How do you prove that "your dad is your dad"? Don't you think this question is incredible? My dad is my dad, does this still need to be proven? However, there was an emperor in the Ming Dynasty, but it took three and a half years to finally prove that "his father was his father". This is the famous "great etiquette dispute" in the history of the Ming Dynasty.
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< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > cause</h1>
In the sixteenth year of Zhengde, the Zhengde Emperor Zhu Houzhao suddenly died violently, leaving no heirs, and there was no queen, however, the country could not be left without a master for a day, and in accordance with Zhengde's will, he was succeeded by Zhu Houxi, the son of the king, and the two were cousins of the same grandfather.
"Daming Dynasty 1566" Jiajing Emperor
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > passed</h1>
In accordance with the principle of "brother to brother and brother" mentioned in the "Ancestral Training of the Emperor Ming", on March 15, Xu Guangzuo, the Duke of Dingguo, Zhang Heling, the Marquis of Shouning, Cui Yuan, the duke of Tuoma, Liang Chu, the university scholar Liang Chu, the Rebbe Shangshu Mao Cheng, and the eunuch Gu Dayong were sent to Anlu to greet Zhu Houxi and take the throne as emperor. On March 26, Xu Guangzuo and others arrived in Anlu (Gu Dayong arrived first, and Zhu Houxi did not allow him to be private).
On the first day of April in the sixteenth year of Zhengde, he bid farewell to his father's mausoleum and bid farewell to his mother and concubine the next day. On April 22, Zhu Houxi arrived in Beijing and stopped at the outskirts.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > first meeting</h1>
According to Yang Tinghe's instructions, The Rebbe Shangshu Mao Cheng adopted the ceremony of the crown prince's ascension to the throne. Zhu Houxi was asked to ascend the throne on a chosen date according to the plan of the Ministry of Rites (entering from donghua gate and juwenhua hall).
Zhu Houxi was keenly aware that this was related to his orthodox throne, and said to the right-hand man Shi Yuan Zonggao: "The will is to take the throne of my heir, not the emperor", insisting on not entering from the Donghua Gate, otherwise he will not be the emperor. In the end, the group of courtiers had no choice but to change their plans, enter from the Daming Gate, and then take the throne at the Fengtian Temple, and the edict read: "Enter the Fengzong Ancestral Shrine by the will of the Emperor's brother." Take the second year as the first year of Jiajing.
The first confrontation ended with Zhu Houxi's complete victory, which was "succession" rather than "succession".
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > second clash </h1>
Soon after, the Jiajing Emperor ordered his subjects to agree on Emperor Mingwuzong's title and the level and manner of worship of his biological parents, with the aim of improving the status of his biological parents.
The ministers of the COURT, headed by Yang Tinghe, the head of the cabinet, cited precedents such as Liu Kang (the biological father of Emperor Wu of Han) and Zhao Yunrang (the biological father of Emperor Yingzong of Song) the Prince of Pu'anyi of the Song Dynasty, believing that the Jiajing Emperor was succeeded by Emperor Xiaozong and should respect orthodoxy, and should take Emperor Xiaozong as the emperor, and king Xingxian was renamed "Emperor Uncle Kao Xingxian", and his mother Concubine Jiang was called "Emperor Uncle Xingguo Concubine", and during the sacrifice, he called himself "Emperor Nephew Emperor" to his biological parents. In addition, Zhu Houxuan, the second son of King Yi, the King of Chongren, was the heir of King Xingxian, and the lord was enshrined in the worship of King Xing. On the seventh day of the first month of May, more than 60 of the Libu Shangshu Mao Cheng and Wenwu Qunchen submitted this proposal to the emperor, claiming that "those who dissent among the courtiers are adulterous and evil, and should be beheaded."
This passage simply means that the Jiajing Emperor inherited the position of the big house as the second room, then he had to call his uncle and aunt his father and mother, and his father and mother uncle and aunt.
Even we can't accept such nonsense, let alone the Jiajing Emperor? This emperor was a famous and intelligent man in history.
The two sides froze. At this time, Jiajing's throne was not so stable, and he did not have his own cronies, what could a fourteen-year-old teenager do?
At first, he tried to favor Yang Tinghe, and gave Mao Cheng a lot of gold to make them think, the ministers of the Ming Dynasty were all famous "bar spirits", and the result can be imagined, the Jiajing Emperor issued several edicts to let the ministers give his biological parents a title, and the result was that the ministers did not bird him. An emperor, being confronted by the chancellor like this, Jiajing had a stomach full of fire in his heart.
On the third day of the first month of July in the sixteenth year of Zhengde, the new scholar Zhang Xuanshangshu supported the Jiajing Emperor, believing that he was succeeding to the throne, not inheriting the imperial heir, that is, "inheriting the unification without succession", and the Jiajing Emperor was very happy, and finally someone supported him. However, Zhang Xuan was alone, and the Jiajing Emperor could only compromise first. In the etiquette of the greeting, the Jiajing Emperor insisted on welcoming his own mother Concubine Jiang into the capital with the etiquette of the empress dowager, but was opposed by Yang Tinghe, and the Jiajing Emperor estimated that his heart was exhausted, and he wept bitterly, expressing his willingness to resign the throne and return to Anlu with his mother. In October of that year, the Jiajing Emperor welcomed his mother into the palace with the courtesy of the empress dowager.
The second confrontation ended in the victory of the Jiajing Emperor and turned his mother into the empress dowager.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > third clash </h1>
After two or three years, Zhang Xuan, who had been demoted to Nanjing as the head of the Punishment Department, and his colleague Gui Cao and other colleagues revisited the old matter. These are new officials who certainly don't want to be squeezed out of the center of power. The Jiajing Emperor issued a decree that the two of them enter the capital, and when the "Ji Si Faction" planned to assassinate Zhang Xuan and Gui Cao, the Jiajing Emperor appointed the two as Hanlin scholars, who were specifically responsible for ceremonial matters, and their attitude was already very clear.
In the first month of the third year of Jiajing, he summoned a group of courtiers to discuss, and Yang Tinghe and the emperor were about to change their minds again, and Shangshu requested Zhi Shi, that is, he resigned and did not do it. At this time, the Jiajing Emperor's throne was secure, and he was already tired of Yang Tinghe's flying and stumbling, so he pushed the boat along the water and agreed.
At this time, Wang Jun, who felt that the dragons were leaderless, was about to make trouble again. He and the official Shangshu Qiao Yu and nearly two hundred and fifty other people spoke together to oppose the Jiajing Emperor's use of King Xingxian (Jiajing's biological father) as the emperor. The Jiajing Emperor was of course not pleased and ordered more officials to participate in the discussion. Unexpectedly, thirty-two people such as Zhang Chong, thirty-one people such as Yushi Zheng Bengong, and Zou Shouyi also opposed it. Tang Gao was also inclined to oppose. Zou Shouyi was Wang Yangming's eldest disciple, Tang Gao was a former imperial ruler, and both belonged to the more influential courtiers in the dynasty, and the Jiajing Emperor became angry and ashamed, and he degraded these people, punished them, and scolded them all. In the end, Wang Jun and others had to compromise:
"Emperor Xingxian and Empress Xingguo each added the word 'emperor' for honor."
The third confrontation ended the dispute with the victory of the Jiajing Emperor and turned his father into an emperor who had not been emperor for a day.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > conclusion</h1>
A teenage emperor, with his own strength, against the Manchu Dynasty's minister of culture and military affairs, with his scheming and cleverness, gradually defeated the old subjects of the Zhengde Emperor, consolidated his throne, and proved that "my father is my father".
< h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the contest of forces behind it</h1>
The Controversy of the Ming Dynasty: On the surface, the Great Ceremonial Debate is a political struggle, or a dispute over etiquette, but in fact it is a legal interpretation process of Emperor Wuzong's testament. Sejong and Zhang Xuan's victory over the Great Ceremony was a victory for the laws of the Ming Dynasty, and thus defended the dignity of the Laws of the Ming Dynasty and maintained the political order of the Ming Dynasty.
The struggle between the old and new forces: In the early years of Jiajing, the old forces headed by Yang Tinghe were all the remnants of the previous two dynasties, and the confrontation between the new forces represented by Zhang Xuan and Gui Cao, the Jiajing Emperor did not clean up the old forces, and the imperial throne was unstable.
Ideological Controversy: The Controversy Between Cheng Zhu Lixue and Lu Wangxinxue. During the Jiajing period, "mind learning" sprung up. Yang Tinghe represents the orthodoxy of "Rigaku", and the "Tianli" of "Rigaku" seems to be powerful, but in fact it is rigid and rigid. However, the new ministers of the Heart School have already accepted the science of mind, opposed the rigidity of science, and the two ideas clashed, and "heart science" defeated "science of science" for the first time, marking the breaking of the situation in which Cheng Zhu Lixue dominated the world.