In the history of the development of China-Pakistan friendship, there is such a Pakistani president, during his administration, not only strengthened exchanges and cooperation with our country, but also made great contributions to the interests of the Pakistani people. But it is such a president, who is well evaluated at home and abroad, but he ended up being betrayed by his henchmen and thus hanged, and he is Ali Bhutto. What kind of bizarre story does he have, and what glories and lows are unknown?
Ali Bhutto
Bhutto's whole life was devoted to the struggle of the petty and middle bourgeoisie and peasants in Pakistan, in other words, Bhutto's party represented the voices and interests of the people from the middle and lower levels of society. This is not because Bhutto was also from a humble origin, in fact, Bhutto's family was a nobleman of society, and he himself grew up in the cultivation of aristocratic education. The reason why Bhutto was able to pay attention to the interests of the lower strata of society rather than the aristocracy after coming to power had to start from Bhutto's youth life.
Because Bhutto's father was a high-ranking government official, when Bhutto was very young, because of the nature of his father's work, he often heard many conversations and exchanges about political ideas. So during Bhutto's studies, he was also keen to participate in political activities organized on campus and in society, and it can be said that people like Bhutto were born a politician. Bhutto's ideas, which were subtly influenced by these political linguistic and cultural environments, sowed the seeds for his future political career. Bhutto himself has a high degree of education, received advanced cultural quality education, he studied at the University of Berkeley in the United States and Oxford University in the United Kingdom, such a resume made it easy for him to come into contact with many Western ideas and concepts.
At that time, Bhutto had not yet fully entered the political world, because his profession at that time was actually law, and his achievements and research in law made him an outstanding scholar, and even, after graduation, he was recommended to a British university as a lecturer due to his excellent grades. Bhutto's academic career was perfect, and if he could have devoted himself to academic research, he might have been a famous professor in the field of law in the future, but a heart that yearned for politics would not always be trapped on the podium.
In 1953, Bhutto chose to return to Pakistan, where he was born and raised, and decided to dedicate his life's learning to the land. Returning home, he has always cared about young people and intellectuals in society, who he believes will be the backbone of Pakistan's future development, and this concept has also supported him to stay enthusiastic about social undertakings. Soon, such a highly educated and advanced political concept was discovered, and Mizar, then president of Pakistan, saw the talent and responsibility of this young man, so, under mizar's appreciation and reuse, the 29-year-old Bhutto was sent to the United Nations as a representative of pakistan to participate in international conferences, and in the following years, Bhutto's figure began to appear frequently in the United Nations, and he was also well known by politicians at home and abroad. During this period, Bhutto can be described as full of spirit, his work ability has been widely praised by people in the industry, and the meetings representing Pakistan are always humble, reasonable, and always fighting for reasonable interests for Pakistan.
Later, as a result of the fall of the Mizar government, the political situation in the country also changed, and the new president was Ayyub Khan, the commander of the army, who established a new regime through a military coup. This new regime did not abandon Bhutto because he had served in the Mizar government, on the contrary, in the new government, Bhutto was given greater importance, not only became the youngest member of the cabinet, but also was promoted to foreign minister at the age of thirty-five, responsible for Pakistan's foreign affairs, it was during Bhutto's foreign minister that our country and Pakistan solved the long-standing Sino-Pakistani border problem and signed the relevant peace treaty, under his efforts, China and Pakistan have always maintained peaceful cooperation. An important relationship for common development.
In addition to diplomacy, Bhutto has also contributed to domestic economic and political reforms, cooperating extensively with world economic powers, such as the Soviet Union, the United States and other major countries have provided economic assistance in Pakistan, and Bhutto is also committed to the reform of grass-roots democracy and class contradictions. In those years, Bhutto was full of praise at home and abroad, and many people were praising this young and promising politician. But a man's journey, like sailing the sea, could never have been smooth sailing, and soon Bhutto's first blow came.
In 1965, after the end of the Second India-Pakistani War, the Ayyub Khan regime was unable to resolve the situation, chose to compromise with India on the side of the aggression, and agreed on a contract that harmed Pakistan's interests. Bhutto was gradually marginalized. Finally, the following year, Bhutto announced that he would no longer hold any position, resigned as minister of foreign affairs, and then went abroad to become his lawyer, which was also the first time in his life. But this is not his biggest blow, on the contrary, he will soon usher in the peak of his power, not far from the day he became president.
A year later, Bhutto returned to politics, this time he saw clearly the incompetence and military rule of the Ayyub Khan government, in fact, it was a kind of harm to Pakistan, so he did not return to the original government to continue to serve, but strengthened his idea of forming a new regime, this idea was quickly supported by many people at the bottom and young intellectuals, in front of the people's hearts, Bhutto had a unique advantage, so in 1967, a new political party - the People's Party was established, the leader was Bhutto, In the process of growing, Bhutto began to demand re-elections and the establishment of a new government.
This was undoubtedly a direct challenge to Ayyub Khan, whose rule was threatened, and Ayyub Khan immediately imprisoned Bhutto in a vain attempt to bring Bhutto to his knees by force, and it was clear that he had miscalculated, because Bhutto was winning the hearts of the people at this time, and his move immediately intensified social contradictions. More and more demonstrations broke out, and the people demanded Bhutto's release and general elections. Under such social pressure, Ayyub Khan released Bhutto, but instead of handing over power to Bhutto, he entrusted it to the then commander of the army, and then stepped down as president himself. And the army commander who was temporarily promoted, named Yahya, could only let it go in the face of the domestic situation at that time, and within two years, the BJP had the ability to govern, just waiting for an opportunity.
In 1971, this opportunity arose, in the Indo-Pakistani War, Yahya was defeated, the army was defeated, and his regime also fell, in this case, Bhutto stepped forward to save Pakistan from the collapse of the building. After he came to power, in the face of defeat, he did not escape, but immediately chose to negotiate with India, in the process of negotiation, he even personally flew to India to meet the Indian leader, and in the negotiation process, Bhutto exerted his previous experience and skills in negotiations, always safeguarding national interests everywhere, and minimizing Pakistan's losses!
In the end, India agreed to make peace with Pakistan, and the India-Pakistan war was finally properly handled. After settling foreign relations, Bhutto was finally able to free his hand to resolve the class contradictions in the country; he first reformed the domestic agriculture, rationally distributed land, protected the basic interests of the peasants, and also nationalized many industries and commerces, breaking the monopoly situation and promoting the normal development of the market. This series of reforms has led to an upturn in Pakistan's economy and a narrowing of the gap between the rich and the poor. But there are two sides to everything, and this series of reforms has also offended the nobility and the big bourgeoisie, who see that Bhutto's reforms have moved their cake, so they all hold a grudge and want to one day get the president out of office.
But after all, the will of the people and the will of the people are the key to determining the fate of a regime, and Bhutto is still the best supporter of public opinion in the new general election, and the people of Pakistan certainly understand that such a good president is thinking about them everywhere, everywhere for the interests of the country, and they will not be affected by the big bourgeoisie to change this fact. Even Bhutto himself did not expect that he would step down after being so supported by the people, and that the ending would be so sad!
The problem was with his confidant Zia Haq, who, although trusted and valued by Bhutto, was promoted all the way to the position of head of an army, but he was ambitious, he wanted not only the army of the current mobile phone, he wanted the state power in Bhutto's hands, so, under zia Haq's planning, a military coup was launched, because of Bhutto's trust, Zia Haq's army was like no man's land, and soon occupied many military strongholds and state institutions, and Bhutto himself fell into the hands of the rebels. At this time, Bhutto could not have dreamed that the political situation he had painstakingly managed would be ruined by a traitor. After a month in captivity, Bhutto was released, but he understood that he wanted to usher in more than just stepping down, it could be life imprisonment, it could be death.
Zia Hack
Sure enough, just two months later, Bhutto was prosecuted on suspicion of political murder, in fact, what reason is no longer important, there is no excuse for the crime, Bhutto has repeatedly declared his innocence in the process of being imprisoned, and the people of Pakistan understand better how such a president with the state and the nation in his heart can commit a crime. Finally, one day in March 1978, the so-called Supreme Court announced the verdict against the former president: the sentence hanged. When Bhutto, who learned of the final result, still did not want to confess his guilt, he thought he was innocent, that he had worked hard for this country all his life, and that he was not guilty!
But politics is so cruel, and people who fail not only lose their lives, but also lose their reputation. Although in the hearts of Pakistanis and the hearts of the people of the world, this is a good president, it is difficult to escape the end of being hanged. Before his death, Bhutto was tortured inhumanly, not even the most basic food and shelter was respected, his body deteriorated under such circumstances, and when he was hanged, the people of Pakistan looked at him like this, tears poured down, and their hearts had already given the answer - Ali Bhutto was innocent!
After the hanging president of Pakistan laid to rest in the ground, many people still came to his tombstone on his death day to offer a bouquet of flowers, because his contribution would not be erased and forgotten. His life has been full of ups and downs, but he has always adhered to his original intention and given everything for the country and the people, and it can be said that Ali Bhutto is a real hero!
bibliography: A Brief History of Pakistan Crisis Story: Bhutto Goes to the Gallows Rekindled Glaciers: The Indo-Pakistani War 1965