The Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest are not virtuous, and some people occupy high positions and disregard the people, selfishness, cowardice, and fame and reputation

Like the Southern Song Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty Hao regime appointed Huan Wen as the governor of the conquest. Huan Wen raised an army at Jiangling in the twelfth year of Yonghe (356), sent the first governor to protect Gao Wu's stronghold of Luyang, the auxiliary general Dai Shi stationed on the Yellow River of Tun, and forced Xuchang and Luoyang with a water army, and on August, Huan Wen reached Yishui, south of Luoyang, and Yao Xiang, who had been besieging Luoyang for a long time, then withdrew the besieging army and turned to resist Huan Wen, and Huan Wen attacked forward in formation, and personally oversaw the battle, so he defeated Yao Xiang, and then Zhou Cheng surrendered to Huan Wen with Luoyang.

After several wars, Luoyang returned to the hands of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Huan Wen attacked Luoyang, crossing the Huai River and Surabaya on the way, reaching the northern border, climbing the big boat tower with some of his subordinates, looking at the Central Plains in the distance, and indignantly saying: "In the end, the land fell, and the prosperous city became a desolate mound and ruin for a hundred years, and Wang Yifu and these people could not but bear the responsibility!" (See the new language "Huan Gong into Luo" Huan Gong into Luo, through Huai, Si, jianbei, with the subordinates Dengping Chenglou, overlooking the Central Plains, sighing: "Then the Shenzhou Lu Shen, the century-old hill ruins, Wang Yifu and the people had to let it be responsible!") ）

Who is this Wang Yifu? There was such an energy that caused the Western Jin Dynasty to perish and the Northern Kingdom to perish. Wang Yifu was the official of the Western Jin Dynasty, Such as Shang Shuling, Situ, and Taiwei. If you don't know who Wang Yan is, then the famous "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest" of the Wei and Jin Dynasties should have heard of it. The Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest were seven people in the first years of Wei Zheng (240-249), Ji Kang, Ruan Yuan, Shantao, Xiang Xiu, Liu Ling, Wang Rong and Ruan Xian, who were often under the bamboo forest in Shanyang County (present-day Hui County, Henan, Xiuwu area) at that time, drinking, singing, and wantonly drinking, and the world was known as the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest. It is true that this Wang Yan is Wang Rong's subordinate brother (cousin, clan brother), Wang Rong and Wang Yan were the Hao forces in the Wei and Jin dynasties, and both were representatives of the Hao clan in the Western Jin Dynasty, both of whom were senior officials of the Western Jin Dynasty, and who were shang shuling and Situ.

When Huan Wen boarded the ship building, the Wang brothers had already seen The King of Yan. And Wang Yan's death is just like what we said in the previous two articles, let us once again see through the Eastern Han Dynasty Wei JinHao clan pretending to be "Confucianism" and "famous religion", but in fact it is extravagant, greedy, selfish, and the viciousness of treating the people as grass and mustard (see Professor Zheng Qiang's related lectures).

Wang Yan and Sima Yue, the king of the East China Sea, raised troops together to resist the Hu people, and after Sima Yue's death, everyone wanted to worship Wang Yan as the commander, and this soft bone was the same as every performance in his life, and he was afraid to be afraid. As a result, the leaderless army was quickly defeated by Shi Le. Shi Le and Wang Yan had a very pleasant conversation, and at this moment, the selfish, shameless, and worldless nature of the Hao clan was inadvertently exposed. Wang Yan went so far as to persuade Shi Le to claim the title of emperor. Shi Le, who had been talking happily just now, changed his face and said, "You are famous all over the world, as a high-ranking official of the Western Jin Dynasty, you entered the imperial court to hold important positions when you were young, until you were white-haired and full of heads in charge of the government above the court, and you were shameless enough to say that the corruption of the imperial program did not concern you; it was your crime to destroy the world." After that, Shi Le was afraid of dirtying his own knife and directly buried Wang Yan. Wang Yan died a lot, and his brother Wang Rong was also a hill; however, tens of thousands of soldiers did not die on the frontal battlefield, all died under Wang Yan's selfish self-preservation.

(See Book of Jin, Liechuan XIII.) Yue Zhi consulted Gou Xiye, and Yan made Tai Wei the Commander of the Taifu Army. and Yue Xue, and was promoted to marshal. Yan Yi thief Kou Feng, afraid and afraid to be. Words: "I have no eunuchs, and I follow the passage of time, so I am here." Can Ann deal with today's affairs? "The Russian army was broken by Shi Le, and the prince of Lehu met with him and asked Yan Yijin. As the cause of Chen's misfortune, Yun Ji is not in himself. Le Shi is pleased, and the words move day. Yan said that he was less hesitant and wanted to spare himself, because he persuaded him to take the honorific title. Le Fury said: "The name of the king covers the four seas, he is in a heavy position, and he is young and strong, so as for the white head, why should he not hesitate to say anything evil in the world!" Destroying the world is a king's sin. "Make the left and right out." It is said that his party Kong Cang said: "I have traveled a lot of things in the world, and I have never seen such a person, so can I live?" Cang Yue: "The three dukes of The Golden Age will not do their best for me, so why is it expensive?" Le Yue: "Don't be sharpened." "Let the walls of the night be filled with killing." Yan was about to die, Gu said, "Woohoo! Although Wu Cao is not as good as the ancients, if the ancestors are still floating, they will not be able to do it today. "At the age of fifty-six. ）

Wang Yan not only behaved like this in the face of Shi Le, but also faced the rebellion of the Eight Kings, and he was also self-protective, not thinking about protecting the country and the people. When we talk about the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest, we often talk about Wang Yan, because Wang Yan and his brother Wang Rong are all together with his brother Wang Rong regardless of origin, style, morality, so-called talent, value orientation, and political philosophy. Therefore, we know that Wang Rong and Wang Yan brothers are the Hao clan of the Western Jin Dynasty, and their characteristics have been discussed in the previous articles.

However, we know that the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest are known for their debauchery, their personality is free, they are not rich (even disgusted with the Hao clan magnates), they do not abide by the name of the religion, but they are all talented; how the Wang brothers are still the same as before, with the face of the Hao clan (of course, the Wang brothers are originally the Hao clan, or it can be said: since they are the seven sages of the bamboo forest, they have not yet taken off the evil cloak of the Hao clan).

Let's hear what the Wang brothers had to say, "Alas! Although those of us who are inferior to the ancients, if we do not respect flashy talk and work together to save the world, we may not be able to reach this step of the world today. ”

(See Book of Jin, Liechuan XIII, Yan will die, Gu said: "Woohoo! Although Wu Cao is not as good as the ancients, if the ancestors are still floating, they will not be able to do it today. ”）

It is true that the "flashy Qing Talk" in Wang Yan's mouth officially originated at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty and became the end of the Cao Wei Dynasty, and the alienation and the two Jin Dynasties of the "Wei Jin Qing Talk, Xuan and Xuan." ”

However, Qing Tan was not originally "Xuan and Xuan", and it is also true that most of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest were "debauched, free of personality, not doing anything to the magnates (even disgusted with the magnates of the Hao clan), not abiding by the name of the religion, but having good talent". So how could Wang Yan issue a lament when he was dying, "Talking about the Wrong Country"?

After that, we will find that some of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest are true sages, some people are cynical and cynical, some people are bent on perfection, some people are pure and free, and some people are ignorant and covet extravagant, rich and famous.

Let's peel back the cocoon together.

The rise of the Qing Dynasty was closely related to the "party struggle" at the end of the Han Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty, scholars, nobles, and others were dissatisfied with the phenomenon of eunuchs' chaotic government, and there was a party struggle with the eunuchs. The incident was named after the eunuch imprisoning the soldier for life on the charge of "party man". The anti-eunuch clique was severely hit, and the party members were brutally suppressed.

In the dispute between the party and the sergeant, the sergeant commented on the fact that the government of the dynasty had formed a party, but it did not achieve the purpose of getting rid of the eunuchs. In the party dispute, the party member Guo Tai retreated completely and was not implicated. The reason for this is that Guo Tai does not comment on the korean and Chinese figures, but only abstractly explores the theory of human ethics.

(See The Book of Later Han and the Biography of Guo Tai, although Guo Linzong was good at identifying and judging characters, he did not make an intense and profound discussion, so the eunuch dictatorship could not hurt him.) When the party disaster arose, most of the well-known people suffered from it, and only Guo Linzong and Yuan Hong of Runan were spared. So the professor closed, and there were thousands of students. ）

That is to say, in order to protect themselves, the party celebrities at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty changed their specific evaluation of whether the appointment of imperial court figures was appropriate, that is, "Qing deliberation", and for the discussion of abstract and mysterious reasoning, that is, "Qing Talk". It can be seen that the rise of Qingtan was the self-protection strategy of the celebrities at that time, not to sell fame and reputation, but the Qingtan was one of the characteristics held by the celebrities at that time (this is very important). Therefore, we say that "Qing Tan" began with Guo Tai (some documents become "Lin Zong", because of the Guotai character Lin Zong).

Qing talked about Guo Taicheng and Cheng Yu Ruan. The transitional figure is Ji Kang.

In the period between Guo Tai and Ruan, that is, when the Eastern Han dynasty existed in name only, Cao Cao actually seized power from eunuchs, and began with a wide range of speeches, meritocracy, and advice. The early Cao Wei Qing talk (roughly until the murder of Ji Kang in the early Western Jin Dynasty and the termination of the Wang brothers' reign) were practical political issues of the day, and were a kind of thing that celebrities and scholars expressed the position and viewpoint of political administration. It can be seen that this period should be called "qing discussion" rather than "clean talk".

There is a reason why we say that "Qing Tan" began with Guo Taicheng and Ruan Yuan. Because the political situation changed from Ji Kang onwards, the Hao representative Sima Shi gradually controlled the Cao Wei Daquan, and the nature of the Cao Wei regime actually evolved from representing the small and medium-sized landlord intellectuals of the Han ethnic group to a political regime of the Hao clan. The similarities and differences between the Hao and Han tribes, Cao Wei and the Sima clan of the Western Jin Dynasty As we said in the previous article, we will not repeat them here.

After Sima Shi came to power, Cao Wei's frugality and talent suddenly became the characteristic of extravagant and heavy doors. However, the original Han intellectuals refused to obey under the obscenity of The Sima clan, and the Han Legalists who had lost power had no place to play, so they turned to the Taoist Fa Nature. Its essential significance is that both the Dharma and the Taoists are anti-"famous religions" (note that the "famous religions" that maintain the orthodoxy of the Hao people are not really "Confucianism").

In addition to being a representative of Han intellectuals, Ji Kang also had an identity: Cao Cao's great-granddaughter and son-in-law. In his early years, Ji Kang married the great-granddaughter of Emperor Cao Cao of Wei as his wife, the Lord of Changle Pavilion, and worshiped The Official Langzhong and conferred the title of "Ji Zhongshan". Ji Kang, the head of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest, was not actually unwilling to be an official, but only an official of the Sima clan.

Why Ji Kang is not willing to be an official of the Sima clan, after reading my previous articles, I will understand it more profoundly, as an ordinary person who is worried about the country and the people, he is not willing to be an official of the Sima clan, not to mention the hypocrisy, extravagance, forbearance, and cruelty of the Qinggao, evil hao clan. Such as Ji Kang, Ruan Yuan, Liu Ling.

Ji Kang was famous at a young age, and his anger was preached and handsome. And Sima Shi needed the endorsement of these celebrities to represent Cao Wei. In order to get rid of Sima Shi's entanglement, Ji Kang chose Lao Zhuang's study, but because of his identity, it was not obedient to those in power to be opposed. Another Shantao of the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest" was originally a small clan, not a Hao clan; but he turned to the Sima clan politically. Once, Shan Tao recommended Ji Kang to Sima Shi, but Ji Kang replied.

Let's take a look at Ji Kang's words when he refused: "Kang replied that he refused because he said that he could not be vulgar, not Bo Tang and Wu." From this sentence, we can see Ji Kang's attitude, "customs" here should be flowing in the mundane affairs, not competent in government affairs, and comparing Sima Shi to Tang and Wu has a delicate problem.

We should also remember that there was a scene in the "Three Great Filial Pieties of the Han Dynasty": Xun Yan, He Zeng, and Wang Xiang went to see Sima Zhao, and the other two knelt down to pay their respects, while Wang Xiang only made a long bow; he also won the favor of Sima Shi.

(See Book of Jin, column III.) And Emperor Wu was the King of Jin, and Xiang and Xun Yan went to The Lord, and Xiang said: "Respect for the King, He Hou has already done his respect, and now he should worship him." Xiang Yue: "Xiang Guocheng is honorable, but he is the prime minister of Wei." We are the three dukes of Wei, the princes and kings are gone, the first order is only, the class is datong, and there are three divisions of the Son of Heaven and worship people! Damage to the hopes of the Wei Dynasty, loss to the virtue of the King of Jin, gentlemen love people with courtesy, I do not do it. "And enter, worship, and xiang alone." Emperor Yue: "Today Fang Zhijun saw gu zhi's weight!" "）

Why, the Hao clan emphasizes "famous religions" and "ritual numbers", although Sima Shi is wide on the outside and jealous on the inside, thinking that the more supporters who seize power, the better, but the "famous religion" cannot be lost, although it is very hypocritical (as hypocritical as Wang Xiang's crying of noble townspeople). Therefore, in the eyes of others, there is no problem or even flattery to compare Sima Zhao to "Tang and Wu", if it is said by other cronies, it is estimated that Sima Zhao laughed like a flower; but this sentence came out of Ji Kang's mouth, but in the eyes of Sima Zhao, the representative of the Hao clan who flaunted "famous religions" and "ritual numbers", it seemed like a man's back. Sure enough, Sima Zhao was furious. However, due to the "famous religion", Ji Kang also had no handle to grasp.

(See Wei Zhi 21 Pei's note on "Wei Shi Chunqiu")

The opportunity finally came, Ji Kang had a friend named Lü An, the son of Dongping Lü Zhao, and Lü would have a half-brother named Lü Xun who was not a thing; Lü An's wife was more beautiful. Once, Lü Xun took advantage of Lu An's absence and drunkenly raped her daughter-in-law. When Abdul came home, his wife told him about it. Lu An was very angry and wanted to go to the government to sue Lü Xun. Lu An also told Ji Kang about this matter, but Ji Kang believed that the ugliness of the family should not be publicized. Under the persuasion of Ji Kang, Ah did not go to report Lü Xun. Who knew that Lü Xun was afraid that the matter would be revealed, but he went to the official palace to falsely accuse his brother of filial piety and sent Lu An to prison. Ji Kang was very angry, and he stood up to testify on Lu An's behalf and defend the unjust case.

(See Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, vol. 21, "The Biography of Wei Shu And Wang Yue", with the biography of Ji Kang: "To Jing Yuanzhong, sit in the matter of the curse.") The Southern Dynasty Song Pei Songzhi quotes the Spring and Autumn of the Wei Dynasty: "Kang was friendly with Dongping Lü Zhaozi and Sunda's brother An. He will commit adultery with his wife Xu Shi, and falsely accuse An of not filial piety and imprison him. An Yin Kang as a witness, Kang Yi does not live up to his heart, to ensure his affairs, an is also fierce, and has the strength to help the world. Zhong Hui persuaded the general to get rid of him and kill An and Kang. ”）

At this time, Sima Shi finally seized the opportunity and killed Lu An and Ji Kang under the operation of Zhong Hui. The crime was "violating the name of the religion, not filial piety."

After Ji Kang was killed, the mood of another celebrity, Ruan Yuan, who was also Ji Kang's friend, could be imagined. And Xiang Xiu, the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest", entered the dynasty as an official. Although Xiang Xiu was committed to the Hao clan, but who knew the geometry of his heart, and later Xiang Xiu finally wrote a "Thinking of the Old Endowment" to commemorate Ji Kang.

(See Book of Jin - Biography of Xiang Xiu.) Ji Zhongsan was not only cursed, but Xiang Ziqi counted the county into Luo, and King Wen introduced, asking: "Wenjun has the ambition of Jishan, why is he here?" "Nest and Xu Junjie's men are not enough to be domu." "Wang Dazhi)

Seeing that the Han celebrities who supported Cao Wei were pressed to the execution ground one by one, Ruan Zhi also had to enter the court as an official, but he chose a more free-spirited way. Sima Shi originally wanted him to be a "big" official (engaged in Zhonglang), but Ruan Zhi heard that the position of infantry lieutenant was vacant, and he only asked for this position because "the kitchen is full of wine, and the campers are good at brewing wine"; so he "indulged in drunkenness and left behind the world" and "(Ruan) did not care about people, but naturally high". At this time, Ruan Zhi was already more than Guo Tai, not talking about political affairs, not caring about government affairs, and only talking about Xuan xuan and Xuan.

And another "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest", Liu Ling, is more serious about the way of the old village, "indulging in wine, or stripping naked in the house" (see "The New Language of the World - Ren Birthday Class"),Ruan Xian and his uncle indulge in the landscape wine and meat all day long.

If the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest" in the early Cao Wei period were only dissatisfied with the Hao clan, this was determined by their Han identity (except for Shantao and Wang Rong); while Shantao and Wang Rong and the like only wanted fame and indulgence (this is the nature of the Hao clan, but because of the "famous religion", it was only a last resort, and then "the far-fetched combination of Lao Zhuang and the famous religion" was that the Hao clan completely released themselves).

The so-called Xuanzhi and Xuan, indulgence, etc., are just means of self-preservation that Ji Kang and Ruan Zhi do not want to join the Sima clan of the Hao clan.

How did the Hao clan of the two Jin Dynasties get infected with this atmosphere?

In his early years, Wang Rong and Wang Yan had close contacts with Ji Kang and Ruan Zhi, and liked to indulge in landscapes and rivers, and the famous scholars talked about it, and admired the way of Lao Zhuang (Qing Tan became a sign of gaining social fame at this time). However, the Langya Wang clan was originally a Hao clan that emphasized "famous religions", and did not want to lose the right of the Hao clan to live a luxurious and prosperous life. More importantly, Wang Xiang, another member of the Langya Wang clan, was also a heavy vassal of the Sima clan, because the Hao family passed on the ideology of "famous religion", family interests, personal glory and the overall interests of the Hao clan; it was natural for the Wang clan to turn to the Sima clan. Therefore, it will find a theoretical basis to make the proposition of nature and "famous religion" together.

See the dialogue below for details, which shows the true thoughts of Wang Rong's heart. Book of Jin, vol. 49 (Nguyễn Đồng Zồng Zhồng)

　　Seeing Situ Wang Rong, Rong asked, "The saints and noble names, the old Zhuang Ming nature, their purposes are the same?" After a long time, he was ordered to be dismissed. At the time, it was called "trilingual". ("will not be" is a mnemonic, the actual meaning is "same")

Ruan Zhan and Wang Rong tried their best to find the similarities between the two, and finally persuaded themselves that these Hao clans of the two Jin Dynasties also began to "talk about it".

However, it should be noted that the early representatives of the Hao clan did not advocate the way of nature, because the way of nature was completely different from the "famous religion", and the early representative figures of the Hao clan, such as Wang Xiang, He Zeng, and Zhong Hui, were extremely disgusted with the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest". This is also the reason why Wang Rong is eager to find the theoretical reason for advocating that nature and "famous religions" are "the same".

Ji Kang and Ruan Zhi's talk and absurdity are a kind of self-preservation; because they are staunch Han intellectuals, especially Ji Kang has a lot of beaks and dissatisfaction with Sima Shi, ruan zhi is of course the same. The so-called assertion of nature and absurdity is only an expression of ruthless ridicule of the "famous religion" that the Hao people enshrine.

Cite a paragraph to illustrate:

Ruan Was buried by his mother and sat in wine and meat in King Wen of Jin. Si Li He Zeng was also sitting, saying: "Ming Gong Fang ruled the world with filial piety, while Ruan Zhi showed himself in the public sitting drinking and eating meat with heavy mourning, and it was advisable to flow overseas and teach with righteous style." King Wen said, "Emperor Sizong destroyed the Tombs like this, and the king cannot worry about it, what is it?" And there is a disease and drinking and eating meat, and the funeral is also!" Drinking and drinking, he looked at ease.

Ruan Bi was a buried mother, steamed a fat dolphin, drank two buckets, and then said bluntly: "Poor!" They all got the number one, because they vomited blood, and they were wasted for a long time.

(Excerpt from "The World Speaks a New Language")

Ruan Ji did not grieve for the death of his mother, of course not; he just used his own behavior to punch the "famous religion" in the face. Just like Cao Cao used the "meritocracy" to punch the face of the Hao clan's "door valve, heavy door birth, heavy filial piety, heavy etiquette".

After Ji Kang's death, Nguyen Trang further promoted the absurdity of the "Qing Tan" Xuan Zhi Xuan and the absurdity of his behavior.

"Talking" has never been a way to rule the world. It is only a means used by the opposition to express dissatisfaction, but it is troublesome for the people in the court to enshrine it as a guideline.

The true meaning of "clean talk" is: avoiding disasters and protecting oneself, indulging in lust, absurdity, and mysteriousness. When the trend of clean talk prevails, talking about specific political strategies and means of governance has become a vulgar and secular person who makes people laugh.

Imagine what the Two Jin Dynasties (after Sima Yan) under the rule of such a large number of door valves could become. The "Wind of Qing Talk" accelerated the overthrow of the Hao clan, and also accelerated the overthrow of the two Jins.

In addition, the "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest" has nothing to do with the Bamboo Forest, the Bamboo Forest is taken from the "Tianzhu", because of the monks' talk at that time, the Seven Sages are just a pronoun taken from the Seven Authors of the Analects; just as we know the Eight Great Vajras of Buddhism, we can't stop saying who is who is what and what the Eight Great Vajrayogini.