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Enjoy reading the special topic of "Fuzhou"
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Today, let us follow the text to explore Yantai Mountain on Qionghuayu Island and explore the historical story of Yantai Mountain in thousands of years of foreign exchanges.
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Qionghua Township in the dream
Fuzhou is a garden city, and time always wants to leak a little honey from the Qionghua, leaving a little sweet poetry for Yudao. Jade Island is the hometown of Qionghua and melon fruits. More than a hundred years ago, the French consul in Fuzhou, the playwright Paul Claudel, said: "This is a place with roses and honey colors..." People who have come seem to smell the honey in the wind.
Yantai Mountain is a mountain in the north of Cangshan District (Qionghuayu Island) near the Minjiang River and Cangqian Road. Due to the change of dynasties, the mountain has changed its name many times. The naming and renaming of a mountain since ancient times is usually related to the architecture on the mountain. This mountain, because of Tianning Temple, was originally named "Tianning Mountain", and later known as "Yancang Mountain" (referred to as Cangshan Mountain) and "Cangqian Mountain", and is now known as "Yantai Mountain" by the government.
At the foot of Yantai Mountain, the Minjiang River flows with jade, and the plum blossoms in The Plum Blossom Dock once bloomed in ten miles, and the poem "Ten Miles of Flowers is the City, and a Thousand Jade Is a Forest", which can be described as a fairyland on earth. After this plum blossom bears fruit, it is a green plum, and the local people use the green plum as a preserved fruit or wine to make a living, so until modern times, the local people grow plums for a living, and love plums as fate.
During the Ming Dynasty, the famous literary scholar Cao Xueqi came from Hongtang to Meiling to admire plums, and gave the poem "Fuji mountain to see plums", at the end of the poem "Degu shoots immortals, and suddenly meets here." "Compare Meiling to Shugu Shoot (Immortal Mountain)." Near Meiling is the paradise praised by Zhu Xi's uncle Zhu Yu, Taohua Mountain. Therefore, the area around Meiling, Taohua Mountain, and Tianning Mountain is regarded as a fairyland on earth. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Lin Xu set up a fort at the top of Tianning Mountain, and in 1965, the government built YantaiShan Park at the fort, and Tianning Mountain was nicknamed "Yantai Mountain".
The most evocative of Yantai Mountain's plum past is a hundred years ago. At that time, the mountain gathered gardens, houses, residences, and mountain pavilions. Among the thousand petals fluttering in April, this is where dreams begin. Lin Huiyin, a talented woman in Fuzhou, praised the April day on earth with poetry. The April sky here is crystal blue and the flowers are fragrant and jade islands. The heavenly Qionghua of that tree and tree gently and slowly dreamed in the Tang poems and Song Poems, and on the Jade Island, they were shocked by the charm of history and the amorousness of the poets, and the Jade Into a Dream Qionghua Township, the Meiwu Town by the Water Dock, and the Emerald Castle.
In 1923, Ye Shengtao, who lived on The Mountain of Yantai, saw it when he strolled with a poetic body in the dusk: "Cangqian Mountain is almost a garden, a road, a bush of flowers, a house, a coachman, all poetic." Especially cute is that when the evening sun is faint, a bell rings in the chapel, and several girls with flower paper umbrellas walk through the shade. On the morning of 1932, Xiao Qian loved YantaiShan in his novel "Silkworm": "The Cangqian Street by the river, when the car bells and the wood exhibition of Dangdang and The clicking of the wood are still so crisp." ”
The Republic of China is like smoke far away, travelers follow the traces of the ancients to walk all over Yantai Mountain, Meiwu Road, Park Road... Walk through the deep and winding mountain trails, and fall in love with the mountain houses and small buildings hidden in the shade. Stopping at a certain corner, a morning light swims through the grass at the head of the old wall, as if time and space have traveled, and there is a mysterious hazy beauty that makes people instantly fall into the dream of literature and art.
How does this jade island, Yantai Mountain, hide the jade snow in its heart and not let the Qionghua blossom like a poem? How many legends does Yantai Mountain have when Qionghua blossoms like poetry? So haunting.
Southeast metropolis
Yantai Mountain is one of the five largest tea ports in the world in modern times. Fuzhou's Hai Silk Road should start from Yantai Mountain.
Before Fuzhou became a five-port treaty port, dongye port was established as far back as the Han Dynasty. By the Song Dynasty, Fuzhou was already a powerful trade port active at home and abroad, and many maritime merchants with international influence were born. Su Shi, a writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, said: "Fujian has been engaged in maritime commerce all the way. "The maritime merchants sailed in groups, carried out trade in china through the sea route, and attracted investment from overseas, helping the Song court to obtain a net profit of up to 980,000 yuan."
Fuzhou was called the "Southeast Metropolis", and during the Southern Song Dynasty, Fuzhou was known as the "Silk City". Maritime merchants trafficked Fujian silk fabrics, porcelain, etc. to Southeast Asia for foreign trade. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, due to the tribute trade between Fuzhou and Ryukyu, the government opened the Shangwang Wharf at the Wangye Sheren Temple on the border of Yantai Mountain to moor the ships carrying Ryukyu tributes and the sealed boats of the Ryukyu envoys.
In the middle of the seventeenth century, tea became an important commodity exported by China to Britain, and Fuzhou became one of the world's tea ports, and overseas economic trade developed rapidly. In 1684, the Kangxi Emperor defied the public opinion and ordered the opening of the sea trade, Fuzhou reopened the sea and set up customs, and set up China's first customs at the Wagong Ancestral Hall on Zhongzhou Island, the Fujian Customs Fuzhou Branch, which promoted the prosperity of Fujian coastal cities.
The above two pictures: The Maritime Silk Road Exhibition Hall really shoots Drum Tower Tourism
Long-term foreign trade has made Fuzhou's port economy closely linked with the world economy, developed the domestic shipping industry, promoted the development and prosperity of the commodity economy in Fujian's coastal cities and their surrounding areas, transformed Fuzhou from a political center of Fujian into a cultural and economic center, and gradually developed into a commercial customs port city with modern characteristics. Yantai Mountain is an important economic region of Fuzhou.
In 1844, britain was the first to open a consulate in Fuzhou, and Fuzhou began to officially become an open port. Seventeen countries, including the United States, France, Germany, Russia and Japan, have successively set up consulates or agencies in Cangshan. The Yantaishan area formed the consular district. Western countries also opened banks, post offices, newspapers, foreign firms, companies, churches, schools, hospitals, etc. in the Yantaishan area, resulting in many Western-style buildings.
Subsequently, businessmen from all over the world came to Fuzhou to invest and engage in import and export trade such as tea. At that time, foreign firms and tea warehouses for import and export of tea were concentrated in Panchuanpu, and Fujian tea was shipped from the Panchuanpu Wharf in Yantai Mountain and sold in large quantities abroad. Since the opening of Fuzhou in 1853, the export volume of tea has grown rapidly year by year, so Fuzhou has become the largest tea port in China, opening the historical prelude to the mass production, production and export of Chinese tea to Europe and the United States.
Photo: Photo by Cen Fenghua
Yantaishan has become one of the tea ports in the modern world, the cradle of the development of modern and modern civilization in Fujian, the beginning of Fuzhou's modern history, and the place where foreigners work and live in Fuzhou in modern times. Fuzhou bureaucrats and wealthy merchants also immediately built many buildings in Yantaishan with Western or Southeast Asian colonial architectural characteristics, known as gardens, lulu, other industries, and mountain villas, as a place to live, relax or escape the summer, and the atmosphere here was widespread.
Foreign ships carrying tea could only sail to the lower reaches of the Minjiang River. Because the water level in the Kuiqi area was too low, the large ships were often stranded and damaged, so the British had to set up anchorages in the Mawei Luoxing Pagoda to moor the ships, and the goods were then transferred to small boats to be transported to Fuzhou City.
Photo: Star Rota Fuzhou News Network
At that time, the slopes on both sides of guling were paved with terraces, like a green ladder reaching the blue sky. The leisurely waterway from here to Nakasu Island is full of romance and is regarded by British merchants as the most beautiful scenery. When the boat passes through Gushan, you will see that Guling has countless rivers winding between green villages, and the mountain fields are rich and the scenery is pleasant, which is suitable for summer summer.
After passing Drum Mountain and approaching the vicinity of Middle-Earth Island, the view ahead amazed the British botanist Robert Fochon, as if it were the Clyde River in Scotland. The beautiful Wanshou Bridge and Gangnam Bridge connect the two ends of Zhongzhou Island, and the river flows through more than 40 curved bridge holes, which is spectacular, and Zhongzhou Island is like a garden in the water.
On the north side of the garden, the White Pagoda, the Wu Pagoda, and the farthest Wanghai Tower, in the undulating mountains and the twists and turns of the three squares and seven alleys, resemble an urban painted ink painting. Under the reflection of the clear stream of the Minjiang River, Yantai Mountain is like a dream of Qionghua Township.
When Guling became a summer resort for foreigners, Yantai Mountain formed a street of Fujian Customs, Tea Port, Tea Warehouse, Tea Factory, Tea House, Bank, Foreign Bank, Post Office, schools, hospitals, garden houses, mountain villas, and mansions all over the mountains. "Old China in Front of the Camera: John Thomson's Travels" records that "Fuzhou is one of China's major tea markets, about seven miles from the location of the arsenal and the port where the tea is shipped." Among the so-called open ports, this is perhaps the most distinctive. ”
The best of Yantai Mountain
From the late Qing Dynasty to the modern era, Yantaishan was born in all walks of life in China's first, Fujian first, Fuzhou first, such as the late Qing Dynasty China's largest women's and children's hospital Ma Gaoai Hospital (the first hospital in Fujian), China's first women's representative Xu Jinmao (president of Ma Gaoai Hospital, Ohio Westlian University, MD), China's first telegraph line built by fuzhou telegraph bureau, China's first women's university private South China Women's College of Arts and Sciences, Fujian's first city telephone area, The first hospital in Fuzhou (Tating Medical Center, now the Second Hospital of Fuzhou City), the first shop in Fuzhou to use elevators...
Yantai Mountain is the mountain of benevolence and righteousness. In the late Qing Dynasty, The Cangshan revolutionary heroes Zheng Quan, Zheng Zuyin, and Cai Renqi, on behalf of the people of Fujian, were the first to stand up and take a clear-cut stand in waging the anti-Qing struggle. Yantaishan thus became the center of Fujian's anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle and the source of Fujian's Xinhai Revolution. After the success of China's Xinhai Revolution, three Fuzhou people, Xu Jinmao, Li Changshui, and Huang Zhiji, carried out people-to-people diplomacy in the United States and made positive contributions to the international recognition of the Republic of China.
Yantai Mountain is a mountain of famous doctors. Since the late Qing Dynasty, Yantaishan famous doctors have gathered, including foreign Western medicines from China and Chinese Western medicines graduated from famous foreign universities. The family of traditional Chinese medicine is hanging pots to save the world, and the famous masters of Western medicine save lives and help the injured; everyone who combines traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine is also a revolutionary, educator, activist, philanthropist...
For example, Xu Jinmao, president of Ma Gao Ai Hospital, has been practicing medicine in Fujian for 44 years, and Chen Sunflower, who mainly focuses on obstetrics and gynecology, opened Xu Chen's Medical Center at No. 5 Huaiyinli. Throughout her life, she was charitable and charitable, and was praised by the people of the time as "doctor's wife". Cai Renqi is the author of "Fujiyama Zhi", founded the "Private Fuzhou College of Traditional Chinese Medicine", taught gynecology himself, compiled the textbook "Gynecology Lecture Notes", and founded the magazine "Medical Duo", Cai Renqi called on Chinese medicine scholars to study the medicine of the motherland and carry forward the essence of the motherland's medicine. There are also other famous doctors such as Lin Sichen, Wang Zhaopei, Wang Zhuozu, Zheng Zongluo, Wang Tan, Cai Qin, Lin Yingfan, Lin Rukuo, Wang Zhongfang, Chen Guoqing, He Zuhuan, etc.
Yantai Mountain is the first mountain in modern and contemporary culture and education in Fujian. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, Yantaishan had 8 church schools, which had an important impact on the local culture. In 1939, the German Consulate in Fuzhou in Cangqianshan and the manager of the German merchant Qianxin Foreign Firm set up the Fujian Provincial Research Institute, which was three-legged with the Academia Sinica and the Peking Research Institute. By 1948, in addition to the Church Theological College, there were only 30 kindergartens and 30 research institutes in Fujian Province, which was the most developed area for education in Fujian Province.
In modern times, celebrities who have been influenced by Western culture include Yan Fu, Luo Fenglu, Huang Naisheng, Lin Sen, Chen Shaokuan, Xu Jinmao, and Watchman Nee. They are proficient in at least one, or even many, foreign languages. They became world-famous thinkers, translators, educators, writers, and leaders in modern times. Almost all of their descendants and the sons and daughters they have raised have become excellent talents in the field of modern professionals.
Yantai Mountain is the first mountain of women's school in Fujian. In 1850, the first girls' school in Fujian was opened on YantaiShan; in 1859, Yuying Girls' Junior High School was established; in 1864, Wushishan established the Anritsuma Girls' School (the predecessor of Linghou Taoshu Girls' High School); in 1881, Heling Yinghua Middle School was located on Lequn Road; in 1894, there was a Zhenzhen Girls' Junior High School on Hulu Road; in 1908, Huaying Girls' School (South China Women's University Preparatory Department) was established. These girls' schools have trained the first generation of new women in Fuzhou who can stand on their own, and have become the pioneers of the Chinese women's liberation movement, such as Xu Jinmao, Wang Meishou, Wang Shijing, Yu Baosheng and other hospital presidents, principals, educators, scientists, translators. South China Girls' School has trained many virtuous ladies, beautiful and wise women, and outstanding talented women.
Yantai Mountain is a summer resort. Under the Yantai Mountain, the two sides of the Minjiang River have a wide view and beautiful scenery; the native forests on the Yantai Mountains are lush, the mountains and small islands are surrounded by rivers, lakes and streams, and the summer is not covered, the green shade is full of mountains, quiet and beautiful, it is the "happy city" in the hearts of the British, so they have built houses to escape the summer on Yantai Mountain.
After the five ports of commerce, Fuzhou opened up to the world, showing the world the rich beauty of China, which is rich and beautiful. In modern times, the deep interaction between trade and cultural exchanges between the East and the West has formed a strong internal and external driving force for the economic development and change of the city.
Fuzhou, an ancient city of more than 2,000 years, under the dual influence of the impact of Western force and the driving force of the local economy, the city has been deeply imprinted on the "combination of East and West" in various social undertakings such as politics, culture, education, and economy. This is the choice of the times, and it is also the mark of historical development and change. This history is not only the beginning of Fuzhou's modern history, but also the prelude to the history of China's tea production and export trade, and the formation, development and prosperity of Fuzhou's marine culture.
Yantai Mountain is the birthplace of Fuzhou's modern marine culture. The long history of Panchuanpu, the openness of the port, and the diverse religions and colorful local folk beliefs gather in Yantaishan, highlighting the characteristics and humanistic spirit of Fuzhou's marine culture. Yantaishan's diversified cultural exchange activities have also formed the open cultural psychology and tolerant cultural character of Fuzhou people.
Most of the Western missionaries who came to Rong at the end of the Qing Dynasty were scholars and educators, bringing with them superior Western technology and civilization. They run schools, do charity, and actively interact with Fuzhou cultural scholars. At that time, a number of progressive intellectuals such as Yan Fu, Huang Naisheng, Chen Jitong, Lin Shu, Wang Shouchang, and Xue Shaohui studied Western culture, promoted the convergence and integration of Chinese and Western cultures, and promoted the development of modern cultural education in Fuzhou and even China.
In the development of nearly a century, modern YantaiShan has become the economic window of the world at that time, an important chapter in the history of China's diplomacy, a developed area for the development and prosperity of Fuzhou's marine culture, and an important area for promoting Fuzhou's economic development.
The fanghua past of the garden
Yantai Mountain is an expo site where the historical buildings of the modern world gather. Yantaishan Area is mainly composed of three areas, namely Yantaishan Historical and Cultural Landscape Area, Gongyuan Road Historical Building Group, and Machang Street Historical Building Group.
Yantaishan Historical and Cultural Landscape Area has two paths, one path is from Yantai Road at the entrance of Yantaishan Park to Lequn Road to Aiguo Road, and the other path is from Tingxia Road to Aiguo Road. These two streets full of Republican style and the century-old buildings on both sides exude the nostalgic atmosphere of time travel.
Representative buildings here include Yantaishan History Museum (formerly the US Consulate), the British Consulate in Fuzhou, LequnLou, the former residence of Paul Klodale, the french consul in Fuzhou, the official residence of the Fujian Customs and Taxation Department, and the Shicuo Church; the historical buildings of Park Road are mainly concentrated on Park Road, Fuyuan Road, Sany Lane and Lixin Road. Representative centuries-old buildings include the official residence of the Russian Consulate in Fuzhou Outer Chinese School, the residence of the Deputy Taxation Department of Fujian Customs, the Linsen Mansion, Zhenlu, Puyuan, Luoyuan, Wuyi Villa, etc.
Several old buildings here have been transformed into retro cafes, such as No. 1 Fuyuan Road, Xilin Xiaozhu, Qinghe Lu, etc., attracting many Wenqing to come here to seek their dreams and reminisce about the old atmosphere that has passed away. Strolling through the four-season blossoming Machang Street, the sun is generally open everywhere, vines and cannon flowers, often waiting for you on the halfway, half covered and half hidden to lead the flower shadows all the way into those small courtyards.
Here, the private cottages that combine Chinese and Western styles, each building and courtyard, are like Chinese flower tea in a coffee cup. The low wall, sometimes a few poles of bamboo or a few green plantains escaped obliquely from the courtyards of each house, but still could not stop the classical small building looming behind it.
Courtyard doors, steps, fronts of the court, corridors, often covered with the shadow of herbs, the faint smell of elegant fragrance, the idyllic and elegant Chinese life atmosphere, giving people a sense of tranquility and tranquility, the past is like a dream. When moving to the easy scenery, it is really exciting, and it is reluctant to go far.
The courtyard of each large household has a literary and unique name - Dream Garden, Ke Garden, Yi Garden, Shuo Garden, Yi Garden, Ai Lu, Zhonglu, Tuolu, Dinglu, Yilu, Yong'anli, Kangshanli... These Chinese and Western buildings, which have witnessed the vicissitudes of history, still sit elegantly in the sun, exuding a profound cultural charm.
The above two pictures: walking Yantai Mountain
Under the root of the wall opposite Zhonglu on Machang Street is a row of old-fashioned flower beds planted with bamboo, which were also planted in the spring and can be seen in all seasons. Walking around here in winter is like being in the middle of a spring scene. This quaint flower bed, the green bamboo in spring, and the more ancient family on the side of the alley, constitute a movie picture from a distant era - a small alley with a story, you don't know open the door, who comes out of it?
Standing under the low wall, looking up, the wall is planted with Luohan bamboo and mango trees along the wall roots, facing the emerald green of the alley. The emerald green crevices shimmered with a shaking crystalline glow, the green leaves of the climbing tiger that climbed all over the outer wall, swaying innocently in the breeze under the summer sun, beckoning passers-by like an elf to look at it.
If you really look at it, you'll be hooked by it, because behind it is a very beautiful and elegant old courtyard. Behind the verdant bamboo and fruitful mango trees is a century-old green brick mansion, which is very well protected. The wooden door opened, as if to see the title page of a novel open.
The most beautiful scenery of Machang Street is in summer, with the fragrance of mangoes, low walls, bamboo, books, moonlight, night incense, and the cool breeze blowing from the nearby ponds, fields, and alleys, like a poem pervading the old-style courtyard.
The above two pictures: strolling through Yantai Mountain
When the spring rain is gentle or the autumn rain is gentle, looking out from the window of the high-rise building here, a tile and a thousand tiles of the Dream Garden are all instruments of the jingling rain, beating and beating, from the tiles to the banana leaves in the courtyard, the gentle rhythm of the dripping water blends into the heavens.
Yantai Mountain is the end of the traditional axis sequence organization of Fuzhou Ancient City, which carries Fuzhou's modern and modern commercial history, witnesses the development and transformation of the city, and was once an important window for Fujian Province's foreign economic and cultural exchanges.
In the 1990s, the great development of land transportation, the construction of multiple bridges across the Minjiang River, the convenience of buses, private cars and other means of transportation helped Cangshan District take off the hat of the suburbs, and Cangshan District became the entire Nantai Island. At the same time, Fuzhou also established Jin'an District. The area of Fuzhou City is getting larger and larger.
It can be seen that Fuzhou, located in the lower reaches of the Minjiang River, is the importance of the southward retreat of the river to the development of the city. Especially in the era of shipping, rivers also played a crucial role in the development of cities. After the reform and opening up, the Fuzhou Municipal Government formulated a city development strategy for expanding eastward and southward according to the characteristics of Fuzhou Port City. On February 13, 2017, as an important strategic support of the country, the construction of Binhai Fuzhou was officially launched, marking that Fuzhou officially entered the era of coastal cities.
The sound of water in Fuzhou, the cycle of cause and effect, is generally filled with the vastness and depth of the sea, like a symphony of the century.
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Text source: "Fuzhou" Author: Meng Fengmin
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