Songshan Fu traces the history of Jinzhou back to the 11th century BC
——Study and interpret Mr. Bai Xuesheng's "Matsuyama Fu"
High hongliang
I. Study and interpret Songshan is located in Jinzhou City, the throat of the Western Liaoning Corridor, which is not only a key transportation route to the inside and outside of the Pass, but more importantly, a turning point for military breakthroughs and major historical events. The "Liaoshen Campaign" was fought in Jinzhou, sounding the decisive victory call for the liberation of the whole country. Songshan is not high, only 256.7 meters above sea level, but the terrain is dangerous, like a barrier to cover the ancient Jincheng. Songshan and the surrounding peaks and hills dot Jinzhou with crystal green. A pine forest in the shape of a qíu dragon (Note 1), leafy and shady. Surrounded by three skirts of mountains in the east, west and north, the north side is towering high, only the south side is lower, the sky left people with the climbing path, step on the boardwalk steps, along the mountain path, suddenly the eyes light up, into the eyes is a beautiful shining! What is this place? Jinzhou people proudly tell you that this is the true appearance of Jinzhou's "Songshan". Songshan is located in the south of Jinzhou City, commonly known as "Nanshan", rising from the ground, the temperament is not ordinary. Due to the development and expansion of the city, the former Nanshan Mountain has now become a "mountain in the city". This "mountain in the city" blesses Jinzhou Governor Taijiu'an!
Facing the Bohai Sea in the south, the green mountains and green waters are rippling; in the north, there is the towering Liaoxi Old Road, which is connected to the ancient city of Jinzhou; the central Liaoning urban agglomeration on the left, like the "mirage", is also psychedelic; the right side passes through Shanhaiguan and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei sticky edge through the mountain road. It is this treasure land that has been circulating since ancient times, and the myth of Nüwa supplementing the heavens has been circulated (Note 2). The newly built winding mountain road, one after another, has created the "Hundred Mile Embroidery Ridge" is particularly delicate. A pine forest surrounded by a fence, Miko (Note 3) with a giant hand: it is called "Pine Mountain". At the top of Songshan Mountain, there is no room, no temple, and the marching tent (tent) built by The Emperor Taiji (Han Wang) on the top of the mountain is the "Han King Hall". It was here that king Han (Emperor Taiji) set up his troops and controlled the front of the battlefield. What a pity! Baoming's resistance to the Qing Dynasty, Yijun, and Yiwen's bingbu Shangshu Sun Chengzong (Note 4) was killed and returned to heaven to protect "Songshan". Giant Pine died first, and the prestige of the Ming Court fell day by day. The rise of the Qing Dynasty, Taizu (Nurhaci) is at peace?! The three strange stones (spirit stones) have fallen into disrepair and no longer exist today. Looking back at that year: the Qing army increased its troops and suppressed Songshan, which became the focus of the Ming and Qing wars, and the only strategic place in the year was Songshan. Only when Emperor Taiji (Hou Jin) captured Songshan, the Qing army could sweep away the resistance and drive directly to Fengtian! The Ming general Hong Chengyu (Note 5) clearly defended the situation, and only by sticking to the position in western Liaoning could he escape danger. After the two sides fought, the Qing army defeated the Ming army and occupied Songshan. It was this battle that became the famous "Battle of Songjin" in modern history. After the great victory of the Qing army, Emperor Taiji (Qing Taizong) seized the fighter, besieged the city, attacked the stronghold, and took advantage of the situation to march east, establishing the Qing Dynasty in Shenyang in 1636 and becoming the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty. After the defeat of the Ming army in the Battle of Songjin, the Chongzhen Emperor ordered a return to Jiliao (Hebei and southern Liaoning) to protect the two forward positions of Songshan and Xingshan, which was the last move to prevent the Qing army from entering the pass. In order to establish the Qing Dynasty, the Emperor was too defeated by the Ming Army, and he overworked in the conquest, was seriously ill, and was 52 years old and could not be saved. Emperor Taizong's younger brother Dolgun Fuzheng's young nephew Fu Lin, who was too young at the age of 6, was too young; Dorgon was evil and wanted to usurp the dynasty, and Emperor Taiji's old ministers vigorously opposed it.
After the Battle of Songjin, in order to besiege Jinzhou, the Qing soldiers dug trenches and destroyed the heavenly grabens, set up eight large camps on each side of Jinzhou, and personally led 100,000 troops to suppress the border, forcing the Ming army to have no way out. In order to defend jinzhou city, the Ming army ordered the commander He Kegang to be strong in battle. The Qing army had many soldiers and fierce firepower, and the Ming army was extremely overwhelmed by bullets, so it was urgent to seek help from the Jinzhou defender Zu Dashou (Note 6). Zu Daren's city pool was hidden to surrender, and eventually Zu became a sinner for eternity. At a critical moment: Emperor Mingsizong Zhu Youjian, in order to relieve the siege of Songjin, with the mood of a quick battle and a quick decision, manipulated the Ming general Hong Chengyu to swim between Songshan and Xingshan to preserve his strength and cope with all changes. The military trumpet sounded, and Hu Di (Note 7) was full of sorrow, a desolate! The "Battle of Matsuki", a short battle, begins between two mountains (pine and apricot). The sword qi soared into the sky, looking at each other on the opposite slope, and the Ming and Qing dynasties were only an arrow away from the lěi. The Qing army lost the first battle, and Huang Taiji was determined to return the favor.
Three thousand reinforcements were transferred from Shenyang, and he was instructed to report to Jinzhou for six days and nights. The Ming army was not weak, and Hong Chengyu led 130,000 troops, determined to break through, find a way out, and wait for the opportunity to find a clever trick. Emperor Taizong divided his troops into two cities, Song and Xingxing, and besieged and intercepted the strategy, cutting off their grain and cutting off their grass, and the command post was set up in the middle of the two mountains, blocking the waist and cutting off the Ming army's close connection with the use of unique tricks. Hong Shuai learned of the layout and strategy of the Qing army, and quickly withdrew to the first article of the Siege Jinming Army; returned to Songshan to rebuild the camp and start again, and the organs could take care of jinzhou and Songshan. Dorgon saw through the Ming army's plan and led his cavalry to attack Songshan. The Ming army felt that Matsuyama was difficult to protect, and quickly withdrew to the surrounding defenses, took the manpower guns, returned to the base camp, and then discussed the plan. A good strategy has been decided, and in order to reverse the defeat, prepare to break through. The Qing army fired ten thousand cannons in unison, and the Ming army collapsed in its entirety. Hong Shuai was captured and was "wrapped in mink" (warm heart soft trick) by Emperor Taiji to lower himself. Songjin fought for more than two years, and the Qing Dynasty celebrated the Ming Dynasty and sang lamentations.
The two dynasties won the battle against the Qing Dynasty, and the Zhu family and the Ming Dynasty fell into decline from then on. Magnificent, Matsuyama! You are the main battlefield of the "Songjin War"; you are the turning point of the ming and qing dynasties; you are the rise of the Qing Dynasty ignited here. After the founding of the Qing Dynasty in Shenyang in 1636 and the relocation of the capital to Beijing in 1645, Kangxi, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang and other Qing emperors made 11 eastern tours to Shengjing (Shenyang) to worship their ancestors, Kangxi and Qianlong left poems respectively, while Jiaqing and Daoguang east tours have historical records, but there is no ink treasure.
The poems of Kangxi and Qianlong are reproduced below as follows:
1. Kangxi Kangxi In 1672, he made his first eastern tour of the "Songshan" poem:
"Lü Wengshan, Qing Xuanye"
The flag rolled straight into the clouds,
The remains of the trenches are still visible.
100,000 athletes are disarmed,
For a moment, the big marshal made a catch.
Filial piety to the people,
Wang Ye is the heart of the Lord of Hardship.
Thus kansai was like a broken bamboo,
So far, the war is gloomy.
2. Qianlong Qianlong in 1778, when he was 68 years old, made his third eastern tour to worship his ancestors through Songshan
Jinzhou Daozhong Shushi, Qing Hongli
More efforts were made to attack the ground, and it was difficult to take advantage of it at that time. In the end, the teacher is demoted, and he relies on Hu Han. The matter has been published in the history of the Qing Dynasty, and he is known as a Jin official. Two gold jiuqi ding, one case Shu Min'an.
In the past: Jiaqing and Daoguang took the opportunity of the eastern tour to visit here, climb the mountain and look far away, and look for the past. Today: stone wall waterfall, curved corridor through the secluded, ascending nostalgia, fitness overlook. If you climb on matsugami, you can faintly see: "The flag is straight up in the clouds, and the traces of the trenches can still be found." "Welcome to Matsuyama! Sightseeing, water, leisure, travel, a bowl of water, a glass of wine; arouse your nostalgia! Spring: Spring breeze sends warmth, birds sing, purple swallows peck mud, apricot blossoms fill the garden. Summer: Cool and leisure, lotus frogs, cicadas in the trees, beautiful scenery of Gangnam. Autumn: Autumn breeze, autumn leaves embroidered mountains, melons and fruits are fragrant, frost hit chrysanthemum. Winter: Pine cypress, silver wrapped, spring plum, buds to be released. The scenery of the four seasons is beautiful, to tell the public, and I have left my wish! At this moment: I suddenly remembered a poem by Du Fu You Taishan, "Wangyue", which can best express the wishes of all tourists! How about Dezongfu? Qilu Qingwei. Create Zhong Shenxiu, yin and yang cut dawn. Stratus clouds are born on the chest, and the birds are returned to the birds. Will be the top of the mountain, overlooking the mountains small. Then I thought of: Confucius climbed Mount Tai and the world was small; Cao Cao had a relic in the east of Jieshi; Tang Monk India took the way through the Tianshan Mountains; Maogong Jinggang Mountain dared to climb! Magnificent mountains and rivers, full of emotions! Let's go together and enjoy the pleasure of mountaineering! Sneaking up the mountain and refining the heroism of "Not a Good Man To the Great Wall". Stepping on the green mountains, Fang knows that the motherland is a great river and mountain, and his ambition is not reduced. Roam the green mountains, layers of mountains and hug the autumn forest, avoid the hustle and bustle of the gods.
Second, the original text of "Songshan Fu" Songshan Fu occupies the western Liaoning Province, strangles the node of the corridor, calls the world strange, and the turning point is the key to history. Stacked mountains and layers of drapes, gathered peaks to point dai, send green and condensed, column pine and towering. A wall is high and green, transforming the spirit of heaven and earth; several steps of tranquility, hiding the drastic changes of ancient and modern times. Why? It is Jinzhou Songshan Yan. At the beginning, it was the head of the continent, and it supported the sky and rose up; now it is the mountain in the city, sitting in The town and Chang'an. The south is shining, and the linbi wave does not lose its beauty; the north embraces Jincheng, and the old road does not hide its humility. The left embraces the Middle of Liaoning, vaguely a mirage, and the right is connected to Beijing and Tianjin, winding through the post station Xiongguan. A vein of history, the strange stones and make up for the sky; the hundred miles of embroidery ridge, build the old fortress to the dragon pan. The blue wisps of the road are named after the Qishan Forest and the Jizi; the control of the danger is built and the trench is built, and the King of Han sits in the temple. Sighing the Great Ru is gone, the giant pine is gradually declining; Taizu Is safe, and the strange stone is shaken! Think back to that year, the old fortress here. At the turn of the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was particularly focused. The land of contention belongs only to this mountain. After the Jin Dynasty attacks the Ming Dynasty, it will break through the Song Mountains to take the road; and the Late Ming Dynasty will strangle the throat and escape from danger. Therefore, the boundary was songjin, and the Ming and Qing dynasties were at the forefront of the battle! At that time, Emperor Taizong of the Qing Dynasty sent troops to besiege the city, set up ambushes, fight reinforcements, and attack strong points, borrowing Song Jin to plot the world; Ming Chongzhen supervised the division, Jiliao, Tun Bing, and Beiku, and occupied Songxing Tun to the edge of the town. Yes, Dorgon dug trenches and destroyed the trenches, broke the line to cut off the reinforcements, and encamped on all sides of the city with soldiers; Zu Da shou Junchi hidden soldiers, submarine divisions set up ambushes, according to the eight sides of the armor and the enemy camp in front. Subsequently, Zhu Yu carved the siege of Songjin and urged him to make a quick decision; Hong Chengyu was cautious between Song Xingxing and persevered in responding to changes. The sound of the horns blowing the moon, the sorrows of each other, the short soldiers meet each other in the two trees; the sword qi rushes into the clouds, looking at each other across the slope, and the two dynasties are facing each other with an arrow away. Therefore, Huang Taiji led the army to help, and the crowd was only three thousand; Hong Chengyu was ordered to break through and lead tens of thousands of troops. Emperor Taizong divided his troops into two cities, cut off his grain, cut off his grass, and restrained his waist and bound his key points; the commander ran to the two ends of the first rat, fell on the bow, fell on the horse, and the whole line collapsed in reverse. Finally, Shancheng fell under the Qing army's Hongyi cannon, and Hong Shuai fell in front of Emperor Taizong's white-maned horse. After more than two years of the Battle of Songjin, Zhu Ming destroyed nine sides in an instant! Magnificent, Matsuyama! It is the key battle of the Ming and Qing dynasties, and an important turning point in history! As a result, Kangxi returned to riding, looking for the hao of the year, Qianlong looking for traces, and lamenting the difficulties of Wang Ye. Jiaqing re-walked the barren grass old fortress, and Daoguang re-sang the song apricot left behind. Only the peak of the road is up, but it is old and old. Stone spring traces, is the victory of the corridor; ascend to the ancient, sigh the hundred years of war also. But get the best place in the landscape, no harm to small tours, do not bear the nostalgia of nostalgia, there is a hike in the spring to visit the pine mountain, just to give the mood to warm up. Cuckoo summons rain, faintly full of mountains spring chirping, purple swallow pecking mud, trance a color of apricot blossom day! Summer tour of Songshan, just give tired leisure. The lotus frog drum is like walking into the splendid embroidery, and the cicadas on the locust are singing, as if chanting a Jiangnan slow. Autumn tour of Songshan, just to send life a cool. Maple dyes the color of xia, ripening by slow times, chrysanthemums know the frost heart, old enough to always be late in autumn. Winter tour of Matsuyama, just give yourself the New Year. Song Xianjin festival, ice muscle jade bone dew strong; Mei Zhan early spring, the first color on the head of the hundred flowers. The top range rover is relaxed, and the high and far-reaching is full of spirits. Confucius ascended Mount Tai and the small world, Meng De linjie stone and left his name, Xuanzang crossed the Tianshan Mountain to take buddhist scriptures, and Runshang Jinggang felt more climbing. You have to climb the mountain idly and cultivate your own grandeur. Stepping on the green mountains, still strong and healthy. Walk as far as you can, avoid the hustle and bustle. The mountains stand on their backs, and their arms are on display. Honor and disgrace do not disturb their worries; gains and losses do not bother their minds. Bondage is settled, empathy is within a mountain; temperament is calm, and a thousand years are far away!
Bai Xuesheng wrote three, nouns, legends, characters, and classical famous songs.
Note 1: The origin of the qíu dragon has been an important topic of inquiry for thousands of years. The earliest image from the bending of lightning, accompanied by thunder to the human world, is called a dragon. Our country is a multi-ethnic country, each ethnic group has a different animal totem, in order to unify, there needs to be a common object of reverence - so that the dragon becomes the new totemic symbol of the big family of all nationalities.
Dragons have different images, and the Han Dynasty scholar Wang Chong pointed out: the horns of the dragon are like deer, the head is like a snake, the eyes are like a rabbit, the neck is like a snake, the abdomen is like a mirage, the scales are like a carp, the claws are like an eagle, the palms are like a tiger, and the ears are like cattle.
There are many different accounts of dragons. By the Spring and Autumn Period, scholars divided dragons into four categories:
(1) Jiaolong: a dragon with scales, (2), Yinglong: a winged dragon, (3), a dragon with a wing, (3), a dragon with horns (qíu), (4), a dragon with horns (chí): a hornless dragon Since the beginning of the Qin and Han Dynasties, the dragon has become a common spiritual totem of the Chinese nation.
Source: (1) Suspected from the Classic of Mountains and Seas. (2) Jinzhou Evening News, reprinted on February 3, 2012.
Note 2: The legend of "Nuwa Patching Up the Heavens" a long time ago, the Yanhuang and Huang tribes had a big war, which broke the pillar of heaven and caused the flood of the whole world. Our Lady of The Virgin Mary "refined stones to make up the heavens", and many children also made up the heavens with her. In the process of replenishing the heavens, because there was a flood everywhere and there was nowhere to forage, the children were so hungry that they could not make up for the heavens. Nuwa looked anxious in her eyes, and she did not hesitate to open her heart and let the children suck. Because there are too many people, many children cannot eat milk and are still hungry. What to do? Nuwa resolutely took off one of her breasts and placed it on the ground, igniting it into a high mountain, and the milk trickled out from the top of the mountain, and the children filled their stomachs, and with a single blow, they made up for the sky and cured the flood. In order to commemorate the feats of this great mother, Nuwa, and the selfless and selfless dedication, posterity called this mountain "Milk Peak Mountain". This is today's Jinzhou Nanshan, that is, Jinzhou "Songshan". ——Source :Jinxian Chronicle
Image from Jinzhou Culture
Note 3: Jizi Introduction The 16th to 11th centuries BC was the ancient Yin Shang era in China, and the Shang King was a tyrant, and the internal and social contradictions within the family were very fierce. His elder brother Weizi qi ran away from him; prince Bigan was dissected; uncle Jizi was imprisoned, and later King Wu of Zhou was released from prison, took the opportunity to escape, secretly took a boat to Jinzhou Donghaikou, and then went ashore and traveled east to Nanshan. At that time, Nanshan was full of pine forests, lush and lush, and there was a flat land in the south of the mountain, which was very suitable for human survival, and Mizi decided to build a walled city here and multiply. Miko usually likes to appreciate the style of pine trees, and when she sees that the back mountain is full of pine trees, she points to the mountain and says, "Just call it Matsuyama!" ”。 This is the origin of "Matsuyama", which has a history of more than 3,000 years. According to the "Shi Ji Song Weizi Shijia Suoyin", Jizi was surnamed Zi, named Xu Yu, and was the uncle of King Huan (also known as Di Xin, the last monarch of the Shang Dynasty). Mi, the kingdom; the viscount also. Ji was the fief name given to Jizi by the King of Shang, and Zi was his title, and at that time people combined his fief with his title to call it "Jizi". According to the "Chronicle of Zhou Benji", "The tyranny of The Shang Dynasty was very bad, and he killed his son Bigan (Shang Dynasty Minister, known as the God of Literature and Wealth)", imprisoned his uncle Jizi, and forced The Younger Son (the brother of the King of Qiu, that is, the uncle brother) to flee, causing a great crisis in the dynasty. As a result, in the eleventh year of King Wu of Zhou (1046 BC), King Wu of Zhou united with various princes to capture the capital of the Shang Dynasty, and the King of Zhou committed suicide and Destroyed Zhou Xing. On the day king Wu of Zhou entered the capital of the Shang Dynasty, King Wu sent his younger brother Zhao Gong to "release the prisoner of JiZi". After his release, Jizi said to Weizi: "Shangqi fell, I am a servant"; his righteousness said that the Shang Dynasty was destroyed, and I could not be a vassal of the Zhou Dynasty, so Jizi fled to the north, first to Jinzhou Nanshan in western Liaoning, where Jinzhou was under the jurisdiction of Lonely Xing (during the Zhou Dynasty); and then went to Xiangping (present-day Chaoyang, Liaoning Province) to establish a princely state. According to the "Great Biography of Shang Shu", "The King of Wu heard of it, because he sealed it." "It means that after king Wu heard that Jizi had fled, he sealed part of the plot of land in western Liaoning to Jizi. He also sent envoys to catch up with Jizi at Guxing (孤乡, in present-day Lulong County, Hebei) and announce to him the title of King of Wu.
Note 4: Sun Chengzong Introduction Sun Chengzong, zi zhi rope, alias Kaiyang, Ming Jiaqing was born in Gaoyang (Baoding district), Hebei Province in the forty-second year (1563), so in the eleventh year of Chongzhen (1638), he died at the age of 76. Sun Chengzong was a Politician and Military Scholar of the Ming Dynasty, an official to the Bingbu Shangshu (equivalent to today's Minister of National Defense), when he left Zhenshan Customs, he supported Yuan Chonghuan to protect the Ming Dynasty, during which he twice came to Jinzhou to inspect and garrisoned the Jinzhou area for four years, had a deep affection for Jinzhou, and wrote the famous "Twelve Views of Jinzhou", laying the foundation for the later "Eight Views of Jinzhou". In November of the eleventh year of Chongzhen (1638), the Qing army Dolgun detoured into the Great Wall and attacked Gaoyang, Sun Chengzong seized the official home because of the Zu Dashou Incident, without military power, and led his family of six sons, two nephews, and twelve grandsons to heroically resist the Qing, resulting in the nephew's sacrifice and martyrdom, the whole family of more than forty people was killed, and Sun Chengzong was captured. After being captured, Dorgon repeatedly persuaded him to surrender, but he was refused, and finally "cut his heart and promise the country with his body", heroically righteous. ——Mr. Gao Hongliang's interpretation of "Jinzhou Fu"
Note 5: Introduction to Hong Chengyu (1593-1665), Zi Yan Yan, Number Heng Jiu. A native of Jinjiang, Fujian. Wanli Jinshi , Chongzhen seven years (1634) as the Bingbu Shangshu. In the twelfth year of Chongzhen (1639), he was transferred to the governor of Jiliao to fight against the Qing army. In the fourteenth year (1641), he led eight general soldiers and 130,000 infantry and horses to rescue Jinzhou, and fought a major battle with the Qing army at Songshan ("Battle of Songjin"), and the Ming army was defeated. The following year, Songshan fell, was captured and taken to Shenyang, and was defeated by the Emperor Taiji's warm heart-warming soft trick "Kiss wrapping mink fur".
——Concise Historical Dictionary, Henan Publishing House
Note 6: Introduction to Zu Dashou Zu Dashou (?) –1656), courtesy name Fuyu, was a native of Ningyuan (Xingcheng, Liaoning). In the first year of Chongzhen (1628), the Ming court made him the commander-in-chief of Liaodong and stationed in Jinzhou, and he was Wu Sangui's uncle. In 1642, the Qing army died trapped in Jinzhou, and the Ming army defenders could not resist and urgently asked Zu Dashou for help. Zu Daren's city pool was hidden, and finally he was captured and surrendered, becoming a sinner for eternity. ——Source :"Those Things of the Qing Dynasty"
Note 7: The ancient famous song "Hu Di" Introduction "Hu Di" This guqin song is unfamiliar to many people, not only the song name is longer, "Hu Di" is even more difficult to understand; according to Guo Moruo's research, there is a Turkic tune first, and then the 39-year-old writer Sun Pixian of the Ming Dynasty is phonetically matched. This ancient song shows the poignancy and resentment of cai wenji of the Han Dynasty who was captured by the Hu people, so "Hu Di" is a song of mourning and desolation. Benfu's quotation of "Sorrow and Sorrow" is to foil the desolation of war. This repertoire is more extensive, with a total of eighteen beats (i.e. eighteen verses), which will not be repeated here; if you want to know, you can ask the author of the commentary. Source: Mr. Gao Hongliang's Study Notes
Note 8: The meaning of tracing the eleventh century BC The eleventh century BC is China's ancient Yin Shang era, more than 1100 years ago; now it is 2021 AD, the two add up to 3121, indicating that Jinzhou is an ancient city with a history of more than 3000 years.
Author: Gao Hongliang
September 25, 2021
"Songshan Fu" interpreter: The writer of the centennial industrial and commercial volume of "Humanities Jinzhou", a retired cadre of the municipal direct organs
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