Leeks are perennial evergreen herbs that are widely cultivated throughout the country and not only have rich nutritional value, but also have high medicinal value. However, in the growth process of leeks, they will suffer from various diseases and insect pests, and the diseases include gray mold, disease, rust, etc., and the main insect pests are leek maggots and onion aphids.
Leeks on our table is also a vegetable that often appears, the taste is delicious and has a unique fragrance, its growth ability is very strong, after harvesting in the mature period, it can continue to grow, generally can harvest 2-4 stubbles every year, leeks are also rich in a variety of vitamins beneficial to the human body, medicinal value is also very large, in the process of planting leeks, there will also be common diseases and insect pests, bringing trouble to many people who grow leeks, then the next small farmer will introduce the diseases and insect pests and control methods that often appear in the process of planting leeks!
1, leek gray mold disease: mainly can harm the leaves of leeks, the disease from the tip of the leaf to develop downwards, the spots from water stains to white and gray brown, enlarged after the irregular prism or oval, the surface of the leek leaf in the later period will breed gray and green mold, serious bacteria will spread to the entire plant, rot makes the entire plant dry to death.
Prevention and control methods: strengthen the management of the field, rational dense planting and multi-antibacterial fertilizer, when the disease occurs, you can choose 50% leaf dry net powder 1000 times, or use 70% carbendazim, or use 70% methyl tolbuzin wettable powder for spraying, a total of 2 to 3 sprays can be.
2, leek disease: this disease belongs to the fungal disease, can infringe on the entire leek plant, the plant tender tip will appear light green water stain rot, after the loss of moisture in the infected part, there will be obvious wrinkles, causing the plant leaves to droop to rot, when the humidity is too large, the infected part will breed some white mold, when the root of the leek is damaged, there will be water stain-like brown rot, which will hinder the nutrient circulation of the plant, resulting in plant dryness or death.
Leeks can be infested in all parts, with false stems and bulbs being the most affected.
(1) Leaves: Dark green water stains at the beginning of the disease, when the disease spots expand to half of the leaves, the whole leaves become yellow, sagging, soft rot; when the humidity is large, the disease part produces sparse gray-white mold.
(2) False stem: false stem disease, light brown soft rot, leaf sheath easy to peel off; peel off the external rotten leaf sheath after moisturizing, false stem can grow gray white sparse mold layer.
(3) Bulbs: bulb disease, the root plate is water-soaked light brown to dark brown rot; the internal tissue of the longitudinal bulb is light brown, and the growth is inhibited, affecting the storage of nutrients in the plant.
(4) Roots: The root damage is brown, rotten, the root hair is reduced, affecting water absorption, the life of the root is shortened, rarely new roots are issued, and the growth potential is significantly weakened.
Prevention and control methods: the pathogen can overwinter in the soil with the disease residue, when the temperature is suitable, it will breed sporangia to spread through wind and rain weather or watering, and when the disease occurs, it can use 25% methyl frost hydrability powder 1000 times liquid, or use leaf mold star killing wettable powder 1200 to 1600 times liquid, or spray 64% alum wettable powder 600 times liquid, spray once a week, spray a total of 2-3 times.
3, leek root maggots: is the leek late eye Qin mosquito larvae, most of the larvae like to cluster in the ground to eat the rhizome of leeks, resulting in rhizome rot, so that the leek has no roots can not absorb nutrients, leek plants will wither yellow to death phenomenon, insect pests are not serious when there will be a lack of plant ridges, heavy large areas of destruction.
Control methods: winter watering or spring watering of the field, can kill a part of the root maggot larvae, the occurrence of such diseases can use 50% octylthion emulsion 2000-3000 times liquid, or use 20% cramid emulsion 2000 times liquid, or with 2.5% enemy killing emulsion oil 5000 times liquid for root irrigation, when the larvae grow into late-eyed qin mosquitoes, you can use 2.5% cypermethrin 3000 times liquid, or use 20% cypermethrin 3000 times liquid for spray control.
4, leek jumping blind bugs: this kind of insect pest to suck the juice of leeks for food, and the damaged plant wounds, there will be light white-brown spots, the later will make the whole plant leaves yellow and wilted to death.
Control methods: timely cultivation of weeds in the field, the detection of such insect pests, you can use 50% octanoic emulsion 3000-4000 times liquid, or use 80% dichlorvos emulsion 1500-2000 times liquid, or use 2.5% cypermethrin 3000 times liquid for spraying, spray once a week, a total of 2-3 sprays can be.
Leeks have strong adaptability, more heat-resistant and cold-resistant, in all regions of our country are planted, the southern region has perennial planting of leeks, found that leek diseases and insect pests should be prevented and controlled in time, so as not to affect the yield and quality of leeks, and cause serious losses, the above is the leek in the planting process, common pests and control methods, I hope to help everyone.
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