Zen viewing objects - Qing "Four Monks" Hongren Shanshui Appreciation

Hongren (1610-1664), surname Jiang, name Tao, character Liuqi, also known as Fang, character Ou Meng. This period of Hongren's life is the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the 38th year of the Ming Dynasty to the second year of the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, the historical data for Hongren before the ordination of the family is relatively small, from Hongren's family genealogy, it can be known that his grandfather moved to Hangzhou at home when Hongren was young, and later the male elders of the family died one after another, he and his mother depended on each other, but life became more and more difficult.

Hirohito was particularly diligent in his youth, and the Biography of the Monk of Gradually River records that Hirohito's young family could not afford to pay for him to buy paper, so he acquired knowledge by reading books and writing in his hands. Although he worked hard, he was admitted to the Ming Dynasty's extremely poorly treated students, that is, students who were admitted to schools at the prefectural, state, and county levels through examinations, and in the chaos of the war, Hongren could not rely on this to make a living, so he could only sell firewood and calligraphy to subsidize his family.

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He threw himself into the anti-Qing movement at the end of the Ming Dynasty, but ended in failure, and in the face of the Qing army's pursuit and encirclement, Hongren had to go into hiding in Wuyi Mountain. And in the third year of Shunzhi, he escaped into the Buddhist Gate and worshiped under the Ancient Navigation Zen Master, who gave him the Dharma title: Hongren.

Hongren originally obeyed Confucianism, with a loyal and patriotic temperament in his bones, and his early works carried a sense of cold silence of the remnants of the late Ming Dynasty. After he escaped into the void and studied Buddhism, Confucian thought began to fade, and he did not marry a wife in his lifetime, and after the death of his mother, his family relationship in the world was also cut off. His paintings began to take on a sense of ethereal silence. "Empty mountains are empty, the water is flowing and blossoming", Hirohito is attached to the mountains and rivers, transcending the narrow perspective of the individual, and living in the mountains and rivers with a kind of monk's peace.

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He pioneered the Xin'an School of Painting, which depicts mountains, stones and trees with simple flat and geometric lines. The composition is concise, the brushwork is vigorous and powerful, and the meaning of landscape is written with ethereal, silent and otherworldly paintings. Not constrained by the Yunlin painting method, it is deeply inspired by the magic of conveying the gods and sketching.

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Selected huangshan atlases

The Huangshan Atlas is a series of works by Hongren, now in the Palace Museum in Beijing, with a total of 60 albums. Based on the real scene of Huangshan Mountain, the whole series has three forms of paintings: color, light and ink. Each painting has a circular vermilion print with the word "Hongren" and a drop in the landscape name. The overall picture is strong and simple, and it also carries the Zen mood of "emptiness" and "silence" in the Hongren landscape. It was Hirohito who formed a unique painting language and chapter method by observing objects in Zen.

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