In the third year of Fumihisa (1863), under the pressure of the continuous attack of black ships, the balance of power over Japan also began to tilt. The de facto ruler of Japan, General Tokugawa Ieshige, entered the capital and entered the dynasty. This was the first time that a samurai leader had gone to Shangluo (to Kyoto) since the first time in the eleventh year of Kanei (1634), the three-generation shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu Shangluo.
For 229 years, there was limited communication between the emperor and the shogun, who lived in Kyoto Prefecture and I lived in Edo Castle, but you appointed me but could not order me, and I ruled the world but could not remove you, and Japan had been at peace for more than two hundred years under this dualistic rule of superiors and subordinates.
If the contradiction behind the two hundred years of calm is that of Tokugawa Iemogami Uelor, it has been put back on the table. So obviously, 229 years ago, Tokugawa Iemitsu Uero could be regarded as opening the curtain of the story.
The third generation of the Tokugawa clan was frail and sickly from an early age, and it is said that his nursing mother Kasuga Bureau usually hated to cover the young family with five or six quilts, and it is reasonable to say that this darker-skinned, slightly stuttering child should be a weak person. But perhaps he experienced a struggle to win a wife when he was young, but he was supposed to be a rabbit, but he lived as a lion. Under his rule, the shogunate perfected the samurai laws, completed the closure of the country, survived the Wide Hunger Famine, and suppressed Shimabara Kazuyuki, and it can be said that the political system of the Edo shogunate and japan's modern national consciousness were established from the Iemitsu period.
Tokugawa Iemitsu had three visits to Yamato in his lifetime, the first occurring in the ninth year of Motowa (1623), when shogun Iemitsu first went to Kyoto, and the so-called shogun was appointed by the emperor as a shogun, which is also the legal basis for the shogun's power. The second time, Kami-ō- occurred three years after Kanei, when Emperor Mizukō traveled to Nijo Castle, Tokugawa Iemitsu, who had just become a shogun, accompanied the Daimyo Tokugawa Hidetada to confront the emperor.
We can see that the shogun at this time was not yet the de facto ruler of all of Japan, because above it there was also the special existence of the Great Imperial Palace, that is, the shogun's father.
The samurai politics of the early Edo shogunate was a special dualistic politics, with the shogun being the enforcer of the policy and the Daimyo shogun being the policy maker, and although this division of roles began to blur during the time of Tokugawa Hidetada and Tokugawa Iemitsu, the two major sources of power in the shogunate were still firmly in the hands of Tokugawa Hidetada, the main source of power in the shogunate.
This situation did not end until the death of Tokugawa Hidetada in the ninth year of Kanei (1632), and it is clear that Tokugawa Iemitsu's third ascension to Power was made in this context.
As another powerful shogun in the history of the Edo shogunate, Tokugawa Iemitsu Jojo-ro was so poignant that his entourage alone exceeded 300,000 people. Not only far exceeding any previous Ue-Raku, but also exceeding the number of participants in the Battle of Sekigahara by 150,000, the Osaka Winter Front, which historically determined the fate of the Toyotomi and Tokugawa families, was enough to match.
Before the Battle of Sekigahara, the Eastern and Western armies were divided
But even if the price paid was to mobilize almost all the daimyōs to participate in a non-combat act, Tokugawa Iemitsu would announce to the whole of Japan the fact that the identity of the general had been transferred from his father to himself, and it was obvious how important the attribution of force was to the shogun.
On July 11, 1634, as the people of Kyoto watched as samurai dressed in fresh clothes and horses entered Nijo Castle, the Emperor's imperial palace was contemplating how to deal with Tokugawa Iemitsu, the expected visitor.
Emperor Go-Mizuo, who had previously severed the Tokugawa family's idea of being the second Fujiwara clan due to his forced abdication, was no, because he had abdicated, so it was supposed to be Emperor Go-Mizuo, and at this time he was bringing together his close vassals, Mannori Koji Hikari, Nijō Yasumichi, and Togomon Taishige. Perhaps because of Hidetada's death, or perhaps because of the emperor's succession and the settlement of the Ziyi incident, the long-tense public-military relationship began to show signs of relaxation, and in order to continue this trend, and in order to increase the salary of the public family who could not eat, they decided to send emissaries in the name of Emperor Myeongsho (who was also the niece of Tokugawa Iemitsu) and Emperor Go-Mizuo at the first time.
The next day, the Emperor's envoys and the Emperor's envoys entered Nijo Castle, and with the statement of the Imperial Palace, on the third day, the Five Regents, the Princes, the Public Family, and the temples of Gyeonggi also came to the Shogun to pay their respects. As if that wasn't enough, the emissaries of the imperial court brought a great gift three days later called the Minister of Taizheng, an official position held by Tokugawa Iemitsu's grandfather Ieyasu and father Hidetada.
It is said that Jiaguang's appointment as the minister of taizheng at this time is not only a natural thing, but also marks a complete relaxation of public-military relations.
However, in Tokugawa Iemitsu's view, this official position with a strong public component was not suitable for him to carry out his martial path, so he simply refused on the grounds that he was not worthy of the position. Although in the short term, the influence of Jiaguang's resignation was limited, after all, Emperor Houshuiwei also got what he wanted, first of all, money, and the salary on Houshuiwei rose from three thousand stones to ten thousand stones, followed by Quan, and Iemitsu personally sent a heavy minister to the imperial court to recognize the government of Houshuiwei:
All matters of the imperial court that are promoted to the rank of official are carried out in accordance with the imperial decree of the court.
Tokugawa Iemitsu
But in the long run, this directly led to the complete severance of the ties between the emperor and the samurai that had been watering down since the Osaka Summer Front, which had been maintained by relying on the granting of public official positions. Imagine that when the leader of the samurai family disdained a title of at least one or even one person, it was naturally difficult for the daimyo and samurai under him to obtain relatively high official positions, and the arm of the moneyless and powerless public family that could influence the samurai was cut off.
Even as the shogunate worked hard to reduce the influence of the public over the samurai, its control over the samurai power did not relax. Tokugawa Iemitsu also underwent a transformation of much smaller scale than the Tokugawa Ieyasu and Tokugawa Hidetada Kamino periods during the Shangluo process, the largest ever built-
Despite its small size, Ieko's change of territory on the Shangluo Road had a distinct feature, that is, its infiltration into the Western Kingdom and regions. Hineno Yoshiaki of Shimono added 10,000 stones to 20,000 stones in Kyushu's Bungo Province, Sakai Tadatsu of Musashi was transferred to Kohama, while Kyogoku Tadatsu, who was originally in Kohama, was transferred to Izumo Matsue 240,000 stones in China, 70,000 stones of the Omi Restaurant were taken over by Shimosho Ishikawa Tadao, and his former master was sent to Tanba Kameyama in, of course, in order to provide for this series of personnel appointments, Matsudaira Tadao of Kameyama was transferred to The Bungo Kamegawa River in Kyushu. The 11th Year OfeGung, represented by this change, installed a large number of lineages and clan daimyōs in Kyushu, China, Kansai,, and other places, which was also a symbol of Tokugawa Iemitsu's desire to expand his influence in areas with a relatively weak ruling base after the transfer of power from the shogunate.
This behavior was accompanied by Iemitsu's zhuyin reform of the daimyo of more than 50,000 stones in the country, because the so-called zhuyin reform was to re-register the daimyo's lingzhi wanxing and Ishigami, which meant that Tokugawa Iemitsu controlled the economic lifeblood of the samurai family, and when more than fifty daimyō in Nijo Castle received the new shōnen wanxing, the shogunate's shōchi wanxing power had been transferred from the late Daimyo Tokugawa Hidetada to Tokugawa Iemitsu.
The powerful shogun demonstrated his absolute military superiority over the whole country on an unprecedented scale of Shangluo, patched the weak places of rule with the change of knowledge, and carried out a comprehensive update and backup of the financial base of the Change of ZhuYin to the Daimyo of the Whole Country, and when he completed all this, the entire Tokugawa shogunate was fully prepared for the system change.
If the power of the Edo shogunate nine years ago was passed on by Kannaga, it was optimized and improved through continuous small updates to optimize and improve the dual political system of the great imperial palace and the shogun. Because Tokugawa Iemitsu did not have the same prestige and influence as his grandfather Ieyasu, nor did he experience the test of the Sengoku period like his father Hidetada, this meant that his rule would not be interfered with by another powerful politician after Hidetada's death, but it also meant that Iemitsu's rule lost its most powerful protection.
Moreover, as a general who only had his first son in the eighteenth year of Kanei (11641), he not only did not have the political conditions and will to become the emperor at the time of the third ascension to Luo, but also did not have a successor who could properly inherit the position of general. Therefore, the dual system of the Great Imperial Palace and the General has reached a time of change.
In order to make this change in the centralization of power by shoguns, On the basis of Shangluo, Tokugawa Iemitsu made several decisions to adapt to this major system update, and externally, he continued to improve the Samurai Dharma, in which the shogunate's most important constraint on the daimyo, the system of attendance and accounting, was clarified at this time; internally, the shogunate's administrative system also underwent a change from the shogun as the core to the old system of responsibility to the shogun.
It was at this time that the Edo shogunate truly broke away from the influence of Tokugawa Ieyasu and became a sound samurai government agency. When this update was completed, General Shangluo lost its necessary political significance, which is why there was another General Shangluo after 229 years, and this change was due to the update package of another system brought by the Black Ship. The opening of Edo may have begun with Tokugawa Ieyasu's inauguration as a shogun of the Seiyi, but Edo truly became a samurai city, and the shogunate's complete demise of the remnants of the Sengoku period may have begun when Tokugawa Iemitsu stepped on his war horse and took the first step toward Kyoto in the eleventh year of Kanei.
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