In 1976, Chairman Mao Zedong met with Pakistani Prime Minister Bhutto in Beijing, chairman Mao's last diplomatic work, and Bhutto became the last foreign leader Chairman Mao met before his death.
Chairman Mao was 83 years old when he met with Bhutto, and after this meeting, China announced to the outside world that Chairman Mao would not appear on any diplomatic occasions again.
So, why did Bhutto allow Chairman Mao to insist on meeting even though he was already weak? Perhaps we can find the answer to this question in the review of Bhutto's life.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > Bhutto's youth</h1>
Bhutto, full name Zolfikar Ali Bhutto, was born in 1928 in a wealthy aristocratic family in Lakhana County, Sindh Province, India before the partition of India and Pakistan, and his solid family situation and good family atmosphere made Bhutto have a smooth and rich adolescence.
In 1950, Bhutto graduated from Berkeley University in California with a bachelor's degree in political science, but for the young and studious Bhutto, this was far from enough.
After leaving the United States, he entered the University of Christ Church in London and the University of Oxford Law school in the United Kingdom to study law. During this period, he was diligent and studious, and eventually graduated from the UK with honors.
After officially leaving the campus, because of Bhutto's excellent grades, he soon received an offer from the University of Southampton in the United Kingdom, so he temporarily stayed at the university to teach international law, becoming the university's first Asian lecturer. In 1951, Bhutto married his second wife, Nusrat Bhutto, and the two had four children.
At the same time, after Bhutto's father died, he inherited a third of his father's land. It can be seen that even after the death of his father, Bhutto's family life was still very solid.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="7" > Bhutto's political talents</h1>
In 1953, Bhutto obtained his senior bar at Lincoln Bar In London. It was also in this year that Bhutto returned to his native Pakistan, which had become an independent state, but correspondingly, the difficulties of the early days of statehood began to emerge.
After returning to his homeland, Bhutto entered the Muslim Law School in Karachi as a lecturer in constitutional law and as a lawyer at the Sindh First High Court.
After assuming these two positions, Bhutto found the difficulties in the life of the Pakistani people at that time: due to the backwardness of the Pakistani economy at this time, the family like Bhutto was doing well, but for the common people, their life was typical of "not enough to eat, not warm to wear." ”
Perhaps it was Bhutto's profession and position that doomed him to embark on the path of politics, and after seeing that the people's lives were not good, he began to think of reform.
So in 1954, Bhutto became the chairman of the Sindh Youth Front, where he actively led everyone to change their minds, mobilize everyone to participate in reforms, and attach importance to contacting young students and intellectuals.
In leading the masses to reform together, Bhutto's positive enthusiasm and profound knowledge brought him the favor of many people, and for a time, he was very famous among the young generation, and all those who had the heart to reform him respected and loved him very much. He was thus regarded as a "representative of the Forces nouvelles". From then on, Bhutto's political talents were on full display.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="11" > the beginning of Bhutto's political career</h1>
In 1957, under the arrangement of the then President of Pakistan, Bhutto attended the Twelfth Session of the United Nations General Assembly as a member of the delegation, which made Bhutto well known to the Pakistani people and relevant government officials, and since then, he has served as Pakistan's ambassador to the United Nations.
In 1958, he was appointed head of the Pakistani delegation to the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea. Bhutto has a place in Both Pakistan and abroad.
In October 1958, the commander of the Pakistani Army, General Ayyub Khan, staged a military coup d'état, declared "military rule", organized a new cabinet, and became president himself.
Bhutto was invited to the cabinet by Ayyub Khan when he was only 30 years old and the youngest minister in the cabinet. Since then, Bhutto's political career has begun a rapid development process.
During the reign of Ayyub Khan, Bhutto was also heavily valued. He served successively in the Ayyub government as Minister of Commerce, Minister of Information, Minister of Tourism and Ethnic Minorities.
In February 1963, Bhutto also became Minister of Foreign Affairs and Minister of Industry and Natural Resources.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="15" > Bhutto's political strategy during the Ayyubid government</h1>
In fact, Bhutto agreed in many ways with President Ayyub's approach. For example, president Ayyub put forward a platform and policy measures, Bhutto recognized and actively helped President Ayyub to implement these measures. At the same time, in domestic affairs, Bhutto advocated land reform, the realization of grass-roots democracy, the formulation of a constitution and the introduction of a presidential system of government.
After Bhutto became foreign minister, he also offered to accept Soviet assistance and carry out economic and trade exchanges with the Soviet Union. At the same time, he is in favour of India-Pakistan cooperation and adheres very strongly to the kashmiri people's right to self-determination on the Kashmir issue; and he considers president Ayyub's policy toward the United States and expresses support for it.
Of course, Bhutto's series of foreign policies also includes the development of friendly relations with China. In 1963, Bhutto signed the Border Agreement between China's Xinjiang and the various areas under Pakistan's de facto control over its defense. Since then, China and Pakistan have established friendly relations, and the two countries have established a very strong friendship.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="19" > the Indo-Pakistani War</h1>
In 1965, Bhutto resigned from all his positions in the Ayyubid government to establish the Pakistan People's Party, now the largest party in Pakistan.
The People's Party advocates a parliamentary system at home, limited nationalization and land reform, encourages investment and the introduction of technology to lift itself out of poverty, and pursues an independent foreign policy abroad, keeping a distance from the big powers. Later, Bhutto began his struggle for independent power.
In 1969, Bhutto led the BJP in launching a campaign against Bhutto's government; in the same year, the BJP overthrew Ayyub's rule. In 1970, Bhutto was officially elected chairman of the People's Party.
In 1971, Bhutto again led a delegation to China as Pakistan's Minister of Foreign Affairs. Also in 1971, the Third Indo-Pakistani War broke out, and Pakistan fell into crisis for a time.
During the India-Pakistan war, Pakistan's then-President Yahya Khan panicked and hurried to ask Bhutto to seek international help from the United Nations.
But in the United Nations, only China has clearly expressed its support for Pakistan, and it is also in pakistan's crisis that China and Pakistan have forged a deeper friendship. In this war, the regime of Yahya Khan also fell.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="23" > the end of the Indo-Pakistani War</h1>
After Yahya stepped down, Bhutto took over as Prime Minister of Pakistan. But post-war Pakistan was undoubtedly a "mess" for anyone.
After Bhutto came to power, it was undoubtedly urgent to solve the problem of war with India, so Bhutto soon began negotiations with India, but in the process of negotiations with India, Bhutto repeatedly ran into a wall.
In negotiations with Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, india's "Iron Lady", Bhutto was "overwhelmed" many times and could not resist Indira's aggressiveness.
Bhutto was indignant that Indira directly demanded that Bhutto cede all Pakistani territory, prisoners of war to India, and settle the Kashmir issue in one fell swoop, such an insulting request made Bhutto feel powerless, but he still insisted on maintaining the fundamental interests of his country, and he said to Indira bluntly: "Madam, I would rather return to China and step down than sign this treaty." ”
After all, Bhutto studied law, and although Bhutto began to encounter a lot of walls in Indira, for Bhutto, who was a lawyer, perhaps it was only a matter of time before he persuaded Indira.
After Bhutto's arduous negotiations, Indira finally made concessions, agreeing to withdraw from most of the occupied Pakistani territory, return prisoners of war and resume normal trade between the two sides. Thanks to Bhutto's efforts, Pakistan has preserved Pakistan's national interests to the greatest extent possible. This made Bhutto even more beloved in Pakistan.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="27" >"</h1>
After solving the problem of Pakistan's "external troubles", Bhutto began to rectify Pakistan's "internal troubles". Thanks to the Western ideological education he received in his youth, Bhutto was prepared to carry out democratic reforms of the same nature at home.
So under Bhutto's leadership, Pakistan promulgated a new constitution in 1973, which stipulated the basic human rights of citizens and prohibited racial and sectarian discrimination.
Bhutto's reform is undoubtedly a good progress for ordinary citizens, but for some big entrepreneurs and big landlords in Pakistan, Bhutto's reform has violated their interests, which makes them very dissatisfied.
So these people began to create various obstacles to the progress of reform, and under their trouble, Pakistan's economy suddenly came to a standstill.
The stagnation of economic reform led to the rise of the reactionaries, who began to premeditately oppose Bhutto's rule, and under the action of a group of reactionaries, Bhutto's regime began to become unstable.
Faced with this situation, Bhutto chose to hold a general election in advance, leaving the people to decide who could improve the situation at home. With Bhutto's efforts, he saw tricks many times and stabilized his position in the hearts of the people.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="31" > friendly relations between China and Pakistan</h1>
At the same time, Bhutto not only solved the problem of governing in his own country, but also kept an eye on diplomatic issues. He has taken the initiative to have friendly exchanges with other countries, and with his own outstanding ability, he has brought Pakistan's relations with other countries much closer, and among the many countries with pakistan that have close friendly exchanges, there is China.
In fact, in May 1976, Chairman Mao was sick to meet with Bhutto, when Chairman Mao had taken sleeping pills and was ready to fall asleep, but when he heard that it was Bhutto who came to see him, he immediately agreed to the meeting. In the meeting hall, Chairman Mao happily shook hands with Bhutto and extended a warm welcome to Bhutto.
In their small talk, Bhutto praised: "The chairman has created a great history and holds high the banner of the people's revolution." Chairman Mao responded modestly: "Not much has been achieved." ”
In addition, Bhutto also expressed to Chairman Mao his great gratitude to China for its friendly assistance to Pakistan and put forward his good wish that peaceful coexistence would continue in the future. In this regard, Chairman Mao, who was injured and sick, shook hands with Bhutto tightly to show friendship. The friendly exchanges between China and Pakistan have not been broken since then, and Chairman Mao also greatly admired the young President Bhutto.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="35" > men defected and Bhutto was arrested</h1>
In 1977, Bhutto was re-elected president of Pakistan, but this also aroused strong dissatisfaction from the reactionaries, and began to create various riots in the country in order to achieve the goal of bringing Bhutto down. In the midst of the chaos, Bhutto promoted Zia Haq, then commander of the Third Army, to the post of Chief of the Army's General Staff.
Surprisingly, Bhutto's kindness was not rewarded, but was hit with the most heart-wrenching blow. In the early hours of July 5, 1977, Zia Haq led the Pakistani military in a coup d'état in which rebels surrounded Bhutto's residence, intending to capture Bhutto in one fell swoop.
Bhutto's guards rushed to inform Bhutto of the news, but in the face of this situation, Bhutto behaved unusually calmly, and instead of listening to the guards' quick escape, he sat in his official residence quietly waiting for the arrival of the rebels, saying that his life belonged to the Allah. So on the same day, Bhutto was captured by the rebels.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="39" > Bhutto was arrested again</h1>
Of course, a beloved prime minister, no one can easily kill him. So the coup d'état came up with a solution — Bhutto was brought to court for assassinating his former political enemy, Ahmed Khan.
But for Bhutto, the coup d'état did nothing less than a beam-jumping clown. Bhutto didn't even hire other lawyers, and he used his expertise to dismiss all the crimes listed by the coup d'état. Eventually, the court acquitted Bhutto.
After Bhutto's acquittal, Zia Haq knew that Bhutto could not just be let go, so he simply arrested Bhutto again for endangering the military regime.
At the same time, the news of Bhutto's arrest spread internationally, so some countries began to try to rescue Bhutto through various channels, of which China was naturally quite concerned about this matter.
China sent a message to Zia Haq through the United Nations and the ambassador to Pakistan, expressing the hope that Bhutto would be released, but how could Zia Haq easily let go of Bhutto, in the face of China's request, he has been "sloppy", or turned away the Chinese master in Pakistan, or avoided talking about the release of Bhutto, and in this way, Bhutto is still imprisoned.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="43" > was sentenced to death by hanging</h1>
After learning of Zia Haq's practices, many countries in the international community began to write letters to Zia Haq to express their desire to release Bhutto.
However, in the face of such enormous international pressure, Zia Haq did not want to release Bhutto, and even, after seeing the large number of Bhutto's supporters, even thought that if Bhutto was not killed, it would have a great impact on his regime.
So Zia Haq decided to execute Bhutto and never get away with it. So on February 6, 1979, the Supreme People's Court of Pakistan voted 4:3 to hang Bhutto. This year, Bhutto was 51 years old.
On April 4, 1979, Bhutto was one of the many prisoners executed in Pakistan, and he remained calm in the face of death, just as on the day Zia Haq staged a coup, Bhutto appeared unusually calm.
In the end, Bhutto was persecuted to death, and he did not bend his spine until a moment before death, and at any time, he was as calm and gentlemanly as on the day of his meeting with Chairman Mao.
It was such a man of perseverance who became the last foreign leader chairman Mao met, and Bhutto is undoubtedly a great leader worthy of eternal remembrance by the Pakistani people, both for his contribution to Pakistan and his personal noble character.
And the scene of the day he died generously will always stay in people's hearts, he did not leave, he just changed his way to protect Pakistan.