Chen Duxiu
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Editorial Board of New Youth
Chen Duxiu confessed
▼ Leaflet of the "Beijing Citizens' Declaration" drafted and distributed by Chen Duxiu
▼ "Celebrating the 100th Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China, Searching for the Red Geography of Beijing" Series of Reports
▼New Youth at the beginning of its inception
▼The renamed "New Youth"
▼Documentary on the Activities of the Communist Party of China in Beijing (Ping) Published by the Beijing Municipal Archives
In July 100 years ago, the Communist Party of China was founded. In order to celebrate this year of great significance, remember the revolutionary history, and carry forward the red feelings, Beijing Youth Daily and the Beijing Municipal Archives jointly launched a series of reports, based on the archives' collections, to explore the red geography of Beijing, relive the revolutionary sages to explore the truth of saving the country, and pursue the great road of national awakening and progress.
Issue 2
The former site of the editorial office of "New Youth" at No. 20 Jianzhan Hutong
Thoughts change reality
The south courtyard works, the north courtyard lives; the courtyard is not large, and the impact is huge
20 Arrow Hutong is a small courtyard hidden deep in the winding and quiet alley on the north side of Donghuamen Street. Push open the red Ruyi door and enter, the north and south rows of rooms at a glance. Don't look at the courtyard is not big, but the impact is not small, more than 100 years ago this is Chen Duxiu's residence in Beijing, and it is also the former site of the editorial office of "New Youth" in Beijing. From January 1917 to the end of 1919, this small courtyard gathered a group of outstanding thinkers and cultural pioneers, and profoundly influenced and promoted the new cultural movement and the May Fourth Movement that changed the entire Chinese society.
In 1935, when Hu Shi reprinted the inscription for New Youth, he said: "New Youth" is a journal that divides the history of Chinese literature and thought into an era, and the literary movement and ideological reform in the past 20 years have almost all started from this journal. In 1942, Mao Zedong said in a speech to the study group of the CPC Central Committee: Chen Duxiu was the commander-in-chief of the May Fourth Movement. Now is not the time for us to propagate Chen Duxiu's history, and in the future, when we revise Chinese history, we must talk about his merits.
In 2001, the former site of the editorial board of New Youth was announced as a cultural relics protection unit in Beijing. At the beginning of 2013, Dongcheng District included the former site of the editorial office of "New Youth" into the key project of the protection of historical and cultural cities. In 2015, the courtyard completed the renovation of the retreat, restored the original historical appearance and set up an exhibition, opening up another patriotic education place.
Why did Chen Duxiu choose to settle down in Arrow Stick Hutong? Wang Lanshun, an expert at the Beijing Municipal Archives who is very familiar with the hutongs of Beijing, told this reporter that Chen Duxiu came to Beijing from Shanghai with "New Youth" and was invited by Cai Yuanpei to enter Peking University as a dean of liberal arts. Arrow Pole Hutong is very close to the Third Courtyard of Peking University and the Red Building of Peking University, and you can go to work on foot.
"Today's No. 20 Jianzhan Hutong was called No. 9 before 1965, and this courtyard belonged to a family surnamed Sun. The Sun family has lived here since the Xuan reunification years, and they rented the east courtyard to Chen Duxiu, and the house they lived in was separated from the courtyard by a wall, and it was connected with the wall door. ”
After Chen Duxiu moved into No. 9 Arrow Hutong, the editorial office of New Youth was in the south room, and he and his family lived in the north room. Relying on Peking University, Li Dazhao, Qian Xuantong, Hu Shi, Lu Xun, Zhou Zuoren, Liu Bannong, Shen Yinmo and others have all come to this courtyard to hold editorial meetings for the theme of each periodical, collide ideas, and take turns to be editors.
Only a "popular, class, social" revolution can lead to a way out
At the beginning of its founding in Shanghai, "New Youth" was actually called "Youth Magazine", which is a comprehensive cultural monthly magazine, with about 100 pages per month and one volume on the sixth issue. After the release of the first volume, because the name was somewhat similar to the Shanghai Youth Magazine, the weekly newspaper of the Shanghai YMCA, in order to avoid unnecessary trouble, it was changed to "New Youth".
When the Youth Magazine was founded, China was in a period of fierce conflict between the old and new ideological trends, and Yuan Shikai practiced dictatorship and autocracy, stipulating that "national education should take the way of Confucius as the foundation of self-cultivation", while the ideas and concepts of democracy, freedom, equality, and fraternity imported from the West were welcomed by the intellectual class. Chen Duxiu is ambitious and determined to run a magazine that "only needs ten or eight years of work, it will definitely have a great impact." In his september 15, 1915 issue, "Greetings to the Youth," he placed high hopes on them and put forward six criteria for transforming their national character: autonomous rather than slave; progressive rather than conservative; enterprising rather than retreating; worldly rather than closed-minded; profitable rather than imaginary; scientific rather than imaginary. "Greetings to Youth" is regarded as a manifesto of the new cultural movement and has also had an important impact on the history of modern Chinese thought and culture.
After the "Youth Magazine" was renamed "New Youth", Chen Duxiu wrote an article "New Youth" in the first issue of the revised issue, calling on young people to be "new youths", physically strong, psychologically "cut away the idea of becoming an official and making a fortune", "the development of the personality of the inner map, the external map to contribute to its group", to create happiness with self-reliance, and "not to damage the national society with personal happiness".
Chen Duxiu's interaction with Cai Yuanpei has a long history, and Chen Duxiu mentioned in his later years in his "Speech after the Death of Mr. Cai Xiaomin": "The first time I worked with Mr. Cai was in the last year of the Guangxu Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty. At that time, Yang Dusheng, He Haiqiao, Zhang Xingyan and others launched an organization in Shanghai to learn explosives in an attempt to assassinate. Xingyan wrote to me, and I went from Anhui to Shanghai and joined this organization. Living in Shanghai for more than a month, he experimented with explosives every day from Yang Dusheng and Zhong Xianhuan. At this time, Mr. Xiaomin also often came to the laboratory to practice and talk. ”
Later, they all realized that assassination was not a "scientific revolutionary movement" and that "a scientific revolutionary movement must be popular, class, and social," and abandoned this form completely.
At the end of 1916, Cai Yuanpei was appointed president of Peking University, he advocated the idea of "freedom of thought, inclusiveness", implemented the system of "professors governing the school", and hired Li Dazhao, Hu Shi, Qian Xuan and other "new" figures to teach at Peking University, in which he also persuaded Chen Duxiu to relocate to "New Youth" and go north.
From the literary revolution to the spread of Marxism
After Cai Yuanpei hailed cai yuanpei as the "vanguard of the May Fourth Movement era", "New Youth" came to Beijing to advocate vernacular literature as a breakthrough in the "literary revolution".
The slogan of "literary revolution" was first put forward by Hu Shi, who studied at Cornell University in the United States, from a poem he wrote to his friend Mei Guangdi in Anhui Province: Shenzhou literature has long withered, and no one has risen in a hundred years. The new wave is unstoppable, and the literary revolution is timely! My generation vowed not to sit idly by, and called on the second and third sons.
This slogan aroused strong resonance with Chen Duxiu, who believed that "the literary person, the expression of the highest spirit of the people", also intends to improve literature. Hu Shi wrote to Chen Duxiu, "... To create new literature for the motherland, it is advisable to start with the import of Ouxi masterpieces, so that the people in the country can take some methods and observe them, and then have their own new literature to speak of. Chen Duxiu wrote back to ask Hu Shi to spend his time at homework, "... Those who translated many short stories for "Youth" such as "Duel" thought that they were the precursors of improved literature. ”
In January 1917, Hu Shi took the lead in publishing the "Discussion on Literary Reform" in the "New Youth", proposing to start the literary revolution from the "Eight Things"--"One day, there must be something to say." Second, do not imitate the ancients. Third, we must pay attention to grammar. Four, do not groan without illness. Five days, do not go to the bad cliché. Six days, no need to pawn. Seven days, do not talk about the battle. Eight days, do not avoid the colloquial words. In February, he published "Eight Vernacular Poems" in New Youth, which became the pioneering work of modern Chinese vernacular poetry.
From 1918 onwards, The New Youth was almost entirely in the vernacular. China's first vernacular novel, Lu Xun's Diary of a Madman, was published here, along with works such as Kong Yiji and Yao, as well as vernacular poems by Shen Yinmo, Liu Bannong, Chen Hengzhe, and others. After the promotion of the May Fourth Movement, in 1919, 400 kinds of vernacular newspapers appeared throughout the country; after 1920, several major domestic magazines such as "Oriental Magazine" and "Novel Monthly" were gradually vernacularized, and the literary revolution achieved great victories.
Before the May Fourth Movement, "democracy and science" had been the mainstream discourse system of New Youth magazine. After the October Revolution, the New Youth published the "Marxism" in May 1919, which published Li Dazhao's "My View of Marxism" (Part I), as well as articles on Marxist theory written by Gu Mengxiong, Ling Shuang, Yuanquan and others. However, the articles on Marxist theory published in the "New Youth" during this period are only one of the many ideological trends in China's ideological circles, and they are not yet people's ideological weapons to transform society and reshape China.
After the May Fourth Movement, New Youth continued to publish Li Dazhao's My View of Marxism (Part II). Although there has not yet been a large number of articles on Marxist theory, articles that distort and misunderstand Marxist theory no longer appear in the magazine New Youth.
On May 1, 1920, New Youth, Vol. 7, No. 6, for the first time publicly commemorated Labor Day, marking the shift of New Youth's vision from young students to the working class. At the same time, "New Youth" also published the replies and discussions of various circles in China on the "First Arahan Declaration on China", and the Soviet Revolution began to gradually become known to the people of China. With the "October Revolution" and "Marxism-Leninism" truly entering the discourse system of "New Youth", it gradually completed the evolution of the final direction, promoted the wide spread of Marxism in China, and laid the ideological foundation for the founding of the Communist Party of China in the future.
The New Youth and the May Fourth Movement
In the early "New Youth" magazine can see the words "Chen Duxiu's main author", with the platform of Peking University, in January 1918, Chen Duxiu convened a meeting of the editorial board of "New Youth" and announced that "since the first number of the fourth volume, the submission charter has been cancelled, and all the writers and translators are all edited by the editorial department, and the public is the same", "Adopt the collective system, every issue is issued, there will be an editorial meeting to agree on the next issue of manuscripts." Li Dazhao, Lu Xun, Qian Xuantong, Liu Bannong, Zhou Zuoren, Hu Shi, and Shen Yinmo joined the editorial department, and New Youth began to take turns editing, and since then it has become a real peer magazine.
It is not difficult to find that among the members and authors of the editorial board of "New Youth", the new school professors of Peking University occupy an absolute main force, and they have a high reputation in Beijing universities and are quite popular with students. Famous student movement leaders during the May Fourth Movement, such as Luo Jialun, Fu Sinian, and Xu Deheng, maintained close contacts with Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, and Li Dazhao. Although New Youth magazine did not explicitly call for the student movement, these compilers have always inspired young students with their words and deeds and provided guidance and support for their active struggle.
In 1919, the Chinese government's diplomatic failure at the Paris Peace Conference directly triggered the May Fourth student movement. On the afternoon of 4 May, more than 3,000 student representatives from three colleges and universities in Beijing broke through the obstruction of the military and police, gathered at Tiananmen Square, and played slogans such as "Swear to Fight to the Death and Return Our Qingdao," "Reclaim Shandong's Rights," "Refuse to Sign the Paris Peace Treaty," "Abolish the Twenty-One Articles," "Boycott Japanese Goods," "Fight for Sovereignty Abroad, And Eliminate National Thieves at Home," and demanded that Cao Rulin, director of the Transportation Department, Lu Zongyu, president of the Currency Bureau, and Zhang Zongxiang, minister in Japan, be punished. The student procession went to Cao Zhai and beat Zhang Zongxiang severely, and Kuang Husheng of the Mathematics and Science Department of the Beijing Higher Normal School (the predecessor of today's Beijing Normal University) was the first to rush into the Cao Mansion and took the lead in burning the Cao Mansion, triggering the "burning of the Zhao Family Building" incident. Subsequently, the military police came forward to control the situation and arrested 32 student representatives.
Why did Mao Zedong evaluate Chen Duxiu as "commander-in-chief during the May Fourth Movement"? Wang Lanshun told reporters that after combing through the relevant historical materials, it will be clear at a glance.
On May 4, Chen Duxiu published an article entitled "The Two Peace Conferences Are Useless," calling on the people to stand up, not to superstitious politicians and diplomats, and to solve problems on their own.
On May 11, he published "The Fundamental Evils of Diplomacy with Japan," in which he pointed out: "Now the poor student body, which has only a part, emits a little bit of life that the human heart is not yet dead." Only this glimmer of life, the government will kill it all..."
On May 18, Chen Duxiu once again published an article entitled "Warning all sides on the Shandong issue," pointing out: "Now that Japan has infringed on our three eastern provinces, it is not a matter, it is also a matter of encroaching on our Shandong, which is a question of the survival of all our people, and we should give play to the spirit of national self-defense. ”
On May 26, Chen Duxiu continued to publish an article entitled "The Shandong Question and National Consciousness", proposing that "axioms cannot be played by themselves, but must be strongly supported" and that "two major purposes should be held, that is, to strongly support the axioms and the common people to conquer the government." In the two articles "Warning all sides for the Shandong Problem" and "The Shandong Problem and National Consciousness", he shouted loudly: "Oh, now is still the world of robbers, and now is still the era of axiom and power!"
On June 3, thousands of students in Beijing poured into the streets for a massive propaganda campaign, and more than 170 arrests were arrested by military police. The next day, more than 800 students were arrested, sparking a new round of mass protests.
On June 8, Chen Duxiu wrote "Research Rooms and Prisons", in which he wrote, "There are two birthplaces of world civilization: one is the scientific research room, and the other is the prison. We young people must aspire to go to prison when we leave the research room, and enter the research room when we leave the prison, which is the most noble and beautiful life in life. ”
Wang Lanshun concluded that from May 4 to June 8, Chen Duxiu published a total of 7 articles and 33 articles in the Weekly Review weekly, cheering for the student movement. The weekly newspaper, founded by colleagues of New Youth, reflected the pressing political issues of the moment, complemented the theory-oriented New Youth, and became the most powerful booster of the May Fourth Movement with their influence at the time.
In addition to using articles as weapons, Chen Duxiu also took an even more sensational action, that is, drafting and distributing the famous "Beijing Citizens' Declaration". In order to realize the declaration of "only direct action, in order to fundamental transformation", on the evening of June 11, 1919, Chen Duxiu came to the New World Mall outside the front door to distribute leaflets, and then was followed and arrested by plainclothes police and sent to the Beijing Police Department, and the next day the police searched No. 9 Arrow Hutong.
After Chen Duxiu was arrested, under the rush of Li Dazhao and others, various newspapers in Beijing reported on it at the first time, and the news spread throughout the country, and people from all walks of life called for his release, and since then, they have also set off a wave of bail. On September 16, under pressure from all sides of society, the Beijing Normal Police Department finally released Chen Duxiu, who had been imprisoned for three months. However, he did not regain full freedom, and the inspector general ordered the Central District Police Department to "take precautions" and report his whereabouts on a monthly basis.
In February 1920, Chen Duxiu secretly left No. 9 Jianjian Hutong with the help of Li Dazhao and returned to Shanghai, thus ending the development of "New Youth" in Beijing, and the editorial office moved from Beijing to No. 2 Yuyangli, Huanlong Road, French Concession in Shanghai (now No. 2, Lane 100, Nanchang Road). From the eighth volume onwards, New Youth became the organ publication of the Shanghai Communist Group, still edited by Chen Duxiu. After the founding of the Communist Party of China in 1921, it once again became a publication of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
Archives bear witness to history
According to Wang Lanshun, from Chen Duxiu's arrest and release from prison to his departure from Beijing, the relevant archives of the Beijing Police Department in the Beijing Municipal Archives have been recorded. The first volume of the "Documentary on the Activities of the Communist Party of China in Beijing (Ping)", which was just published in April this year, contains 92 archives in 11 groups, including the arrest and release of Chen Duxiu during the May Fourth Movement, and the revolutionary activities of Li Dazhao and other communists and revolutionary masses in Beijing in the 1920s.
In this set of "Records of the Activities of the Communist Party of China in Beijing (Ping)", nearly 50% of the archives were published for the first time, and those that have been published have only been concerned by researchers in the past.
Wang Lanshun, who has been engaged in archival research for many years, described his excitement when he first saw these archives, as if he were talking to his predecessors.
"The charm of the archive lies in the details, if there is no archival record, Chen Duxiu distributed leaflets, was arrested, and released a series of processes are just a big and general overview." What kind of image was he at the time? How to dress and wear a hat? How do flyers fit inside clothes? How did he make up stories in his police station confessions? How to maneuver and perform the art of struggle? None of us will know. With the passage of time, the geographical environment, architectural form, historical form and social background have changed, but after looking at the archives, the process of the entire historical event seems to have reappeared again, and many things can be restored, feeling like watching a documentary. ”
【Arrested】
See a man in a white hat suit going up and down the stairs very often
Opening this "record of activities," in a report on June 11, 2008 of the Republic of China, the reporter recorded: At about eight o'clock tonight, I saw a man in a white hat and suit in the new world, going up and down the stairs frequently, and his clothes were full of puffs, that is, He was followed and investigated by Wen Mu and detectives Qin Shuxun and Li Wenhua. At about ten o'clock, the man sneaked to the southwest of the fifth floor of the mall, and at the bottom of the mall was the entrance and exit gate of the mall, and he was about to throw a leaflet down, that is, He was arrested by Li Wenhua... Examining his business card name Chen Duxiu, and checking out the foreign letter, there are three characters in Chinese, which is the "Daozi Bao", and a large volume of leaflets... (See figure (1))
In this bilingual Leaflet in Chinese and English, Chen Duxiu put forward "the last minimum demand" for the government: diplomacy with Japan, not abandoning shandong province's economic rights, and canceling the Republic of China's two secret treaties every four years and seven years; dismissing Xu Shuzheng, Cao Rulin, Lu Zongyu, Zhang Zongxiang, Duan Zhigui, and Wang Huaiqing from their official posts; abolishing the two organs of infantry commanders and garrison commanders; changing the Beijing security corps to citizens; and citizens must have absolute freedom of assembly and speech.
In a June 12 interrogation, Chen Duxiu stated in his confession: "I am a native of Huaining County, Anhui Province, aged 41, and now live at No. 9 Jianjian Hutong, Beichizi. Both of my parents are deceased, and there are only women in Kyoto, and I have a son and a daughter. I graduated from a public university in Japan, and the previous two years I came to Beijing as a senior in the Liberal Arts Department of Peking University. Two months ago, when Principal Cai was in school, I took a leave of absence to return to the south, because my uncle had passed away and had not yet been buried. A few days ago, I came to Beijing from the south, and when I was passing through Shanghai, I was handed me 1,450 leaflets by Xu Surname, a friend of the Shanghai Students' Federation, and asked me to spread them in Beijing. At ten o'clock in the morning of the eleventh of this month, I sent this leaflet to the Beijing Federation of Students for 400 to 500 copies and handed it to the unnamed higher normal students for collection. At seven o'clock in the afternoon of the eleventh day of this month, a friend invited me to dinner in Wenhuachun, and I took the leaflet to eat there, and after eating, at about ninety o'clock, I went to the New World to distribute the leaflets, and dozens of them had been scattered. At that time, someone was watching me from the sidelines, and they were carrying leaflets in my pocket, but I was caught by the officials..."
Because the police had found some magazines, newspapers, manuscripts and cables from his home the day before, at the end of the confession, Chen Duxiu explained: "... The "New Youth" magazine found out by my family is published in Shanghai, and it has been three years, one volume per month... In December last year, I set up the Weekly Review Agency, I was the chief writer, the manager was Guo Hou'an, and last December I came to the hall to file a case, and every week I published a volume..."
【Bail】
Begging for the township to go backwards
After the news of Chen Duxiu's arrest was published, it aroused the anger of the Beijing Police Department. According to the archives, on June 14, the Beijing Police Department issued a written warning to the National Gazette: "One is that the "Citizens' Declaration" leaflet recently released by the outside world is suspected by the government to be issued by Chen. Moreover, the government believes that the student trend is difficult at Peking University, which is caused by Chen Jun's advocacy of new ideas, so there are arrests... In the future, such cases should not be falsely accused of being heard. ”
What the Beijing Normal Police Department did not expect was that the national education and cultural circles heard that Chen Duxiu had launched an active bail rescue. Archives record that on June 15, the Beijing Federation of Students of Secondary Schools and Above sent a letter to the Beijing Normal Police Department; on June 16, Peking University professors Liu Shipei, Ma Yuzao, Ma Xulun, Wang Xinggong and dozens of others jointly petitioned the police superintendent (see figure (4)); on June 20, Ying Shanyi, president of the Republic of China University, Hong Kui, president of the Chinese University, and dozens of teachers of various schools, including Feng Chengjun, Yuan Dunli, Ma Yinchu, and Gu Zhaoxiong, jointly submitted their petitions; on June 25, the Anhui Tongxiang Association sent a letter to the police director; on June 26, Lu Tiaoyuan, governor of Anhui Province, called the Beijing Division Police Headquarters, the General Department of Police...
In his petition, the president of the Republic of China University, Ying Shanyi, said: "... Whether or not Chen Duxiu's remarks were appropriate or not, their original intentions were nothing more than the patriotic worries of scholars. The guarding of the place and the maintenance of the ranks of the scholars, who are admired by all walks of life in the academic and business circles, can Chen Duxiu be lenient in his past to show the country's magnanimity..." (see figure (2) (3))
Lu Tiaoyuan, governor of Anhui Province, said in the cable: "Huaining Chen Duxiu is good at making wild speeches, and students are bound by books. However, his people are studious and thoughtful, and they have nothing to do with the radical faction. Wen was arrested in Beijing, and the people here loved the scholars, and the group asked for rescue. The tide of learning has just been determined, and it seems inappropriate to revitalize the prison of words. The two dukes accommodated the crowd, admired by the people, begged to bow down to the township and go backwards, and guaranteed the release of the whole province to comfort the soldiers. ”
【In Prison】
Head pain, stomach and abdomen fall into indigestion
Wang Lanshun told reporters that it is not difficult to see from these archives that Chen Duxiu is stubborn and strong, and the act of distributing leaflets can be said to be due to personality. But at the same time, he also knows the skills of struggle and fights against those in power in his own way.
The "Event Record" contains 9 files submitted by the Judicial Department of the Beijing Normal Police Department to the Inspector General of Police for Chen Duxiu's illness and diagnosis and treatment.
On July 20, 1919, "according to the detainee Chen Duxiu, Yi now had head pain and a fall in his belly. So he sent Inspector Na Yujing to the medical office to invite the Song medical officer to the institute to give him a diagnosis, which was a case of scabies. Fu sent Na Yujing and Song medical officers to the medical office to take six packs of noodle medicine for him, and ordered him to take them three times a day. Wait. Riho will report on the first diagnosis and treatment. ”
On August 30, 1919, "according to the detainee Chen Duxiu, Yi's appetite is now incompatible. So he sent Inspector Na Yujing to the medical office to invite Dr. Lin to the institute to give him a diagnosis, which was a disease of indigestion. Inspector Liu Yongshou returned to the medical room with Medical Officer Lin to get three packs of noodle medicine and gave them to be taken. Riho will report on the first diagnosis and treatment. (See figure (5))
On September 6, 1919, "Chen Duxiu, a scattered leaflet that had been in lien with this office, had been ill since July 20, and had been diagnosed and treated by the medical officer of the medical office of this department and given medicine." There seems to be no serious illness, but in recent days, the diet seems to be reduced, and the spirit is not yet difficult. I have the honour to report chen Duxiu's medical condition and the prescription of the pharmacy to the detention center for verification. ”
【Release】
Students of the Gu Nian Shang Department should be lenient
In order to rescue Chen Duxiu, Hu Shi, Zhang Shizhao, and Luo Jialun wrote letters asking for help or to dredge up relations; in the face of the influx of joint letters, there was also a dispute within the government's top level about whether to "suppress"; in addition, Sun Yat-sen also played a certain role, and finally the Judicial Department of the Beijing Police Department announced that Chen Duxiu would be released, but Chen Duxiu had to accept the yu discipline management of the police district under his jurisdiction.
On September 17, 1919, the Police Department of the Central First District, to which Jianjian Hutong belonged, obeyed the order of the Inspector General of Police and dealt with Chen Duxiu in accordance with the Yu Commandment Law, and the report showed: "... According to Professor Liu Shipei of Peking University, Ying Shanyi, president of the Republic of China University, and others, students of beijing secondary schools and above, and Ma Qichang, an official of Beijing and Anhui province, have submitted letters one after another, and governor of Anhui Province Lu has called and said: Chen Duxiu is a scholar and a good person to speak wildly, but his people are eager to learn and think deeply, and there is absolutely no other relationship, please bail. Investigating this kind of leaflet incites people to be wrong, and his remarks are particularly destructive to social morality, Chen Duxiu actually scattered himself, although he claimed to be instructed by others, the investigation did not know the censorship, and according to the joint list of guarantees, he said that he had no other feelings, and he should be lenient when he remembered Chen Duxiu as a student. collimate. The Yu ordination shall still be imposed in accordance with Article 3, Paragraph 4 of the Law on Yu Ordination, so that they may not commit any more deviant acts..." (see figure (8))
【Yu Ring】
To hu shi house to visit is the day did not return
The so-called YuJing is a public security management regulation during the reign of the Beiyang warlords, and those who are divided here are supervised by the local police office for 3 years, and the relocation must be reported to the formalities, and if there are visitors to stay overnight, they must also report to the local police office under the management.
The following is recorded in a "Monthly Record of Those Who Inspect ordained Ordination Orders" submitted on a monthly basis.
Date of implementation: September of the 8th year of the Republic of China
Executive Signature: Inspector Bai Guiliang, Police Station, Central 1st District
Orders: Article 3, paragraph 4, who do not know how to discipline and often have acts of speech that undermine morality or obstruct the local public interest.
Nationality: Huaining County, Anhui Province
Address: No. 9, Jiangan Hutong, Beichizi Street, Central District 1, Beijing
Human appearance: The body is white and bearded
Features: None
Monthly: September
Behavior: Peaceful behavior, closed reading. (See Figure (6))
A careful review of the monthly chronology shows that the column recording the pattern of January 1920 is: several visits to guests, and the action is still known to be checked. In February, the line column changed: the student is now going to Shanghai, not in Beijing. Later, there was also an appendix on the preparation: Checking at more than 1:00 p.m. on February 9, Chen Duxiu was seen going out in a rickshaw and claimed to visit Hu Shi's house behind the satin library, but he did not return on the same day. After several days of investigation, he did not return home, and Wen Shi did go to Shanghai. (See figure (7))
Because the commissioner Shi Guixuan was dazed and unaware of Chen Duxiu's departure from Beijing, he was immediately remembered by the Central 1 District Police Department. Immediately after that, Inspector Wang Weifan of the Criminal Institute and Inspector Xu Quanfu were ordered to secretly investigate Chen Duxiu's whereabouts.
They learned from Yan Deshun, who lived across the door from Chen Duxiu, that after Chen Duxiu returned home after completing his case, he often went out late and did not know what he was doing. Yan Deshun had not seen him in the past two months, only that a maid of his family often went to the small street of Beichizi to buy things. His wife also goes out a lot, sometimes shopping outside the house.
Wang Weifan and Xu Quanfu went to Peking University to inquire about a person surnamed Yu, who said that Chen Duxiu had been at school for several months and had not been here in recent times...
In short, in the February 14 "Report on the Secret Investigation of Chen Duxiu's Whereabouts", the police finally did not find out Where Chen Duxiu was hiding. Also in the file of "Chen Duxiu's Letter to the Police Inspector General of the Beijing Division in Shanghai" on the same day, Chen Duxiu said to himself: ... A few days ago, I received a telegram from a friend here, came to meet with Southwest University, hurriedly set off, did not report to the hall, and felt sorry. Hereby write a special letter to supplement Chen, I hope to be the original Yu. When the matter is done, I will go back to Beijing, and then thank you for the face...
Chen Duxiu really left No. 9 Jianzhan Hutong because the Beiyang government decided to arrest him immediately after he returned to Beijing. Li Dazhao, who learned of this news in advance, and others consulted to first take Chen Duxiu from the station to the home of Professor Wang Xinggong of Peking University, and then try to send him out of Beijing. Unable to get out of Beijing by train or car, Li Dazhao hired a mule car and disguised himself as a businessman who collected the bills and escorted Chen Duxiu out of the highway.
Wang Lanshun said that Li Dazhao was a native of Leting, spoke northern dialect, and he intervened in all negotiations along the way. Chen Duxiu sat in the car and did not speak, because he had a southern accent and exposed his mouth. After successfully arriving in Tianjin, Chen Duxiu returned to Shanghai by foreign ship, which also had the afterword of "Southern Chen and Northern Li meet to build the party."
This edition of the text / this newspaper reporter Yan Jing courtesy of the photo / Wang Lanshun