In 690, Wu Zetian established himself as emperor, made Luoyang the capital, changed its name to Shendu, and established the Wuzhou Dynasty.
In a society where men are supreme, Wu Zetian broke through ten thousand obstacles, achieved imperial cause with his wisdom and strength, and became the only female emperor of China's feudal dynasty, which is really touching!
Analyzing the reasons for Wu Zetian's ascension to the throne, on the whole, it is the inevitability of history and his personal contingency plus the reality of the society at that time. The emergence of any great figure is a historical necessity, and we can fully put forward such a hypothesis, if it were not for Wu Zetian's title of emperor, then Zhang Zetian and Wang Zetian would ascend to the throne as emperor. If Wu Zetian did not ascend the throne as emperor during the Tang Dynasty, then which dynasty is most likely to produce an empress?
First of all, let's analyze the basic situation of the Tang Dynasty when Wu Zetian was called emperor.
Political aspects
Various systems were perfected, such as the continuation of the three-province and six-minister system by the central imperial court, and the establishment of special government affairs halls to facilitate collegial deliberation and administration, and to collect the effect of the three provinces in mutual restraint; the local government followed the Sui Dynasty's two-level system of counties and counties, divided into ten prison districts (provinces). In addition, the military system of the government, the army in the peasants, the equalization of the field system, the rent system, the examination system, etc. have all developed. Know people well, employ people on the basis of merit, do not ask about origin, and reuse people at the bottom of society. Inquiring about the sufferings of the people and the gains and losses of governance, the politics were clear for a while.
Economic aspects
From the middle and late tang dynasty onwards, the whole country was relatively stable, the national treasury was sufficient, and the social and economic development was stable and good. The implementation of the equalization of the field system and the rent system, pay attention to the light of the thin endowment, agriculture and people's livelihood can continue to develop.
Cultural and educational aspects
The establishment of gymnasiums, daxing local prefecture and county schools, the expansion of the Kyoshi Guozijian, the appointment of famous Confucians as academic officials, the number of students up to 10,000 people, and the acceptance of Silla, Tubo, Japan, and other monarchs and elders have sent their children to study in China, so that they can correctly deal with foreign cultures, and the exchange of ideas has reached its peak.
The politics are relatively clear, the economic foundation is relatively good, the social and cultural development is good, the country is unified, the centralized system has developed to a certain stage, there are no obvious big gangs and factions in the DPRK, especially the overall quality of officials is relatively high, and so on. In addition, you need to have a relatively cowardly emperor husband, if you meet a hard-line faction like Tang Taizong, a little sign will make you KO every minute.
Second, select dynasties from the dynasties that meet the above conditions.
Needless to say, the Qin Dynasty perished in two lifetimes, and this was no drama at all.
During the Western Han Dynasty, there was an Empress Dou who was very hopeful to take the throne of the empress, but the Han Dynasty had a serious tendency to monopolize power from foreign relatives, and with the excessive concentration of power on the three dukes, women may gain a lot of power, but it is unlikely that they will jump out and directly ascend the throne.
The unification problem of the Eastern Han Dynasty was very serious, in a society where the country was not unified enough, the countries were often annexed to each other, and there was no opportunity to stay and let a woman seriously manage her own world of power. This problem also arose during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, and so on.
After the Southern and Northern Dynasties ushered in a unified Sui Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty was a great period, the establishment of an important political system, the centralized system was significantly enhanced, the three provinces and six ministries system greatly enhanced the power of the emperor, the Sui Dynasty was also a relatively open period, so at this time if there is an emperor husband sick, the empress wife counterattack is still possible, but the Sui Dynasty did not exist for a long time, soon by the Tang to destroy, leaving no opportunity for development.
The Northern Song Dynasty may also be larger than the Southern Song Dynasty, why? At that time, the Southern Song Dynasty had already been done by the northern peoples and could not stand it, and as I had just analyzed, it was difficult for women to ascend to the throne when the country was facing serious external problems. The economy of the Northern Song Dynasty was also developed, especially the economic center began to be difficult to move, and the politics was heavy on literature and light on martial arts, which had an advantage, women could rely on their own wisdom and means to play, otherwise the opportunity to directly rely on force was not too great (because women were deep in the harem, it was not easy to contact the generals outside). In addition, the cultural development of the Northern Song Dynasty was also good, everyone's thinking was relatively open, and there were many depictions of Northern Song people having fun in the history books. Therefore, in summary, there is still hope for a female emperor during the Northern Song Dynasty.
The territory of the Yuan Dynasty was large, because people only knew how to "shoot big eagles with bows", and the men of the northern ethnic groups were all arrogant, and they led soldiers to train outside every day, even if there was a sick emperor, this condition was also extremely difficult. Since men are in power on their own, women have little access to power.
The absolute monarchy of the Ming and Qing dynasties was further strengthened, and Zhu Yuanzhang's hard-won world naturally wanted to pass on to the world. But compared with the two, the possibility of the Ming Dynasty producing an empress is much higher than that of the Qing Dynasty. In the late Ming Dynasty, there were not many strange stories of emperors and women, but those women were not smart enough and did not understand politics, so naturally there was no chance.
Finally, we should see that women's ascension to the throne as emperors is a process of continuous game between male and female rights, which is not only a power struggle in the political arena, but also relies on wisdom and skill, and also relies on grasping men's hearts.
Operation personnel: Zhixin Xingwen 001