Bhutto was born into an aristocratic family. He holds a Bachelor of Political Science from Berkeley and a Master of Laws from the University of Oxford. He then devoted himself to politics and served as the youngest minister of the coup d'état, General Ayyub Khan. The wrong measures of the foreign minister led to the Third Indo-Pakistani War and the independence of Bangladesh, and thus took over the presidency. The ruling government carried out nationalization and land reform, and diplomatic relations withdrew from the Commonwealth and withdrew from the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization. Fearing that the coup had promoted his own man, Zia Hack, it was he who had killed him. He is a confused person, and his domestic and foreign affairs are a mess. Silver pewter tip.
Ali Bhutto was born in 1928 to a Sindh aristocratic family. His father, Sir Shanawaz Khan Bhutto, served as minister in the Mumbai government and chief adviser to the Sindh provincial government during British colonial rule, joined the Muslim League, and was a close friend of The Pakistani independence movement leader Mohammed Ali Jinnah. His mother was his father's second wife and was a former Indian dancer.
Bhutto received a good education in Mumbai and spent a comfortable youth. At the age of 13, he married a cousin who was older than him.
After his father's death, he inherited one-third of his father's fiefdom. In 1951, he married Nusrat Bhutto and had four children.
Under the influence of his father, Bhutto joined the Muslim League from his youth. Engage in "direct action days" such as demonstrations and strikes for this purpose.
He received a bachelor's degree in political science from the University of Berkeley in California in 1950, followed by a master's degree in law at Christ Church University in London and oxford law school in the United Kingdom, where he received a master's degree in law in 1952.
He was admitted as a senior solicitor at Lincoln Law School in London in 1953. After graduating from university, he was hired to teach international law at the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom, becoming the first Asian lecturer at the university.
In 1953, Bhutto returned to Pakistan from England and worked as a lecturer in constitutional law at the Muslim Law School in Karachi and as a lawyer for the Sindh First High Court. At that time, Pakistan had become an independent state.
Bhutto was active in politics and from 1954 was Chairman of the Sindh Youth Front.
In 1957, President Mirza sent him to the Twelfth Session of the United Nations General Assembly as a member of the Pakistani delegation. The following year, he was appointed head of the Pakistani delegation to the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. Bhutto's name became familiar both inside and outside Pakistan.
In October 1958, the commander of the Pakistani Army, General Ayyub Khan, staged a military coup d'état, declared "military rule", organized a new cabinet, and became president himself. Bhutto was admitted to the cabinet at the age of 30, the youngest minister in the cabinet.
In February 1963, he became Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Industry and Fuel, Power and Natural Resources.
In 1966, due to the Second Indo-Pakistani War, he had a disagreement with President Ayyub Khan. In early 1966, Bhutto resigned as foreign minister under the pretext of going abroad for medical treatment, leaving the government of Ayyub Khan and returning to his legal career.
A year later, Bhutto returned to politics. Bhutto announced the formation of the "People's Party" in November 1967 and made himself its chairman. The People's Party is dominated by bourgeois and petty-bourgeois socialism.
The activities of the People's Party pose a serious threat to the Ayyub government. In November 1968, Ayyub Khan ordered Bhutto's arrest and imprisonment in a Concentration Camp in Lahore.
When opposition rose, Ayyub Khan had to release Bhutto in February 1969 and hand over power to Yahya Khan, then commander of the Pakistan Army, in March of the same year.
Yahya Khan, who was in a weak position to govern with the rise of the pro-democracy movement and the difficulty of ayobu Khan's government to continue, had to agree to a general election.
In December 1970, the all-Pakistani National Assembly elections resulted in Bhutto's People's Party winning a total of 82 seats, making it the second largest party in Pakistan after Mujib Rahman's People's League, whose power was mainly in East Pakistan.
Yahya Khan and Bhutto joined forces to suppress the Awami League, putting them all in prison. As a result, in December 1971, India intervened under the slogan of supporting the self-determination of the Bengal people, and the Third Indo-Pakistani War broke out.
On 20 December, Indian troops occupied Dhaka, the capital of East Pakistan, announcing the establishment of Bangladesh. The government of Yahya Khan collapsed as a result of its defeat. Bhutto immediately returned to Pakistan from the United Nations to take over the government and became president and chief military officer.
Bhutto took office at a time of crisis in Pakistan. Externally, India occupies 5,000 square miles of land in West Pakistan, more than 90,000 Pakistani soldiers have been captured and imprisoned in India, and the state of war between India and Pakistan has not yet ended; internally, the economy has been seriously damaged, and industrial and agricultural production has come to a standstill and chaos.
On 3 January 1972, Bhutto traveled to the northern Indian city of Shimla to hold talks with Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and agreed to a plan for the independence of Bangladesh.
From 1972 onwards, he began to implement the policy of "nationalization", which state-owned factories and enterprises in 10 departments, including banking, insurance, transportation, mining, electric power, chemical industry, and machinery, through redemption, which limited the development of the big bourgeoisie to a certain extent.
Bhutto twice implemented land reform during his five years in power.
He announced his withdrawal from the Commonwealth. In November 1972, he decided to withdraw from the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization.
In 1975 he hosted visiting Romanian President Ceausescu to win the support of the Third World. But he asked Shah Pahlavi of Iran to lend $300 million to stabilize Pakistani banks, while demands to limit inflation were rejected.
What he really fears is a military coup. In order to control the military, Bhutto overtook what he saw as "his own man"—zia Haq, then commander of the Third Army, as chief of the army's general staff.
In the early hours of July 5, 1977, it was Zia Haq who staged a military coup. At 2 a.m., Ali Bhutto was arrested and Pakistan entered the military rule of Zia Haq.
China, which has always had good relations with Pakistan, has sent a message to the Pakistani military through diplomatic channels such as the United Nations and the ambassador to Pakistan, hoping to release Bhutto. The United States and Britain also demanded that the Pakistani military treat Bhutto fairly, and the French president wrote directly to Zia Haq, asking that Bhutto be exiled abroad. Even Bhutto's former rival, Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, issued a statement in support of Bhutto.
On February 6, 1979, the Supreme Court of Pakistan, by a vote of 4 in favour of 3, sentenced Bhutto to be hanged.
In the early morning of 4 April 1979, Ali Bhutto was hanged after meeting his wife and eldest daughter, Bernazir Bhutto, while in prison.
Daughter Benazir Bhutto was also a famous politician in Pakistan who also died.
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (5 January 1928 – 4 April 1979) was the founder of the Pakistan People's Party. He served as President of Pakistan (December 1971 to August 1973) and Prime Minister of Pakistan (August 1973 to July 1977).