Text: Fringe (Columnist for Reading History)
Qin Shi Mingyue Han Shi Guan, the Long March of Ten Thousand Miles has not been returned.
But to make the Dragon City fly will be, not to teach Humadu Yin Mountain.
This is one of the "Two Songs Out of the Plug" written by Wang Changling, a famous border poet of the Tang Dynasty. For more than a thousand years, whenever the land of Shenzhou was invaded by foreign enemies, countless Sons and Daughters of China would use this poem to express their desire for loyal and good generals and their confidence in expelling foreign enemies to defend their homeland. The People's Daily lists it as a classic, and primary and secondary school Chinese textbooks also include it as a memorized poem.
However, it has been controversial to refer to who the "Dragon City Flying General" in the allusion "but make the Dragon City Flying General, do not teach Humadu Yin Mountain" in which it refers.
Is it Li Guang, the Hanfei general who wore Yang in a hundred steps? Or is it the Han general Wei Qing, who is one of the four famous generals of "Han Bai Wei Huo"?
In the Chinese textbook, the interpretation of "Dragon City Flying General" as Wei Qing and Li Guang is really a slimy approach.
My opinion is that there is no need to argue, it is Wei Qing.
In the second year of the reign of Emperor Yuanguang of the Han Dynasty (123 BC), The Han Wudi Emperor Liu Che, who had just ascended the throne, was anxious to reverse the situation in which the Han Dynasty had been passively beaten against the Xiongnu for a long time, and set up an ambush at Mayi City in an attempt to use the property in the city to ambush the Xiongnu.
Unexpectedly, however, just as shan Yu, a Xiongnu military minister, was about to enter the ambush circle with a large army, the pavilion lieutenant guarding the beacon tower revealed the news of Emperor Wu of Han's ambush to the Xiongnu. The Xiongnu turned around and retreated, causing Han Wu's plan to fail, known in history as the strategy of Mayi.
In order to stabilize the situation, Emperor Wu of Han had to execute Wang Hui, who was plotting to lure the enemy. In retaliation for Ma Yi's plot, the Xiongnu sent troops to harass the Han Dynasty's borders for several years.
At this moment, the Han court, the ministers who advocated peace and pro-policy gained the upper hand because of the failure of Ma Yi's plot, and the prestige of Emperor Wu of Han was severely challenged, and he urgently needed a victory against the Xiongnu!
Finally, in the sixth year of Yuan Guang, the ambitious Emperor Wu of Han waited for his "sword",—Wei Qing, who was born of slavery.
Wei Qing (衛青), courtesy name Zhongqing, was the son of a minor official in the Cao Shou Mansion of the Marquis of Pingyang who had an affair with a maid surnamed Wei. Because of his status as an illegitimate son, Wei Qing was treated coldly when he was young, and was even regarded as a slave by his half-brother.
Unwilling to submit to fate, Wei Qing defected to his mother's Marquis of Pingyang, but due to his mother's lowly status, he could only give the princess of Pingyang, the wife of the Marquis of Pingyang and the sister of Emperor Wu of Han, as a riding slave.
But how can the brilliance of genius be overshadowed by identity, Wei Qing will usher in a major opportunity to change his destiny here.
In the second year of Jianyuan, after Emperor Wu of Han worshipped his ancestors to pray for blessings and disasters, he stopped by to visit Princess Pingyang and took a look at Wei Qing's sister Wei Zifu.
Wei Qing, who entered the DPRK with his sister, thought that his life had ushered in a turning point, but he did not expect that what followed was the disaster of killing.
Wei Zifu entered the palace and became increasingly favored, but Empress Chen was increasingly snubbed by Emperor Wu. In order to vent her daughter's anger, the empress's mother kidnapped Wei Qing in a fit of rage. With the help of his friends, Wei Qing was able to escape from death.
When Emperor Wu of Han heard of this, he simply recruited Wei Qing into the Inner Dynasty and promoted him to jianzhangjian. In this way, Wei Qingyin mistakenly began his career.
Within a few years, because Wei Zifu was favored, Wei Qing was promoted to dazhong doctor. For a person from a slave background, this is already a high position of food and clothing. However, Wei Qing was terrified, he knew that he had not made any achievements, and he was promoted by the grace of his sister.
At this moment, Wei Qing urgently needed a victory in a war to prove himself, and Emperor Wu also urgently needed a victory to establish his prestige, and strength and opportunity came together.
Wei Qinghuo went to the strategy of attacking the Xiongnu in the medical history, click on the picture to enlarge it
In the sixth year of Yuan Guang, the Xiongnu once again attacked the border in a large-scale southward attack, and Emperor Wudi of han sent four generals, Gongsun He, Gongsun Ao, Li Guang, and Wei Qing, each leading 10,000 cavalry to attack in four routes, and took the initiative to find the Xiongnu for a decisive battle.
In this battle, Gongsun He did not find any trace of the Xiongnu and returned without success; Gongsun Ao lost 7,000 soldiers and returned with feathers; and Li Guang's entire army was destroyed, and he himself was defeated and captured, taking advantage of the Xiongnu's lack of preparation, turning over and fleeing on a Prancing Horse.
Only Wei Qing, who was fighting for the first time, did not respect the ancient law and did not follow the old practice, and ran for more than 800 miles in a long distance, directly pounding the Dragon City and beheading more than 700 people, and returned victoriously.
Longcheng was a sacred place for the Xiongnu to worship the ancestors of Heaven and Earth, and in this battle, Wei Qing broke the myth of the invincibility of the Xiongnu, preserved the face of Emperor Wu of Han, and opened the prelude to the counterattack of the Han Dynasty.
After the great victory of Longcheng, for more than ten years, Wei Qing successively recovered Heshuo, raided Gao Que by surprise, and made two Dingxiang, and in the Battle of Northern Desert, he defeated the main force of the Xiongnu with a partial division, helping his nephew Huo to go ill and make the immortal achievement of "drinking Ma Hanhai and sealing the wolf Juxu".
Wei Qinghuo went to the disease of this pair of imperial double walls, and with his own talented military talents, they jointly cast the glory of the Great Han Dynasty.
However, for a long time, literati interpreted "Dragon City Flying General" as Li Guang.
Li Guang, who has long been admired by the people for his prestige as General Fei, did not have a high-profile performance in the Han-Hungarian War throughout his life. He was originally a military general of the Jing Dynasty, and he was brave and fierce, but his traditional conservative tactics against the Xiongnu's cavalry tactics were obviously outdated.
The Xiongnu worshipped warriors, and Li Guang, who was brave and senseless, was respected by the Xiongnu, which also led to being targeted by the Xiongnu when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered a four-way army to attack the Xiongnu.
The "Book of Han and the Biography of Li Guang" records that After Li Guang's army was defeated and he escaped from death, he was stripped of his post by Emperor Wu. During the period of his post, one day Li Guang went out on horseback, and after getting drunk with his friends, he passed by Baling Pavilion, and the garrisoned Baling Pavilion lieutenant stopped Li Guang from passing by order according to law, arranged for Li Guang to stay in Baling, and only let him go after dawn.
Soon, the Xiongnu invaded the south again, and Li Guang was appointed as the Right Beiping Taishou to fight against the Xiongnu, and Li Guang had just been reinstated as an official, so he killed Baling Wei.
Li Guang's declaration of personal vendetta and the killing of good deeds in this way shows that he not only has no achievements in military affairs, but his character is also really worrying.
If the "Dragon City Flying General" refers to Li Guang, it can be said to be a great irony.
Li Guang had never been to Longcheng, nor had he ever had the feat of "not teaching Humadu Yinshan". On the contrary, "not teaching Humadu YinShan" was exactly the result of Wei Qing's reconquest of Heshuo. After Wei Qing's death, Emperor Wu of Han also built his tomb in the shape of Yin Mountain, echoing the mausoleum in the shape of Huo Qilian Mountain, and at the same time the title was "Lie", taking the meaning of "Meritorious Service by Martial Arts, Honoring The Cause of Virtue and Honoring The Spirit".
However, over the past thousand years, all the people who have fallen into disgrace have compared themselves to Li Guang, expressing their sighs about their fate and difficulty in sealing the marquis, and "Feng Tang is easy to grow old, Li Guang is difficult to seal" has also become a famous sentence.
On the contrary, successive emperors have praised their proud generals with Wei Huo, but none of the generals dare to compare themselves with Wei Huo, and the grand military merits of Wei Qinghuo's illness can be seen.
What is even more helpless is that the literati of all generations, including Ma Qian of the Taishi Company, have all belittled Wei Huo as a relative, which is unfair. The dynasty in which Tang poetry flourished was also the Li dynasty, so "respecting Li and degrading wei" became more politically correct, and Li Guangcheng became a god.
Alas!