The Wei and Jin dynasties were the darkest and most tragic period in Chinese history, with years of divided and chaotic wars, and the people were spared. The fierce social unrest and the lifting of ideological imprisonment made the literati of this period unprecedentedly active, and many popular and widely circulated literary works emerged.
People mention Wei and Jin literature, or lament the poetry of Sancao, or praise the high mountains of Ruan, or envy the pastoral style of Tao Qian, or marvel at Xie Lingyun's amazing talent, but few people mention Zuo Si.
Zuo Si is a very contradictory figure in the history of Wei and Jin literature, he was disliked by the world because of his humble origins and mediocre appearance, and he was despised by later generations of literati because of his attachment to Jia Mi, a foreign relative. However, if we put aside the opinions of these times, Zuo Si's literary achievements cannot be ignored, and he created a variant of the Epic of Wei Jin yong, leaving valuable literary treasures and allusions for posterity.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" > was born in the cold door and looked like a bed</h1>
Zuo Si, the word TaiChong, qi guo Linzi people. During the reign of Emperor Wu of Jin, Zuo Si's younger sister Zuo Di was adopted as a concubine by Emperor Wu of Jin because of her well-written articles, and Zuo Si became a relative of the emperor and moved her family to Luoyang. Although Zuo Si bore the aura of an imperial relative, he did not receive political preferential treatment because of this.
The Jin Dynasty was an era in which there was no cold door in the upper grade and no scholar in the lower grade. Zuo Si was born as a disciple of the Cold Gate, and many restrictions on political activities and resources were also excluded by his peers. In addition to external factors, Zuo Si's own physical signs also added many unfavorable factors to his career.
The biography of Zuo Si in the Book of Jin describes Zuo Si as follows: "Sleeping in appearance, speaking with a mouth, and magnificent words, not easy to travel." "The general meaning is that Zuo Siqi is not proud, his speech is not favorable, his oral expression ability is relatively poor, he does not like to interact with people, and he is an ordinary-looking, introverted person. Zuo Si's specialty is magnificent rhetoric, and the article is well written and very imposing.
However, during the Wei and Jin dynasties, people at that time not only evaluated the eloquence of celebrities, but also attached great importance to their appearance, and generally pursued the beauty of style and posture and the beauty of conversation. In the Wei and Jin Dynasty Zhiren novels "The New Language of the World", two categories of "Rongzhi" and "Speech" were specially set up to describe and record the outstanding style and style of the literati at that time.
What is laughable is that Zuo Si's name also appeared in the "New Language of the World", but it appeared as a counterexample, and was even jokingly called the male version of Dong Shi Xiaoyi by posterity.
"The New Language of the World: Rongzhi Chapter": "Pan Yuemiao has a posture and a good look." When he was young, he popped out of Luoyang Dao, and when the woman met, he could not help but join hands and haunt him. Zuo Taichong was absolutely ugly, and also resumed Yue's invitation, so the group of concubines spit together and returned. "Pan Yue is Pan An, a famous beautiful man in ancient times. The young Pan Yue was graceful, and he walked on the streets of Luoyang City in Kyoto, like a star, causing a commotion among passers-by. The women saw that he was crazy about it, and they held hands and surrounded him, hoping to keep him for a while. Zuo Si was proud of his literary talents and hoped to be sought after by Pan Yue, so he followed Pan Yue's example and walked around the avenue of Luoyang City, but he was scolded by the people of the time.
Han Men's background and appearance made Zuo Si's career difficult, so although he actively ran all his life, he did not eventually become a prominent official.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="62" > three are all given, Luoyang paper is expensive</h1>
Zuo Si is most proud of the fact that he wrote "Three Capitals" with his talent, which caused a sensation in Luoyang. The "Book of Jin, Zuo Si Biography" records this process: "Zuo Si wanted to endow the three capitals, so he conceived for ten years, and the door was full of doors, all of them were written with pen and paper, and when they encountered a sentence, even if they were neglected." And endowment, when people are not heavy. Si Zi is not inferior to The Class and Zhang, and is afraid of people's nonsense. Emperor Anding Emperor Has a high reputation, and he thinks of it and shows it. Be kind and give it order. Zhang Zai notes the "Wei Capital" and Liu Kui notes the "Wu" and "Shu" and prefaces it. Chen Liuweiquan also composed the "Slight Explanation" for Si Fu--- since then, it is more important than the time, and the text is not loaded. Sikong Zhang Hua saw it and sighed: "Ban, Zhang Zhi and the like also." Make it more than enough for the readers to read, and update it over time. "So the noble family competed to write, and Luoyang was expensive for paper."
According to the records of the history books, the "Three Capitals" is a work that Zuo Si painstakingly and painstakingly conceived. His home was full of paper and pencil, and once he had words, he quickly recorded them, and it took ten years to conceive and create them before they were finally written. At the beginning of the writing, people did not pay attention to it. Zuo Si thought that his article was exquisite and did not want to drown him because of his humble identity. The Jin Dynasty continued the custom of character evaluation at the end of the Han Dynasty and the beginning of The Wei Dynasty, and the influence of celebrities and celebrities was very large, so Zuo Si invited Emperor FuMi and Zhang Hua, who were the most famous in the literary world at that time, to write a preface to their works. Since then, "Three Capitals" has caused a sensation in the literary circles at that time, and the noble families have competed to write, and Luoyang has been expensive for paper.
It can be said that the fame of the three capitals, after the stage of creation, hype and dissemination, is the result of Zuo Si's painstaking management. It can be seen from this that although Zuo Si is introverted but shrewd, his fame is heavy, and his mind is quite clever, he is a person who is well versed in the unspoken rules of society and knows how to take advantage of the situation to package himself.
Then, with a strong sense of merit and fame, Zuo Si, who wanted to climb to a prominent position, was born in a cold door, and was often excluded and oppressed, and the pain caused by this contradiction made Zuo Si extremely seek shortcuts to climb. Therefore, he climbed on the hot foreign relative Jia Mi at that time. Become one of its twenty-four friends. Jia Mi was a notorious person in history, and Zuo Si was therefore regarded as a stain on his body by later generations of literati, and even if the article was written well, he could never rank among the first-class literary scholars of Wei and Jin.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="63" > the literary world of Zuosi</h1>
Although Zuo Si devoted himself to writing fu, he established his position in the literary world with "Three Capitals Fu". However, if we talk about his contribution to literary history, we cannot avoid his poetry.
There are only fourteen surviving poems by Zuo Si, of which eight are the most famous, these eight poems were created at different periods of his life, and Zuo Si borrowed historical figures and historical events to express his nostalgia to reflect the encounters and spiritual attitudes at different stages of life.
Early Life Poems - "The History of Wing Chun I"
Weak crown makes soft Han, Zhuo Jiguan Qunshu.
He is the author of the quasi-Qin "Passing Qin", and the author of "Zi Xuan".
Border city bitterly singing, feathers flying to Kyoto.
Although he is not a knight, he used to read the "Hoang Tho".
The long whistle stirs up the breeze, and there is no Eastern Wu.
Lead knife expensive cut, dream of a good picture.
On the left, Chengjiang Xiang, on the right, Ding Qianghu.
In this song, Zuo Si rubbed in three famous historical figures, namely Jia Yi, Sima Xiangru and Tian Hoang Tho.
Jia Yi was a political commentator of the Western Han Dynasty, young and talented, and his political treatise "On Passing the Qin Dynasty" comprehensively analyzed the reasons for the demise of the Qin Dynasty.
Sima Xiangru was the most famous poet and the most mercurial literati of the Western Han Dynasty, and his masterpieces "Zi Xuan" and "Mountain Forest" described the royal garden with beautiful words and sharp writing.
Tian Hoang Tho was a military strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period and the founder of the Art of War.
As an early creation of Zuo Si's life, as most literati created when he was young, zuo Si wrote this poem mainly for self-promotion, self-praise, and expression of his magnificent and broad ideals of life.
Zuo Si has been reading a lot of books since the year when he exposed his weak crown, and his thesis on politics is comparable to Sima Xiangyi, and his thesis is comparable to That of Sima Xiang, and his theory is not as good as Tian Hoang Tho.
This poem is not realistic, but Zuo Si describes the ideal self, in the poem, this young man who is both literate and martial to save the country in times of crisis, who does not seek fame and fortune, is the ideal life that Zuo Si depicts for himself.
Mid-life poems - "Yong Shi Qi V"
Haotian Shu day, spiritual scenery shines in Shenzhou.
In the Purple Palace, Fei Yu was floating in the clouds.
Inside the high gate of E'e, all the princes are gentle.
Since it is not a dragon climber, what is a dragon to travel.
Browned out of the gate, high strides to pursue The By.
Vibrating clothes thousands of miles, Maundy Stream.
The poem quotes allusions to Xu You and Emperor Yao. According to legend, Xu Yu was an ancient Chinese gaoshi, and Yao heard that he was very talented, so he wanted to give him the world's Zen. Xu Yu heard about it and went into hiding, and later Yao asked him to come out as an official, Xu Yu thought that he had defiled his ears after hearing this, so he ran to the river to wash his ears.
Yuyin is a common literary image in ancient China, and is an inevitable product of the long-term game between the ancient literati and the feudal ruling class in employing people and soldiers. In the Han Dynasty, Yan Ziling refused to allow emperor Liu Xiu to hide his name; Zhuge Liang of the Three Kingdoms cultivated Nanyang, hidden and famous, and worshipped as a cloth Qingxiang. The Wei Dynasty Ruan Nationality, because of Sima Shi's power, had no political heart, and wrote: "The fisherman knows the world's troubles, and rides the current to clear the boat." "It's a way for the literati to vent their anger and express their dissatisfaction with the ruling class."
After Zuo Si came to Luoyang full of ideals, he was ostracized and oppressed by his peers, and his career path was not smooth, so Zuo Si could not help but feel depressed in his heart. Without a prominent origin, Zuo Si was struggling in the official arena, and the huge gap between ideals and reality made him full of resentment, angrily shouting out, "Brown out of the door, striding after Xu You." Vibrating clothes thousands of miles, Maundy Stream. As Qu Yuan said, "The water of the waves is clear and can be muddy; the water of the waves is muddy and can be muddy." ”
Later Life Poems - "Wing Shi 2"
Lush bottom pine, away from the mountain seedlings.
With the diameter of the stem, shade this hundred feet.
The world is high, handsome and sinking.
The terrain makes it so, and it is not a dynasty.
Jin Zhang borrowed from the old business, and the horse chestnut sable.
Feng Gong was not great, and Bai Shou did not see the trick.
This poem is the most famous poem of the late period of Zuo Si's life. The poem lists the "Jin Zhang" (Jin Ribao, Zhang Anshi) to refer to the Gaomen clan of the Han Dynasty, who were born to be in high positions and have been prominent for generations; on the other hand, the Feng Tang Dynasty refers to the Hanmen Shu clan, who although they were capable and talented, they were all lost to Liao for a lifetime. Wang Bo's "Preface to the Tengwang Pavilion" in "Feng Tang Yi Lao, Li Guang difficult to seal" is precisely because of this, expressing the same critical thinking.
Zuo Si believes that this is caused by the door valve system, which has long been a foregone conclusion in history since ancient times. He likened Han Shicaizi to the green pine of the mountain stream, born tall; the door valve disciple was likened to the grass on the top of the mountain, born prominent, vivid image, people can't help but sigh.
From this poem, we can feel that Zuo Si's tone is no longer full of anger, but calm and sad, quite cold to see the world, through the vicissitudes of the world.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="64" > conclusion</h1>
Zuo Si was talented and arrogant, but he came from a cold background and looked like a man of sleep, which made his career often frustrated. Therefore, in Zuo Si's body, there was always a contradiction between a strong sense of merit and fame and a humble status in reality, which caused him to often have an unbalanced mentality, cynicism, and eventually he even attached himself to his foreign relative Jia Yi, which was despised by later generations of literati.
From a literary point of view, Zuo Si's "Three Capitals" has been passed down through the ages, and his "Eight Songs of Yongshi" has unique characteristics, borrowing from the past to satirize the present and criticizing reality.
The Southern Dynasty Zhong Rong's "Poetry" positioned it as a superior product, praising him: "The literary dictionary is resentful, quite precise, and it is ironic." In the Qing Dynasty's "Yimen Reading Secretary", it is written: "The yongshi is no more beautiful, summarizing the original biography, without adding algae decorations, this orthodox body also." Too much to shake one's chest, but it is another change. ”
It can be seen from this that the Yong epic before Zuo Si was only a chanting history and making a discussion, while Zuo Si used the yongshi to directly express the chest of the yongshi to integrate the history of yong and the poetry of yonghuai, creating a variant of the epic of yong, breaking new ground, becoming an object of emulation by future generations of literati.