In January 1935, the Politburo of the Central Committee held a meeting in Guizhou with a major historical turning point, the Zunyi Conference, in which one of the parties supporting Li De, Bogu, and others was the most vocal, directly contradicting Chairman Mao in person at the meeting, and even said that the chairman was watching the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and "Sun Tzu's Art of War" to fight!
What's going on? Who was this person who contradicted the chairman at that time, and with the passage of time, what was his fate after the Zunyi meeting? Next, let's open the history together and see what happened at the Zunyi conference!
After the Zunyi meeting, Kaifeng was dismissed
In September 1933, the Central Workers' and Peasants' Red Army launched the Fifth War of Encirclement and Suppression. At that time, Li De, Bogu, Wang Ming, and others still had absolute guiding power in the army, and when faced with the one-million-strong army of the Kuomintang reactionaries, Li De, Bogu, and others directly chose to confront the chairman in spite of the chairman's obstruction, resulting in our army being reduced from 86,000 to 30,000 in an instant, which caused our army to fall into a passive situation for a while and suffered heavy losses. At that time, on the Xiang River, scarlet waves were visible to the naked eye, and the red that filled the eyes was stained with the blood of thousands of Red Army soldiers, which made people feel heavy.
"The dead are like sifu." The blood of the soldiers must not be shed in vain, and we must find out the reasons for the failure of the anti-encirclement and suppression war, the chairman thought in his heart. At the same time, Wang Jiaxiang and Zhang Wentian's thoughts coincided with those of the chairman, who knew in their hearts that in order to win victory under such circumstances, they must support Chairman Mao. However, at that time, the "regular" war advocated by Wang Ming had already occupied a dominant position in the Red Army, but the chairman's ideological line was opposed and considered incorrect, which made Wang Jiaxiang and others feel sad, and looking at the more and more tragic state of the subsequent war, Wang Jiaxiang and Zhang Wentian also understood even more that the chairman's ideological line was correct!
In 1934, due to the failure of the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression campaign, our army was forced to leave the Soviet zone and begin the Long March. It was also after this war that two different voices began to appear within the Red Army, one voice supporting the chairman to take the leadership of the Red Army, and the other voice insisting that Li De, Bogu and others continue to command.
As the two voices intensified, at a time when our Party's life and death were at stake, in 1935 the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China finally convened the Zunyi Conference, which was of great significance in history, with the aim of solving the problems of the Red Army on the military line and changing the "Left" thinking of Li De, Bogu and others. At the meeting, the participants all expressed their views, but also made it clear which side they supported, naturally, most of the people supported the chairman, through this war, Li De and Bogu's combat methods are indeed questionable. But some people supported it, and naturally some people opposed it, and the comrade mentioned at the beginning of the article was one who supported Bogu, Li De, and others, and was also the one who argued with the chairman the most.
This person's name was Kaifeng, at this time, he was not yet aware of the harm caused by the wrong command of Li De, Bogu and others, at the meeting, he expressed his own opinions, but also expressed his own opinions, in Kaifeng's view, Bogu is a comrade who is subject to advanced military thinking, and the chairman's method he has never heard of, and even more can not find relevant evidence to prove that his ideological line is correct, he believes that the chairman can not really understand Marxism, came up with these, but only read "Sun Tzu's Art of War" and "Sun Tzu's Art of War" a few more times Romance of the Three Kingdoms". As for his opinion of the chairman, the party did not pay attention to it, but just smiled lightly!
The meeting ended quickly, and in accordance with the principle of the minority obeying the majority, the Party Central Committee decided to elect the Chairman, Premier Zhou, and Wang Jiaxiang as the political commissars of the Public Central Committee, responsible for leading the military work of the Red Army, and becoming the new person leading the Revolution of the Red Army. Comrade Kaifeng, who argued with the chairman on the basis of reason, was dismissed from his party post after the meeting, used as a punishment, and gave him profound ideological education.
The consciousness of party spirit is high, and Kaifeng will change it when he knows that he is wrong
Kaifeng is a man from Sanjiaochi Village, Laoguan Town, Xiangdong District, Pingxiang County, Jiangxi Province, whose original name was He Kequan, and was born in February 1906 in a peasant family. A few years later, while studying at Pingxiang Middle School, he happened to be influenced by revolutionary and progressive ideas, and during this time, he actively participated in the student revolutionary movement. In 1925, Kaifeng was admitted to the Wuchang Higher Normal School, and in the process was baptized by the wave of the Great Revolution, so He Kequan often went out to read newspapers and periodicals about the revolution during his school years, and gradually became interested in Marxist revolutionary theory, began to write political articles, and also served as the editor-in-chief of the school journal because of this.
He Kequan's writing is extremely sharp, in many cases he can unabashedly write his ideas on paper, point out the key to the problem, he has such a unique view of politics, rich experience and writing that the party organization quite appreciates him, it can be said that he has long regarded him as the best candidate to join the party, and now he is only waiting for an opportunity. In March 1927, Kaifeng joined the Youth League of the Communist Party of China, and soon after he held an important position as the secretary of the League branch of Sun Yat-sen University in Xuchang.
But there are advantages and disadvantages, He Kequan's excellence is good for the organization, but it is different for the reactionaries, this is a double-edged sword. Sure enough, it wasn't long before he was wanted by the Beiyang military government, and the party organization decided to send him to Moscow to study in order to ensure his safety. With the deliberate cultivation of the organization, under the education of revolutionary advanced knowledge, He Kequan's revolutionary knowledge level improved by leaps and bounds, and not only that, he also knew many early organizational leaders. After returning to China, he was sent to the south to serve as the Youth League Committee of the Two Guangdong Provinces, because he wanted to keep the revolutionary work secret, he Kequan assumed the name "Kaifeng" after careful consideration, and continued to contribute to the organization.
In May 1931, He Kequan was arrested and imprisoned by the reactionaries for some betrayal, in the face of the enemy's interrogation, He Kequan always held his heart and never wavered a point, later, because the enemy did not find accurate evidence, coupled with the organization's full rescue, He Kequan was finally successfully rescued after March, in order to repay the trust of the organization, after the September 18 Incident, he published a series of articles in publications such as "Red Flag Weekly" and "Oriental Youth" to expose the way the Kuomintang government sold goods. Thus inciting the struggle of the students and analyzing that the task of the Work of the Communist Youth League in the new situation is to combine the struggle of the students with the struggle of the workers and peasants.
From his experience, it can be seen that He Kequan did contribute wholeheartedly to the party organization, but later, when he was ordered to serve as the secretary of the Central Committee of the League in the Central Soviet Region, he had a disagreement with the chairman and launched a debate in front of him. Faced with the life and death of the time, He Kequan opposed the constitution of the general assembly and was stubborn, which was obviously inappropriate, but fortunately, not long after the Zunyi conference, the situation reversed showed everything.
Under the leadership of the chairman, the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army gradually regained its dominance in the battlefield, and He Kequan, who had been educated by the party organization, finally woke up and regretted that he was not in the beginning, and at this moment, when he thought of what he said at the Zunyi meeting, he only felt childish and ridiculous, and he was ashamed.
But wrong is wrong, absolutely can not evade responsibility, this is He Kequan's principle. In order to make up for the mistakes he had made, that is, from this moment on, He Kequan changed his previous attitude, firmly stood under the chairman's camp, and even more courageously asked to see the chairman, and especially sincerely conducted a profound self-reflection and self-criticism to him, and also summed up his mistakes at the Zunyi meeting. I thought that the chairman would not want to see him, or even dislike him, but who could have imagined that the chairman was not angry, did not reprimand him, forgave his inappropriate words and deeds at the meeting, and only told him to learn a lesson and look forward, not only that, but also caused the cpc central committee members to resume all of He Kequan's posts and continue to contribute to the organization.
He Kequan was touched by the magnanimity of the chairman, and felt guilty that he did not know people clearly, but at the same time he was loyal to the chairman, and even more so, he had absolute trust and obedience to him on the road ahead. After the two completely unblocked the estrangement in the matter of the Zunyi meeting, the relationship was directly as close as a close friend, and He Kequan also became the chairman's right hand man, excluding many people with impure minds for the party organization, and helping the chairman as much as possible in the process of moving forward, and this relationship was envied by everyone.
Later, He Kequan served as the head of the Propaganda Committee of the CPC Central Committee, often went to the Kang Da to give lectures on political economy, and also gave formal reports; because He Kequan's theoretical knowledge was particularly solid, he was often particularly excited when he gave speeches, and instilled firm Marxist-Leninist ideas in the cadres and the masses, so that everyone was united and unanimous to the outside world.
After the founding of New China, He Kequan died of illness
He Kequan's propaganda work has been done very well, and his solid literary foundation and solid revolutionary theoretical foundation have made us of great significance when the country was founded; in a sense, because of his existence, the people have united more rapidly, the knowledge of revolutionary theory has become more extensive, and the pace of the founding of New China has been accelerated.
After the founding of New China, He Kequan did not rest, but in November 1952, he served as the dean of the Marxist-Leninist Academy, continued to return to his old business, and paid great efforts for the party's propaganda and theoretical work.
In the propaganda work, He Kequan used his own efforts to step by step to the forefront of the revolution; he did not rush to the forefront like a soldier with a weapon, nor did he stand behind the enemy to command the soldiers like Su Yu, Liu Bocheng, and Xu Teli, nor did he formulate the state's large-scale principles and policies like the chairman and the premier, but the propaganda department he worked in made a solid foundation for the founding of New China; without the propaganda of these people, the people's thinking would not be unified, and the founding of New China would only be more difficult.
It is worth mentioning that although He Kequan is in an important position, he never seeks private interests for his children's descendants; when he first parted from his relatives, He Kequan personally told his daughter that he should work in agriculture with peace of mind and actively participate in the construction of the motherland.
During the work, He Kequan has always been conscientious and diligent, but for many years, He Kequan has been in a state of overloaded work, his body is gradually overwhelmed, and years of overwork have made him accumulate into a disease. But even so, in response to the call of the Central Propaganda Department, He Kequan still wrote a study and propaganda outline on the party's general line in the transitional period. He Kequan's exemplary behavior did not end until march 23, 1955, when he died in Beijing due to ineffective medical treatment, and he was buried in Babaoshan at the age of 49.
In the face of the tit-for-tat confrontation between He Kequan and the chairman, there is still a lot of controversy, but although Bogu, Wang Ming, Li De, He Kequan (Kaifeng) and others had differences in line with the chairman at that time, they were still very united within the party, and under the circumstances at that time, no one knew what kind of results would be produced if this line was followed.
For the time when it was in a critical period of life and death, some dogmatists still felt that it was most secure to copy the policy in the textbooks, they had already seen the world in the early days of studying abroad, and the chairman had no experience of going abroad at that time, let alone any foreign language, in the eyes of these returnees, it was very much like a peasant, which was indeed a big disadvantage for the chairman, He Kequan was familiar with reading "Capital" and "Marxism" various communist books, but what the chairman said made them almost unable to find where his theoretical basis was. For them, it is simply a fantasy. However, they forgot to consider whether the current national conditions do not conform to the textbook set, so this disagreement is understandable to a certain extent, and everyone's original intention is still good.
He Kequan's quality is invaluable; he was able to realize that he had corrected his mistakes in a timely manner, vigorously supported the chairman's ideological line, done a great deal of propaganda work for the founding of New China, and made great contributions to our party building.
He Kequan's life's merits have been commented by his descendants, although he was not inferior to the chairman at the Zunyi meeting, who can guarantee that he will not be wrong in his life! From another point of view, the chairman looks at this matter with his own broad mind, and can still reuse He Kequan, and why can't he show from the other side that He Kequan's quality and ability are very outstanding! What do the visiting officials think about He Kequan's (Kaifeng) remarks against the chairman at the Zunyi meeting? Feel free to leave a comment in the comments section below! This issue ends here, thank you very much for watching, we will see you in the next issue!