What kind of person Zhu De, the head of the Ten Marshals, was in the early stages, confused

1, in Yunnan Mengzi, the old area. It is adjacent to French Indochina and needs to be on constant alert to foreign invasions, and to guard against foreign invasions, it is necessary to first remove the bandits they have raised.

It belongs to the subtropical zone, the climate is hot and rainy, the mountains overlap, the jungle is dense, the environment is harsh, and the people's sentiments are complex. Bandits haunt, rob houses, harass villagers, stir up chickens and dogs, and people's hearts are uncertain. The bandits, who are familiar with the terrain and wander between the mountains and rivers and valleys, when they encounter officers and soldiers entering the attack, they disperse and sneak into the mountains and forests, wait for the officers and troops to withdraw, and gather in one place, even if the officers and men are stationed, they are often attacked and harassed by bandits. Faced with such an unfamiliar environment and such cunning bandits, Jude's unit was very passive at the beginning. They could not understand the activities of the bandits, and they were often led by the bandits by the nose, exhausted, and sometimes even ambushed by the bandits.

One day, Zhu De led a battalion of men and horses into the mountains to suppress bandits. He divided his troops into two routes, hoping to concentrate on eliminating the bandits in a closed siege. Unexpectedly, the bandits planted eyes and ears in the vicinity early, clarified Zhu De's movements, and then counterattacked and attacked Zhu De's battalion headquarters. In a hurry, Zhu De led several guards to rush left and right, and finally broke out of the encirclement. When the bandits saw this, they chased after them. Unfamiliar with the terrain, Jude was unable to escape. At this moment, he suddenly noticed that there was a temple looming in the dense forest in front of him, so he hurried over. The abbot in the temple was also deeply affected by the bandits, and he had long hoped that the officers and soldiers would eliminate the bandits. Seeing Zhu De come in, he immediately ordered the young monk to lead Zhu De and them to hide in the secret chamber of the apse. As soon as Jude left on their front feet, the bandits rushed in. They forcibly searched, but found no one, and had to leave the temple and chase after the back mountain.

After experiencing this setback, Jude made a deep reflection. He found that the regular method of warfare taught by the Yunnan Wu Tang did not work at all, and that it was necessary to treat others in the same way as a human being. Bandit suppression is different from position warfare and cannot be marched on a large scale. Mountains, unlike plains or hills, cannot deploy troops. The bandits are maneuverable and agile, have small targets, and are not easily exposed. The local people were intimidated by the bandits' obscenity and did not dare to cooperate with the actions of the officers and men. In this case, new tactics must be used to eliminate the bandits. After dozens of large and small battles, Zhu De, in connection with the military theories taught by the instructors of the Army's Lecture Hall in the past, and the military tactics such as "Wu Zi," "Ghost Valley," "LiuTao," and "Quotations of Zeng Hu Zhibing," conscientiously comprehended the combat experience of Zeng Guofan and Hu Linyi leading troops against the Taiping Army and the Twist Army. "This thief is wise, sometimes galloping wildly, traveling more than a hundred miles a day, and stopping for several days; sometimes it is coiled within a hundred miles, like an ant spinning and grinding, suddenly left and right." The secret of the thief is that if you play a few more circles, the pursuers of the officers and soldiers will be tired of themselves. On the basis of reviewing and analyzing the specific details and antecedents and consequences of each battle against bandits, Zhu De summed up and summarized the "tricks" to deal with bandits. This set of "tricks" is exactly the mobile guerrilla theory taught by the bandits, which includes:: secret, rapid, transfer, fragmentation into zero, fragmentation into wholeness, sound east to west, sudden south and north, avoiding reality and virtuality, roundabout surprise attack, fighting if you win, and leaving if you can't win... A whole set of mobile guerrilla tactics that eventually wiped out the bandits. 2, Zhu De has always attached great importance to the nature of war, he believes that war is a distinction between justice and injustice, unjust war do not look at the joy of the immediate rise, but in the end will definitely fail in the just war. During Tang Jiyao's battle with Xiong Kewu in the Battle of Chuandian, Zhu De was still full of confidence in the early days, because Zhu De's purpose in fighting was to support Sun Yat-sen's Northern Expedition. So Jude was very dedicated. But then Zhu De was disappointed by Tang Jiyao's various perverse practices. Jude recalls,...... Although it is caught in the vortex of warlord melee, it is ultimately fighting for the revolution... As a result, we beat Xiong Kewu, Liu Xiang, Liu Cunhou, Dan Nugang, and so on, and retreated to Boryeong.

　At that time, I knew that I could not return to Yunnan, and I had to make a road. We refused to go back, and everyone opposed Tang Jiyao, knowing that if we went back, we would definitely be disbanded, there would be no food to eat, and part of us would fight and part of us would not fight. We say that the revolution must always develop outside in order to succeed, and we advocate fighting. My mixed brigade is the strongest. They were afraid, and as a result, when their division came down, our brigade came up and destroyed both of their divisions—at that time, Liu Bocheng was still serving as a company commander over there. Such a fight brought back Chengdu and crushed Xiong Kewu and Yang Sen, who both retreated to Baoning (Langzhong). During this period, Zhu De sent a telegram to Tang Jiyao with many suggestions and military plans, and many of his suggestions were approved and supported by some Generals of Dianchuanqian, but Tang Jiyao did not take any of Zhu De's suggestions and plans. Still obstinate, want to dominate Sichuan, be his southwest king, Zhu De soon found the problem, in Sichuan these days, the victory of the battle is a lot, but the people are more and more miserable, the revolution has not gone according to the normal track, Zhu De fell into meditation, just at this time, the Sichuan army to seek peace, Zhu De attacked the artesian well, held an artesian well meeting, he stressed many times at the meeting, every day to fight is not a way, the people are too bitter, do not look at the time when we win the war, the time will always lose the battle, rather than wait for the defeat when the army retreats, After the meeting, Zhu De, together with the other two brigade commanders, sent a telegram to Tang Jiyao, saying that he should take advantage of the opportunity of the Sichuan army's request for peace, allow it to be invited, and quickly transfer back to Yunnan. ...... If it is slow, I am afraid that people will use the pretext of aggression. Tang Jiyao did not listen to Zhu De's words at all, but instead intensified his grip on Sichuan in order to completely control Sichuan in his own hands. Although Zhu De was angry at Tang Jiyao's actions, as a soldier, he must also take obedience to orders as his duty. Jude had developed a war-weary state of mind at this point. Soon, Xiong Kewu put forward the slogan of Sichuan people ruling Sichuan and expelling the guest army, which was supported by the Sichuan people, on the contrary, Zhu De was scolded as a provincial traitor, and it was the Sichuan people who brought the Dian army to fight Sichuan. For example, when the Dian army is well deployed, when marching, as long as it is discovered by the local people, they will report to the Sichuan army at the first time where the Dian army is, and the Sichuan army immediately carries out combat deployment, which can often give the Dian army an unexpected blow. He later recalled that war was divided into justice and injustice, and that without the support of the people, they were bound to become blind and deaf, so that blind command led to defeat. Among them, Zhu De's most miserable battle was that in order to compete for the city of Sichuan Province, the Yunnan and Sichuan armies fought a bloody battle for nine days and nine nights in Longquanyi, the eastern suburbs of Chengdu, and the isolated Dian army was defeated. The Third Mixed Brigade led by Zhu De was killed and wounded more than half, and only one regiment of troops remained, and it was also beaten to pieces. On a moonless and starless night, the Sichuan army broke through the Yunnan army's defense line and entered Chengdu. When the Dian army retreated, it fell into chaos, and Zhu De lost contact with the troops, rushed out of the siege alone, and fled in the direction of Zhaojue Temple. ...... Zhu De escaped into the Zhaojue Temple to escape the sichuan army's pursuit, and when he was hiding at the Zhaojue Temple, the head of the temple once asked Zhu De, "These days, I have been thinking about one thing, I can't figure it out, I don't know if I can ask? ”

"Ask, ask. If you ask, just ask! ”

"The general is superior in wisdom, brave and brave, and can fight a good battle, and the Beiyang Army can be defeated, so why did he lose to the Sichuan Army and fall to such a point?" "Cough!" Zhu De sighed, "Put it up, the words will be long." The most fundamental one is determined by the nature of war. Defending the country and seeking Yuan won the support of the people and officers and men; this war was fought for Tang Jiyao's personal tuchuan, which was opposed by the Sichuan people, and was also opposed by the officers and men of the Dian Army, who were tired of war, the plague was spreading, and there was no reinforcement or supplement, how could they not be defeated! From the defeat, I saw clearly the results of the warlord melee, so I made up my mind that I would no longer fight for them, and I had met up with friends, planning to go abroad to learn the new truth of saving the country and saving the people. ”

"The Dian army is also formed, and the defeat is also the Dian army." Chen Chen said with deep understanding, "Listening to the general's lofty remarks, the poor monks were solemnly respected, and Mao Sai suddenly opened up." The general is the pillar of the country, and he will certainly be able to do some earth-shattering cause for the nation! "3. In March 1922, the political situation in Yunnan was once again turbulent. Gu Pinzhen transferred the Dian army to Yiliang to concentrate, preparing to set out against the Beiyang warlords, and there was an emptiness in the border area of Yunnan. Tang Jiyao felt that the time had come, secretly sneaked back to Yunnan, gathered the old troops and bribed the bandits to attack Kunming from Mongolia. Gu Pinzhen led his troops to rush to battle, and due to a mistake in judgment, they were defeated and killed. As soon as Tang Jiyao returned to Kunming, he ordered a search for the dian generals who were loyal to Sun Yat-sen and supported the Northern Expedition.

Zhu De, a famous general of the Dian Army

On March 27, Tang Jiyao issued an arrest warrant against Zhu De. Zhu De consulted with Jin Handing and others and decided to leave Yunnan and retreat to Burma first, and then consider the long term. That night, Zhu De, Jin Handing, Liu Yunfeng, Tang Huaiyuan, and others led a group of people and horses, planning to leave for Burma via Chuxiong and Dali. By the time of tranquility, Ropekin arrived with a guard of more than forty men. At this time, the news came that Hua Fengge, the commander of the Dian Army stationed in Chuxiong, had fallen to Tang Jiyao.

Hearing this news, Luo Peijin confidently advised everyone: "Hua Fengge is my student and my old subordinate. Look at my face, will let everyone pass. ”

Zhu De knew that Hua Fengge was a man who saw money and was sure that he would betray everyone to Tang Jiyao in exchange for the high-ranking official Houlu. Therefore, Zhu De said: "Myanmar can't go anymore, it can only go north." He suggested immediately turning around and going north, crossing the Jinsha River, crossing Xikang, and then going down the river to Sichuan, going to Shanghai to Guangzhou, and joining Dr. Sun Yat-sen.

The two men had their own reasons, and neither could convince the other. In the end, we had to part ways.

When Luo Peijin arrived in Chuxiong, Hua Fengge learned of the route of Zhu De and Jin Handing and others to the north, and in order to ask Tang Jiyao for merit and reward, he immediately sent a battalion of cavalry to pursue him, and posted a list of heavy gold rewards for the arrest of Zhu De, Jin Handing, and others.

An escape and a hunt was taking place in the lofty mountains of northern Yunnan.

The pursuers were non-stop, rushing through the starry night, bent on catching Zhu De and others to receive the reward, but they forgot that they were pursuing a well-known senior general of the Dian Army with rich experience in jungle combat. After chasing for several days, they didn't even see a shadow, although they were very discouraged, but they still had to chase it.

After Zhu De and Jin Handing and their party entered the Yimin District from Dayao, they were even more unfamiliar with life and had many difficulties. One day, they rushed to Taohua Mountain in Yanfeng, but they were suddenly attacked by bandits. Under the command of Zhu De, although the enemy was repelled, the losses of men and horses were also very large, leaving only Zhu De, Jin Handing, Liu Yunfeng and other more than ten officers and dozens of soldiers. Zhu De and his party followed the mountain horse road, and after much painstaking effort, they finally came to the ferry port by the Jinsha River. The river was gushing, the fog was hazy, and there were no people or ferries.

Jude stood by the river and shouted, "Is there a boat?" Cross the river! "Boat owner, cross the river!"

No response for half a day. Not far behind, the war horses roared, and the pursuing soldiers were in a hurry. Everyone was desperate.

At this moment, a small boat rode the wind and waves, down the river, and soon leaned on the shore. Zhu De hurried forward and greeted the owner of the boat, hoping to cross the river as soon as possible. The boat owner was very excited when he heard that they were the Dian army that was defending the country and begging Yuan, and it was Zhu De who fought the naxi cotton slope in blood to talk to him. He patted his chest and said to Jude, "Rest assured, as long as I am here, I will definitely cross you over." ”

Zhu De, Jin Handing, Tang Huaiyuan, and others, with a few personal guards, pulled their warhorses, boarded small boats, and sailed straight to the other side. The boats jolted in the raging waters, and Jude and the others were drenched. Fortunately, there was no danger, and everyone arrived on the other side safely. Jude left a generous shipping fare and thanked the ship owner for saving his life. However, the boss resolutely refused to accept it, and wished them an early end to the war and help the people live and work in peace and contentment.

Zhu De was full of emotion, said goodbye to the boat owner, and continued to hurry. Soon after, they received news that Ropekin had been killed. It turned out that Luo Peijin was disarmed by Hua Fengge as soon as he arrived in Chuxiong, and Luo Peijin had a hard time fleeing to Huaping, but he was poisoned by bandits under the command of Tang Jiyao in Shuangjinpo.

Just as Zhu De and the others were pounding their chests and feeling heartbroken, a group of people and horses suddenly came, raised the muzzle of their guns, and surrounded them.

The small leader shouted in thick Sichuan dialect: "Put down the guys for Lao Tzu, raise your hands!" Whoever resists, knock out his brain shell first! The rest of the crowd shouted, "Drop the guys! ”

For the battle-hardened Judd, this kind of scene is not enough to make him afraid. He immediately stepped forward and said in a loud voice, "If you don't report the door, you have to collect your guns, don't you conform to the rules of the jianghu?" Brothers are all wandering the rivers and lakes, I will first put my words in the clear, and it is not too late to decide how to deal with you! After speaking, he pointed behind him, "This is General Jin Handing, the acting commander-in-chief of the Dian Army, that is General Tang Huaiyuan, and our enemy is Zhu De..."

Just after saying this, the little leader said "Oops", then turned over and dismounted, bowed his hand, and said, "It turns out to be the generals!" Offended. My eldest brother has mentioned you many times and hates not meeting each other. When the generals come here today, we must appreciate the face and play in our village. Zhu De said, "Who is your eldest brother's last name?" ”

"Lei Yunfei."

Lei Yunfei (雷云飛), a native of Yanbian County, Panzhihua City, Sichuan Province , was born into poverty , attended private school , and was loyal and upright. Before the Xinhai Revolution, he joined the Brotherhood of elders and engaged in activities against the Qing Dynasty. When the Xinhai Revolution broke out, he pulled up a han and Yi peasant armed force in the Sichuan-Yunnan area, and at most there were thousands of people and horses, and on the banks of the Jinsha River at the junction of Sichuan, Kang, and Yunnan provinces, Zhanshan was king, and its sphere of influence was five or six hundred miles, like a small independent kingdom. He robbed the rich and helped the poor, and he specifically opposed the government, and whether it was the old warlords in Yunnan and Sichuan or the new warlords, they all had no way to do anything about it.

Zhu De had heard that Lei Yunfei was a good man with thin clouds, and when he bowed his hand, he said, "Listen to your honor." ”

Subsequently, under the leadership of the small leader, the crowd sped away towards the village in the dense forest of the mountains.

Coming to the gate of the village, the small leader asked Zhu De and the others to wait for the time being, and flew to report the news to the inside. After a while, a short and tough man led a crowd of people to the door quickly. The leader bowed his hand to Zhu De and the others and said loudly, "Lei Yunfei has come to greet the generals." Then, Lei Yunfei tested Zhu De with the jargon of Brother Robe. Before the Xinhai Revolution, Zhu De also secretly participated in the Brotherhood of Elders, so he answered Lei Yunfei's black words like a stream and coped with it easily. Between the questions and answers, the clouds opened and the fog dispersed, and the sky was clear.

On the side, Jin Handing, Tang Huaiyuan, and Lei Yunfei's big and small leaders were all stunned and amazed.

Finally, Lei Yunfei knelt on his knees and said to Zhu De, "I have never known each other for a long time, we were originally a family." See you today, count me Lei Yunfei three lifetimes lucky! ”

Zhu De hurriedly pulled up Lei Yunfei and said, "The family will not speak two words, and they will quickly get rid of the courtesy!" ”

Lei Yunfei took Zhu De and his party into the cottage and held a celebration according to the rules of the "brother robe" and local customs. Lei Yunfei pleaded with Zhu De to stay and give him advice in order to develop together. Zhu De repeatedly explained their ambitions and politely refused Lei Yunfei's kindness.

Zhu De and his party rested on the cottage for two days, and when they were about to leave, they left 60 guards and more than 60 long and short guns to Lei Yunfei, and instructed him to use every soldier and pawn, every shot and one bullet on the right path.

After that, dressed as a businessman, they arrived at their home in Nanxi, Sichuan province, in mid-May. In Nanxi, he only stayed for a few days, and then set off for Chongqing, preparing to go out of Sichuan to Beijing to find Sun Bingwen and go abroad with him.

This escape was a fundamental turning point in Jude's life journey. Zhu De lost everything, but thankfully, in his words, "through Tang Jiyao's poisonous hands, the relationship with the feudal forces was completely cut off." He came out of the darkness and ushered in the light.

4. One evening in 1929, when the troops came to Zhenxia in the "Three Souths" area, Zhu De observed the surrounding environment and found that Zhenxia, surrounded by mountains on all sides, was a large village, so he ordered the troops to camp.

The military headquarters lived in the Wenchang Ancestral Hall in the middle of tian'an, the thirty-first regiment as a vanguard lived in Jitan, east of Zhenxia, and the twenty-eighth regiment as a rearguard lived in the west of Zhenxia. After Zhu De arranged the troops, he studied with Mao Zedong, Chen Yi, and others until late at night.

The Independent Seventh Division of the Gan Army found the Red Fourth Army stationed under Zhenxia, but the soldiers were tired and tired due to the non-stop tracking and pursuit for several days. So they decided to settle down in a few small villages less than five miles from Zhenxia and prepare to fight again the next day. At dawn the next day, it was gray. At this time, the Twenty-eighth Regiment, which was acting as a rear guard, got up early for breakfast and left Zhenxia without saying hello to the military headquarters. Twenty minutes later, the enemy took advantage of the evacuation of the Twenty-eighth Regiment, surrounded the Wenchang Ancestral Hall, and heard someone shouting in a sharp voice: "Catch Zhu Mao and have a heavy reward!" Chen Yi and Mao Zeqin, who were eating breakfast, heard the gunshots, dropped their rice bowls and rushed outside, Mao Zeqin walked in front, shot in the thigh, and the guards came forward to pick him up and run. Chen Yi ran behind him in his coat, and suddenly felt someone grab his collar, thinking that it was his own person, and turned back and said, "Comrade brother, you want to wear a coat and say something!" ”

Before he could finish speaking, he was surprised to see that it was the enemy who was chasing after him who was pulling the coat. Chen Yi was in a hurry, and suddenly took off his coat and threw it at the enemy who was clutching the coat tightly, impartially, just covering the enemy's head, and then took the opportunity to run away. At this time, Mao Zedong had not yet gotten up, and He Zizhen was busy sorting out documents. Hearing the sound of gunfire and the panicked footsteps in front of the house, He Zizhen knew that something was wrong, so he immediately woke up Mao Zedong, who was sleeping, picked up the document, picked up a bucket hat in his hand, put it on Mao Zedong's head, and pulled Mao Zedong to the back door.

When Jude heard the gunshots, he called out, "The Twenty-Eighth Regiment is the defender." Lin Biao! What about Lin Biao? Find Lin Biao! ”

"Commander Lin has already led the team out!" A word came from the darkness.

"Turtle Son!" Jude was annoyed, "Find the guards..."

Just then, the enemy rushed into the house, and a tall soldier with a gun said to Zhu De, "What about you Zhu Commander?" Who is Jude? ”

Wu Ruolan had a clever move, pointed at Zhu De and said, "He is a brother-in-law, and the Zhu De you are looking for lives in the front house." ”

The enemy looked up and down at Zhu De, saw that his black square face was full of beard, wearing a worn-out military uniform, and indeed did not look like an official, so he walked in the direction that Wu Ruolan was pointing.

When Wu Ruolan saw the enemy walking away, he urged Zhu De to say, "You go quickly, I will cover you!" Wu Ruolan said and pushed Zhu De out the door. Zhu De looked at his wife affectionately and mixed into the enemy group and left the village. When Zhu De saw that his people were retreating to the south, he made a clever move and shouted loudly: "Zhu De is running north, chase Zhu De, don't let him run!" ”

Zhu De's shouts were also hinting at his own people, and he quickly broke through to the south. Sure enough, many enemies were caught in the middle of the plan, and they turned around and chased north. At this time, Wu Ruolan and the guard squad who rushed to fight and retreated, did not go far, and were shot in the leg. She limped and did not take a few steps before she was captured by the enemy. ...... After Joining the Red Army, Wu Ruolan conscientiously studied military technology and often asked Zhu De to teach her to shoot, drop bombs, and assassinate her. After a period of hard study, she can shoot with both hands and shoot a hundred shots. She led the soldiers to participate in the struggle to defend the Jinggangshan base area, and on the way to Gannan, the Red Fourth Army marched with the soldiers to fight, inspiring the generals of the whole army.

After Wu Ruolan was captured, the enemy tried every means to use all kinds of torture, such as pepper water, tiger stools, and red soldering irons, forcing her to break away from the conjugal relationship with Zhu De and surrender herself. The mighty and indomitable Wu Ruolan angrily rebuked the enemy: "I want to break away from Zhu De, unless the water of the Ganjiang River flows backwards!" Zheng Zheng said a few words, and the mountains and rivers were strong, and the enemy was stunned.

On February 8, a generation of female heroes who were only twenty-six years old were brutally killed in Ganzhou. Even more heinous, the enemy also escorted her head to Changsha, Hunan Province, for public display. Knowing that his wife had been sacrificed, the grief-stricken Zhu De looked at the orchids blooming under the dissolved moonlight and couldn't help but shout: "Ruolan, my good wife..."