia, who begs and surrenders, and sacrifices some beautiful women, including the Princess of the Western Xia, at the request of Genghis Khan. The Princess of Xixia hated Genghis Khan so much that when Genghis Khan molested her, she bit genghis Khan's lower body. Genghis Khan bled profusely and died that day.
7, by lightning to kill said
Mongols are superstitious "the heavens warn the filial piety with lightning", Genghis Khan because of provoking his mother to be angry and led to the death of his mother, there is a suspicion of filial piety, so he was particularly afraid of lightning, in the summer of 1227, Genghis Khan mistakenly entered the minefield, was struck by lightning and died.
8, was trampled to death by a horse
The Secret History of Mongolia, Volume XIV, compiled by the Mongols, records that "Genghis lived in winter and wanted to conquer Tang Wu. From the new hour of military horses, to the autumn of the year of the dog, to conquer Tang Wu, and the lady also followed the line. In the winter, Yu'er was hunting on the ground, Genghis rode a red sand horse, and was startled by wild horses, and Genghis Khan fell off his horse. "After falling off his horse, he was trampled to death by the horse behind him.
9, poisoning said
There is also a folk legend that this kind of saying of "poisoning theory" comes from the dispute between the sweat reserves of Bo'er Only Jin Wo Kuotai and Bo Er Only Jin Tuolei.
It is said that in his later years, Genghis Khan became more and more dissatisfied with Wokoutai and wanted to change the tow as a reserve sweat, and in order to maintain his own sweat position, when he drank with Genghis Khan, he poisoned Genghis Khan to death.
In short, the historical records record that there are many factors in the death of Yuan Taizu Bo'er Only Jin Temujin, but due to the long age, coupled with the smear of political enemies, etc., the true cause of Genghis Khan's death is no longer available. So exactly which statement makes sense and actually remains to be examined.
Who is yuan taizu boer jin temujin really father?
Yuan Lie's ancestor Bao Er (1134–1170) was a military leader of the Mongol Qiyan tribe. The father of Temujin (Genghis Khan), the father of Temujin Temujin (Genghis Khan), who captured the leader of the Tatar tribe after a war with the Tatar tribe, Tepmujin Wuge, at this time, coincided with the birth of his wife Ha Erlun, so he named his son Temujin.
In 1170, when Temujin was nine years old, he also took Temujin to a friend's house in order to find a daughter-in-law for his son, and Temujin took a fancy to his daughter, Bo Erti, and quickly left Temujin at their house and went home by himself. But on the way home, he met the tatars, the enemy of Yasuo, who was holding a banquet, and someone recognized Yasugo at a glance, so they invited him, but they poisoned him in his food, and they were also poisoned to death.
In October of the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (1266), Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, posthumously honored the temple with the title of Liezu and the title of Emperor Shenyuan.
Who is Yuan Taizu's mother?
Haelen (?) –1207 later), of the Hule Kuna clan, the biological mother of Genghis Khan (Yuan Taizu Temujin). He also became empress dowager and empress dowager. In her early years, she suffered from successive upheavals such as newlywed captivity, poisoning of her husband, and abandonment of her clan. With tenacious perseverance and superhuman talent, she successfully raised the Temujin brothers in the bloody rain, and was famous for her son Genghis Khan, who was known for his son Genghis Khan.
Who are the brothers of Yuan Taizu Bo'er Jin Temujin?
1. 孛兒只金拙赤合士 (Cyrillic Mongolian: Жочи Хаср, between 1164 and 1219), also known as 槊只合sar, Hessar (Qasar), Habtu Hasar (Cyrillic Mongolian: Хавт Хасар), the real name was humble, Hesar is the title, according to Rashter's "History" is the meaning of the beast.
Also the second son, genghis Khan's younger brother. He followed Genghis Khan from a young age and made immortal contributions to the unification of the Mongols and the establishment of the Great Mongol Empire. He was one of the great statesmen and military figures in the history of the Mongol nation. Hesar is known as the "Divine Arrow", brave and good at shooting, without false hair, and falls in response to the strings.
2. Timuge Hui Chi Jin (1168-1246), or translated Timug Hu Chi Jin, or Timuge, Hui Chi Jin, Hui Yi Chi Jin. Mongol Beggars, Bo'er only Jin clan. Genghis Khan Temujin's younger brother, also the youngest son of Suo and Ha Erlun, Hui Chi jin means the youngest son of the Shou family, six years younger than Genghis Khan. He played a huge role in the establishment of the Mongol Empire, especially in assisting Genghis Khan in removing the Tongtian Witch Kuokuo, and thus he was deeply loved by his brother Temujin and his mother, Empress Dowager Yuelun.
3. Hechiwen (1166-?) ), also known as Hechiwen Erlechi, Hachiwen King. Yuan Taizu Genghis Khan's son was only the third brother of Jin Temujin, and the third son of SuoJi and Ha Erlun. Four years younger than Temujin, he died early, and his son Alchidai (Alchidai, Alchidai) was later created the King of Jinan.
Who is Empress Yuan Taizu Bo'er Jin Temujin?
Hongjira Boerti (1161-?) Empress Dowager Guangxian, surnamed Bosir Ongjira, was a native of Erguna, Hulunbuir, Mongolia. Empress Genghis Khan of the Yuan Dynasty was also the Empress of zhenggong, one year older.
He lived in the First Khan Erdun (Mongolian palace tent), the highest status, the most respected, the most favored, and the same was true in old age. When Temujin was 19 years old, he started the first war in his life to save his 20-year-old wife, Bo Erti!
He assisted Genghis Khan in laying the foundation of the Mongol Empire. In December of the second year of the Yuan Dynasty, he posthumously honored the Empress Dowager of the Wing.
Our Lady of the Three Sages: The Mongolian people will forever sing the praises of BoErti Wuzhen as "having the light of the sun and the moon, and the heart of the sea".
The Mongols honored the title of "Genghis Khan's twelfth-generation grandmother Alangaova Wuzhen, birth mother Ha Erlun Wuzhen, and zheng wife BoEr Ti Wuzhen, the Three Sages of Mongolia".
Commemoration of descendants: In October of the third year of the Yuan Dynasty (1266), the Taimiao Temple was built, and the title of the Temple of Honor, The Ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, Jin Kublai Khan (also translated as Boer Only Jin Kublai Khan), was given the title of "Empress Guangxian" by his grandmother BoEr Ti Wuzhen.
On December 6 of the second year of his reign (7 January 1310), Emperor Yuanwuzong's Jin Haishan (also translated as Bo'er Only Jin Haishan) was renamed "Wing Saint" by Theo Er Wu zhen, and was henceforth changed to Theo Wing Saint Empress.
Who are the sons of Yuan Taizu Bo'er Jin Temujin?
1. Bo'er only Jin Shu Chi (c. 1178-1225), also translated as Humble Chi, Zhu Qi, Shu Chi, Bo Er Only Jin Clan. Genghis Khan's son, Jin Temujin, was the eldest son. Military general of mongolia. He was able to fight good battles, participated in the conquest of the Jin Dynasty, Western Xia and Central Asia many times, and made many achievements. Between 1219 and 1225, genghis Khan gave the land occupied by his troops in the First Western Expedition to his three sons. The hereditary territory of the Mongol Khanates of the Shuchi clan was the Shuchi Khanate, also known as the Chincha Khanate, which held the territory of the ancient states west of the Irtysh River and north of the Aral and Caspian Seas, such as Chincha, Huazhizimo and Kangling.
2. Chagatai (?-1242 or 1241), also known as Cha'a, Chahatai, Chagatai, Chagatai, Chagatai, Chagadai, Chagandai, etc. Founder of the Chagatai Khanate. Mongolian Bo'er only Jin clan. Second son of Genghis Khan. When mongolia was established, it received 8,000 households. Known for its good fighting, he has made many achievements in battle.
In the sixth year of Genghis Khan (1211), he accompanied his father to collect gold, and led a right army with his brother Shuchi and brother Wo Kuotai to conquer yunnei, Dongsheng, Wu, Shuo and other prefectures. In the eighth year, he took charge of the right army with Shuchi and Wo kuotai again, took more than twenty prefectures east and west of the Taihang Mountains, and in the following year, he joined forces with the Zhulu Army to besiege Jinzhongdu (present-day Beijing) and forced The Jin Emperor to ask for peace.
In the fourteenth year (1219), he accompanied his father on his western expedition, and together with Shu Chi and Wo Kuotai, he successively broke the false answer and the Bena Ke Te, and took the old capital of Hua Lazi Mo Yulong Jiechi. After the Western Expedition, the old territory of the Western Liao was made a fief, and on this basis the Chagatai Khanate was established.
Twenty-one years (1226) when Genghis Khan invaded Western Xia, he was ordered to stay in the town of Mobei. After Genghis Khan's death, in the second year of the reign of Tuolei (1229), in accordance with Genghis Khan's will, he ignored the public opinion, supported the throne of Wokoutai, that is, the Khan' throne, and took the yelü Chucai discussion, leading the kings and hundreds of officials to perform the ceremony of their subordinates. He was highly respected by the Khan and was listed as the head of the kings, and the Khan would consult with him and then act.
In the third year of Wokoutai Khan (1231), he sent his own soldiers to accompany the Khan to collect gold. In the seventh year (1235), he initiated the expedition as the eldest son, and sent sun buli and others to accompany The Western Expedition. With his assistance, he won the victory of the Jin Dynasty and the Western Expedition. In the eighth year, when the imperial court distributed the princes and nobles to the kings, more than 47,000 households in Taiyuan were obtained.
Ten years later, 10,000 households in The True Dingshen Prefecture were restored. Thirteen years later (1241), after the death of Wokoutai, he was first proposed to be regent by Empress Delegona. After his death, the fief was overseen by his grandson Hela Hulegu.
3. Boer Jin Wo Kuotai (1186 – December 11, 1241), Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, known historically as "Wo Kuotai Khan". The third son of Genghis Khan, the Ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty. In 1225, it was sealed in the upper reaches of the Shi River (present-day Irtysh River) and east of Lake Balkhash in Ye'er, and was built at the city of Yemili (present-day Emin County, Xinjiang).
In 1229, the Kuritai Assembly was enthroned and administered the entire Mongol Empire. He continued his father's legacy, expanding his territory, going south to destroy the Jin Dynasty, and sending Battus on expeditions to Europe, during which he expanded his territory to Central Asia, North China, and Eastern Europe. During his reign, he appointed the Khitan Yelü Chucai as the Zhongshu Ling, adopted the Han method, and opened the branch to take scholars, reusing the Zhongyuan literati, laying the foundation of the Yuan Dynasty.
In October 1266, the Taimiao Temple was built, and the title of the Temple of Honor, Kublai Khan, was posthumously honored as Emperor Taizong, the Emperor of The English.
4. Boer Jin Tuolei (1193-1232), Mongol. Ancestor of the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty, the fourth son of Yuan Taizu Temujin. In his early years, he participated in the attack on the Jin Dynasty and the Western Expedition, and made many meritorious achievements.
When Genghis Khan divided his sons, he was in charge of the ears, pastures, and armies of the Hu Nan River and the Timid Green Lian River, with the honorific title of "Also Na Yan" (Great Official). After the death of Genghis Khan, in accordance with the tradition of "young son shouzao", he served as a "prison state" and succeeded to the throne with Li wokoutai.
In the fifth year of Shaoding (1232), he led an army to defeat the Jin army, and on the way back, he suddenly fell ill and died. After the eldest son Möngke succeeded the Mongol Great Khan, he was given the title of "Yingwu". Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, was called emperor, posthumously honored the emperor, and posthumously honored Jingxiang, with the temple name "Ruizong". In the second year of his reign (1309), he was honored as "Emperor Jingxiang of Rensheng".
Expanded Information: An Introduction to the Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368 AD) was a vast dynasty established by the Mongols, and it was the first regime in Chinese history to be established nationwide, dominated by ethnic minority rulers. With their powerful force, the Mongols not only conquered the Central Plains and the area south of the Yangtze River, but also extended their control to the entire western Region. It became the largest dynasty in China's history.
The Mongols are an ancient people who have always lived a predominantly nomadic life. Around the twelfth century AD, a prominent leader of the Mongols, Temujin, emerged. As a tribal chief, it was promoted by various ministries to be the Great Khan in 1206 AD, known as Genghis Khan. Under Temujin's leadership, the Mongols gradually became stronger and became a force to be reckoned with in northern China. It destroyed the Western Xia in 1227 and the Jin Dynasty in 1234, preparing for the unification of all of China. At this time, Genghis Khan was dead, and Wokoutai, Möngke, and Kublai Khan succeeded him as Great Khan. In 1271, Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan, established the Yuan Dynasty in Dadu (present-day Beijing), and since then, Beijing has gradually become the political, economic and cultural center of China for nearly seven hundred years. In 1276, the Yuan Dynasty sent troops to capture Lin'an (present-day Hangzhou), the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, unifying all of China.
After the unification of China, Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, did not stop his military operations with the outside world. After that, the Yuan Dynasty invaded Japan twice, Annam (present-day northern Vietnam), and Burma twice, successively making Goryeo, Burma, Taicheng, and Annam a vassal state of the Yuan. Domestically, in order to rule the Han people, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty divided the people into four classes, namely the Mongols, the Semu people (the population of the Western Xia, Hui, And Western Regions), the Northern Han, and the Southern Han. Under this system, the status of the Han Chinese is extremely low. It became an object of influence by the Mongols and the Semites. Therefore, in the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, there were many uprisings between the Han and the ethnic minorities in the south against the tyranny of the Mongols, but they were unsuccessful.
Because the Previous Mongolian way of life was mostly nomadic, the productivity was low. In order to change this situation, since Kublai Khan, successive rulers of the Yuan Dynasty have replaced animal husbandry production with agricultural production, so the agriculture of the Yuan Dynasty has developed greatly. As the territory of the Yuan Dynasty extended to the West Asian region, European and Chinese exchanges became more frequent and technological exchanges were more rapid. The beginning of the economy led to the development of handicrafts and commerce, in the Yuan Dynasty, cotton cultivation in southern China has been very common, so the textile industry has also developed, the emergence of a group of handicrafts led by the Zodiac, so that the cotton textile technology at that time reached a very high level. In addition, due to the smooth flow of shipping, shipping and the popularity of paper money, commerce also flourished in the Yuan Dynasty, making it one of the richest countries in the world at that time. During the Yuan Dynasty, the Venetian merchant Marco Polo visited China and recorded in detail the prosperity of most of the Yuan Dynasty capitals at that time in his "Travels of Marco Polo".
The material abundance made the life of the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty gradually luxurious, and at the same time, the struggle for power within the Mongol rulers intensified. In the twenty-five years from 1308 to 1333, the Yuan Dynasty successively successively served eight generations of emperors, including Wuzong, Renzong, Yingzong, Taiding, Tianshun, Wenzong, Mingzong, Ningzong and Yuanshun Emperor, which shows the fierce struggle within the Yuan Dynasty at that time. In the late Yuan Dynasty, the emperors lived a luxurious life, and in order to meet their material needs, the rulers constantly collected various taxes from the people, especially the Han people were particularly oppressed.
As a result, the Han people rose up in various forms to resist the tyrannical rule of the Yuan Dynasty, and as early as the second year of Taiding (1352), the revolt of Zhao Ugly and Guo Bodhisattva in Henan opened the prelude to the demise of the Yuan Dynasty. Then, the Red Turban Army rebellion led by Liu Futong in the eleventh year of the Shun Emperor Zhizheng (1351) swept throughout China, and among the rebel army, a number of outstanding generals appeared, of which the troops led by Zhu Yuanzhang, Chen Youyu, Zhang Shicheng and others were the most powerful. From the sixteenth year of Zhizheng (1356) to the nineteenth year of Zhizheng (1359), Zhu Yuanzhang continued to expand his power, and in six or seven years he eliminated Chen Youyi and Zhang Shicheng' forces, unifying half of Jiangnan. In the 27th year of Zhizheng (1367), Zhu Yuanzhang began the Northern Expedition, and with the slogan of "expelling Hu Yu and restoring China", with the assistance of the generals Xu Da, Chang Yuchun and others, he attacked the Yuan Capital in 1368 and ended the rule of the Yuan Dynasty. In the same year, Zhu Yuanzhang declared himself emperor in Jiankang and established the Ming Dynasty.
The Yuan Dynasty was a dynasty established by the Mongols, who existed for ninety-seven years and successively went through eleven emperors (since the ancestor Kublai Khan), and is one of the more powerful dynasties in China's history. However, due to the discrimination of the Yuan Dynasty against the Han people, it was prematurely destroyed and became a lesson for future Qing rulers. In addition, the rule of the Yuan Dynasty set a general scope for China to draw, from the end of the Yuan Dynasty to the middle and late Qing Dynasty, China's territory has not changed much on this basis, and the Mongols have become part of the Chinese family after this.