The book continues from the previous article
In the previous article "Pingwang Qiandu" and "Qin": Talking about Xi'an and Luoyang (XV) in my eyes, there are also some casual talk about some problems about the definition of "Guanzhong". There are indeed friends who question it, and it can only be said that everyone looks at things differently, even for the same thing, there is a bias in cognition. As for whether "Guanzhong" is a geographical concept or a historical concept, this question itself has nothing to discuss, this thing is equivalent to us watching the "Qin and Han" dramas when we found that there are apples, "Song Dynasty" people eat peppers, things are indeed a thing, the place is indeed a place, but it is not necessarily "from one to the end".
However, a friend raised a question that I felt was worth exploring, that is, about "Shen Hou". As I said earlier, shenhou's base area, "Shenguo", was closer to "Luoyi" and was located near Nanyang in present-day Henan. Subsequently, some friends proposed that this "Shen Guo" should be in the northwest direction of "Fenghao", that is, the "Xi Shen" recorded in some historical books. In view of the fact that this problem is indeed related to "becoming a king and moving the capital", I was used to running away from the topic, so I simply took some space to talk about this "Shen Guo" in line with the principle of what I wanted to talk about and what to talk about. Through the examination of some materials, with my understanding and cognition, Nanyang or "Xishen" to the west of "Fenghao" belongs to the "ShenGuo" to a certain extent. And the "cause" of this controversy still needs us to make a mess.
According to records, "Shen Guo" was the "Count State" of "Jiang" surnamed "Earl State" that was divided into seals in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. Its geographical location is different, and in the early days of the division, it was roughly located near Mei County in present-day Baoji City, Shaanxi Province. Regarding the history of "Shen Guo", it seems that there is not much record before Shen Hou made that earth-shattering "big event". From the time, it can be seen that what is in the register should be that when the father of "Qin Feizi" "Da Luo" was recorded in the "History of Qin Benji", there was an article: "Non-sons live in dog mounds, good horses and livestock, and are good at raising and resting." The Inuyasha people said that the king of Zhou was filial to the king, and the king of filial piety summoned the main horse to be idle in The Huanwei, and the horse was resting. The king of filial piety wanted to think that the great luo was suitable heir. The daughter of Shen Hou was the wife of Da Luo, and she had a son and became a suitable. Shen Hou naiyan Xiao Wang: "In the past, I was the daughter of Li Shan, the wife of Rong Xuxuan, born in The Middle, and returned to Zhou with her relatives, and she was in harmony with her ancestors. Now I am back with the wife of the great Luo, and I have a suitable son. Shen Luo was bigamous, and Xi Rong obeyed, so he was king. Wang Qituzhi. Then the king of filial piety said, "Xi Bofeng is the lord animal of Shun, and the animals are multi-fertile, so they have soil, and they are given the surname of Ying." Now and in the hereafter they are also horses, and their land is divided into vassals. 'Yi zhi Qin, make the restoration of the Yin clan, the name of Qin Yin. Nor did he depose the woman of the Marquis of Shen as a Luo Shi, in order to make peace with Xi Rong. ”
This passage should be very clear about the situation and status of the "Shenguo" at that time. On the one hand, this is an event that occurred during the period of King Xiao of Zhou, that is to say, at least during the period of King Xiao of Zhou, "Shen Guo" was already a very mature "feudal state". Moreover, this "Shen State" also played a very important role as a barrier for the Zhou Dynasty to defend itself against foreign enemies to the west, and even at that time, the "Shen State" had already made many "Xi Rong" tribes "obey". It can be seen that it has been fighting with Xi Rong for a long time, and judging from the order of the zhou royal family, the war against "Xi Rong" is not much recorded after "Kang" and "Zhao", but there are more foreign wars in the east, north and south, so it is very likely that it is because of the existence of "Shen Guo". "Shen" has been fighting with "Xi Rong" for many years and has achieved quite good results, which shows its combat strength! At the same time, another piece of information is that the "Shen Kingdom" is married by the king's orders with the "Big Luo" who is good at raising horses and royal horses, and the country that can fight is married to the clan of the Good Emperor, and the intention of King Xiao of Zhou seems to be very obvious, that is, to unite them and stabilize the northwest "Rong Plague" of the Zhou Dynasty. As a result, the Filial King gave the "Da Luo" clan the surname of "Ying"! It can also be said that the "Shen State" at this time has a very important significance for the "Qin" that rises in later generations, and the place where "Shen" is located is naturally west of "Fenghao", so it is also called "Xishen" by later generations.
We all understand that whenever a country or dynasty has a prefix similar to "east, west" or "north and south", that is, at different times, there are two existences that are not related but have the same name. Therefore, there must also be a "Shenguo" corresponding to "Xishen". And this other "Shenguo", which is generally considered to exist in the area of Nanzhao in present-day Nanyang City, Henan Province, is called "Nanshen" by later generations, and it is also said to be "Dongshen". Of course, this kind of name, either "east and west", or "south and north", certainly did not exist at that time, but was only a summative definition made by later generations for the purpose of differentiation. In 771 BC, "Shen Hou" joined forces with Xi Rong to capture "Fenghao", killed King You of Zhou, and established "King Ping of Zhou". This series of actions should also be familiar to everyone, so at this moment, the "Shen Hou" who launched a coup d'état and supported the establishment of the "Pingwang Qiandu" Luoyi represented "Xishen" or "Nanshen"? In the process of consulting the information, I found a very interesting theory, that is, about the term "Shen Rong". There is a saying that this "Shen Guo" who married with "Qin" and later married with Zhou was actually a military armed group in "Xi Rong" that was more closely related to the Zhou Dynasty, and their nature was a bit like the "Righteous Canal" in the "Biography of Mi Yue".
So, is "Shenguo" a branch of "Xi rong"? The original content about "Xi Rong" did not have much to do with the series of articles I wrote, and it did not want to take up too much space. However, in view of the fact that we have already talked about "Shenguo", a topic that is very importantly related to "Fenghao" and "Luoyi", and reminiscent of some replies from friends with a serious "regional black" tendency in the previous article, I would like to talk about the meaning of the so-called "Rong" with personal understanding.
As mentioned in the previous articles in this series, during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, our mainstream regimes were not very friendly to forces outside their own tribes. Therefore, the less friendly title of "Dongyi, Xirong, Nanman, and Beidi" was produced. Earlier, I talked about some things related to "Dongyi", such as "The Rebellion of King Xu Yan". So here, you may wish to talk about "Xi Rong". Like Dongyi, Xijong is relative to the area ruled by the mainstream regime. The political center of the Western Zhou Dynasty, whether it was "Fenghao" or "Luoyi", was relatively located in the "center" of the conceptual territory at that time, and around this "center", the direct jurisdiction was "Wang Ji", and then there was "vassal" and "feudal state", because at that time there was definitely no concept of "China", so it was relatively strict, according to the more general saying, or the mainstream regimes at that time, such as "Xia", "Shang" and the Zhou Dynasty, were better called "Huaxia". Then, regimes or tribes other than "Huaxia" were defined as "ethnic minorities" by the mainstream regime at that time, and "Xirong" was the collective name for western regimes and tribes outside the territory of "Huaxia" in the Western Zhou Dynasty.
The earliest source of the word "Rong" found today is on the "Bu Ci" found in "Yin Ruins" in Xiaotun Village, Anyang City, Henan Province, but as for the specific meaning of this word at that time, I am afraid that no one can say clearly. The word "Xi Rong" appeared before the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty. At the end of the Shang Dynasty, the feudal state of "Zhou" as a Yin shang, because of its long-term war with the ethnic minorities in the northwest of present-day Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi and Shanxi, the "Zhou people" at that time called the "Zhou Yuan" around the "Zhou Yuan" in the town of Fengming in Qishan County, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province, especially the hostile tribes headed by the tribes in the Xilongshan area. That is to say, the "West" in "Xi Rong" is originally referred to as opposed to the "Zhou Yuan" of Baoji. Later, the Zhou forces moved east, built "Feng" and "Pickaxe", set up "Zong Zhou HaoJing", and built "Luoyi" to set up "Chengzhou" after the destruction of the Shang, for various reasons, in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, the Zhou royal family put all its own forces outside, that is, the so-called "Huaxia" outside the forces, as well as some tribes and forces within the territory, but failed to fully surrender, collectively called "Rong", such as the tribes in the original "Yin Land", known as "Yin Rong". If divided according to the region, the "Yin Land" located in today's Anyang, Henan, whether it is "Zong Zhou" or "Cheng zhou", can not be defined by "Xi Rong". It can be seen that "Rong" is not as regional as "Yi", "Barbarian" and "Di". Rather, it was the Zhou Dynasty's collective name for hostile forces outside its own regime. In the absence of the West, nature is not so important. Regarding the content of "Rong", there are some relatively less well-known contents later.
In my previous articles, I have seen many people who are "pregnant with ghost fetuses" who hold bad water and try to provoke contradictions between Xi'an and Luoyang, and frequently publish some remarks with obvious "regional blackness". One of the theories is that Luoyang is said to be a descendant of "Lu Hunrong". Of course, there is no interest in refuting those "sunspots", but since we talk about "Rong", by the way, I will also talk about the name "Lu Hun Rong", which seems to have obvious regionality. The "Luhun" we are referring to now is located in Song County, Luoyang City, Henan Province, with "Luhun Village" and "Luhun Mountain", and is also famous for the "Luhun Reservoir" located in the middle reaches of the Yi River, a secondary tributary of the Yellow River. It has long been a place of great fame, and ancient literary figures such as Tang and Song Dynasty, Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Cen Shan, Li Ji (qí), and Han Yu and Ouyang Xiu have also settled in Luhun, or lived in Luhun, or lectured on Luhun, or traveled to Luhun, leaving many valuable poems. In the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Xuanzong and Emperor Suzong were buried in Luhun after their deaths, and Du Fu once wrote a eulogy poem for him, "Yuanwen Fang Taishou, return to Luhun Mountain".
It is estimated that many locals in Luoyang do not know that this "Lu Hun", which was once famous in the world, is not the local name of Henan since ancient times, and even this mountain and village are later, and the origin of this name is really derived from the "Lu Hun Rong" that does not sound very good. So, where did this "Lu Hun" come from? How to say this topic is also related to the current Luoyang, simply fork to chat.
The so-called "Lu Hun Rong", combined with the explanation of "Rong" written in the previous article, is actually a tribe in the land of "Lu Hun". Moreover, it is called "Rong" here, which originates from the Western Zhou Dynasty, for the reasons mentioned in the previous article, in fact, the Zhou people used to describe the opposing tribal forces that were not friendly. Although they are called "Rong" by the Zhou people, in fact, they are most likely "Huaxia" people with the same blood and even more "pure". Zuo Qiuming, a historian, writer, and thinker in the late Spring and Autumn Period, once said in his book "The FourteenTh Year of Zuo Chuan Xianggong And Xianggong": "Huigong Gong and his great virtue mean that I Zhu Rong is a descendant of the Four Yues, and it is not abandoned." The meaning of these words is not difficult to understand, and the "Huigong" here is also believed to refer to the "Huigong of Jin", which attributes the tribe called "Rong" to the descendants of the "Four Yues". Moreover, from the context, it can be understood that it is attributed to the "Four Peaks", and it seems that the identity is higher than before. So, what does this "four mountains" refer to? Next, I will try to explain it as concisely as possible with my personal understanding. There is a lot of related content, there must be omissions, when a happy look.
Also in the "Fourteen Years of Zuo Chuan Xianggong Xianggong", there is an article: "Jiang Rongshi! The Former Qin people forced Naizu wu to leave Guazhou. In this sentence, a title called "Jiang Rong" is mentioned, and they were forced to migrate from "Guazhou", where their ancestors lived for generations, because they were threatened by the "Qin people". Leaving aside this "other place" for the time being, let's first talk about this "Jiang Rong". "Jiang Rong" is a branch of the ancient Jiang surname family, according to legend, the clan was the first to invent farming techniques, according to Sima Zhen of Tang's "Supplementary History" and "Three Emperors Benji" have a record: "Zhuo (zhuo) wood for 耜 (si), rub (rou) wood for lei (lei), qi (nou) for the use, in order to teach thousands of people, the beginning of the teaching of farming, so the name of Shennong." It can be seen from this that this "Jiang Rong" is actually a descendant of the "Shennong" in our ancient "Three Emperors". According to records, "Shennong clan grew up in Jiang Shui", the current location of this "ancient Ginger Water", slightly controversial, after consulting the data, I personally believe that the "Huang River" that currently flows through the three counties of Qishan, Fufeng and Wugong in Shaanxi today is the ancient "Jiang Shui". The "Shennong" clan lived in "Jiang Shui", so it took "Jiang" as its surname. The north bank of the "HuangHe" is also considered to be the hometown of the "Yandi". It can also be understood that the so-called "Jiang Rong" actually belonged to the tribe of "Yan Emperor" at that time. Later, the "Yan Emperor" and the "Yellow Emperor" jointly defeated the "Barbarian You", merged the two tribes into the "Yan Huang", and ruled the so-called "Chinese" territory that was widely considered by later generations, so the "mainstream regime" dominated by the Han nationality would call itself the "Descendants of Yan Huang". It can be seen from this that this "Jiang Rong" is not usually considered to be an ethnic minority "Rong", but is very likely to be a more pure "Chinese nation" and "Descendants of Yan Huang".
In the years that followed, the "Jiang clan" continued to change, but the basic area of activity was in the Shaanxi and Gansu generations, and from the "Jiang", tribes such as "Gonggong" and "Qiang" were also separated. During the reign of Emperor Yao, due to his military achievements, the "Jiang Rong Clan" who lived in the "Wushan" area at that time was "promoted" to one of the leading tribes of the tribal alliance, this "Wushan" was the LiupanShan system of Nanfu, also known as "Yueshan", so the "Jiang Rong Clan" was also called "Great Yue Clan". "Wu Mountain" is considered by the ancients to be the main peak of Liupan Mountain, and the east, west and north sides are "East Wu Mountain" (now along the Huanjiang River), "West Wu Mountain" (present-day Longshan), "North Wu Mountain" (now Baiyu Mountain), together with "Wu Mountain" collectively known as "Four Mountains", so "Dayue Clan" is also known as "Four Yue Clan". From this we can almost understand that the descendants of the "Four Peaks" are actually a very high-level "political approval". It is not possible that in the "Left Biography", "Huigong" will be praised with "Great Virtue".
After Yao Shun, the "Four Yue Clan" gradually declined and slowly separated into three parts. Some of them continued to migrate west and south, merging with "Inu rong" and later becoming the "Western Qiang" in the Warring States period; some moved east, combined with the "Zhou people" and "Qin people", forming the main component of the "Chinese" in the later "Huaxia". The other branch did not merge with the ethnic minorities in the west, nor did it move closer to the so-called mainstream regime, so this "independent" "Dayue clan" became a very strong fighting tribe in the Shaanxi-Gansu region, because the "Zhou people" were accustomed to treating the tribes that were at odds with themselves as "foreign races", so this "Jiang surname" "Dayue clan" was called "Jiang Rong" by the "Zhou people", and the so-called "Jiang Rong clan" also came from this. The place where they lived, according to the Zuo Biography, was located in "Guazhou". And this "Guazhou" has basically been identified as the Dunhuang and Jiuquan generation in Gansu at present.
After talking for half a day, why is there no "Lu HunRong" thing?
Coming soon. Let's start with "Guazhou"! In the "Ninth Year of Zuo Chuan Zhaogong", it is recorded: "The adulterer of the old surname of Yun lives in Guazhou. Later, during the Wei and Jin dynasties, Du Pre-annotated: "The adulterer of the surname of the old yun lived in Guazhou. Yun surname, the ancestor of Yin Rong, and the three miao are three dangers. Guazhou, present-day Dunhuang. The "Yin Rong" mentioned here is actually "Jiang Rong", and this "adultery of the surname Of Allow", Du Pre-note, one of its "Yin Rong", is named "Lu Hun". Then, if you interpret according to Du Yuan's notes, the original "Lu Hun" was located in "Guazhou", which is now "Dunhuang" in Gansu Province. However, now, Gansu does not have an ancient place name called "Luhun", why is this? I looked up some of the materials, as well as some of the papers of the seniors, and there is a saying that personally seems to make some sense. This theory is that one of the tribes of this "Yin Rong" is actually called "LiuKun". In Old Chinese, "Liu" and "Lu" are communicated, this "Lu" is the same as "six", and "Kun" is pronounced as "mixed", so "Liu Kun" and "Lu Hun" are homophonous, orally passed down for several generations, and exist as "Lu Hun". In the Warring States period, due to the strength of the Jin state, Qin Mugong could not expand to the east, and to the west, he destroyed the twelve kingdoms and opened up thousands of miles, "conquering Xi Rong, and the eight kingdoms of Xi Rong obeyed Qin". At this time, "Lu Hun" was forced to migrate to the land of "Jinnan" under the threat of "Qin", and at the same time, the "Huigong" of the Jin State welcomed this "warlike" tribe, and this "Jinnan" referred to the "Guyi River" south of the "Jin State" at that time, and the specific location where the tribe lived was the area of "Luhun" in the northeast of Luoyang Song County.
Therefore, it can be seen that the "Lu Hun Rong" is an ancient tribe with a very long history that migrated from the current Shaanxi and Gansu generations to Song County, Luoyang City, Henan Province. Instead of the so-called "Rong people", it is very likely that they are more pure "Chinese people" and "Descendants of Yanhuang"! There are also some other views on the origin of "Lu Hun". But the main controversy is where the land of "Liukun" and "Guazhou" refer specifically. One theory is that it was located not far west of the present-day city of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, and that it was possible to be located between Shaanxi and Henan. Personally, I think each has a reason, but for this topic, and about the significance of "Lu Hunrong" in archaeology, there will be no more discussion, and there will be an opportunity to talk about it later.
Don't talk about off-topic, go back and talk.
#Xi'an##Luoyang##Western Zhou##陆浑戎 #