Zhao Shixiu was the eighth grandson of Song Taizu and the highest achiever of the "Four Spirits of Yongjia" in the Southern Song Dynasty. At the same time, he was also the best poet in the two Song Dynasties, and there was no one.
Zhao Shixiu's representative works were included in Qian Zhongshu's "Selected Poems of Song" and praised by famous experts and scholars, including Qian Zhongshu and Chen Qianfan. It is widely believed that his poems describe the boring state of "waiting for people not to arrive" to the extreme.
However, some scholars believe that Zhao Shixiu was actually in a very happy mood after being "released pigeons". Why? Next, let's enjoy this "Guest" and see how happy this fallen emperor grandson was after being "released pigeons".
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" >, "The Guest" Original Work Appreciation</h1>
"The Guest" - Southern Song Dynasty Zhao Shixiu
In the yellow plum season, the family rains, and the grass pond is full of frogs.
There is about not coming in the middle of the night, idly knocking on the chess pieces to drop the lights and flowers.
The poem states that the event occurred after nightfall, when it was raining yellow plums and the chirping of frogs in the nearby pond. If there were guests in the room, they would not have heard frogs.
Staying in the house after nightfall, it is impossible to see the grass on the edge of the pond. Therefore, the scenery outside the house is made up by the poet's brain, because he is too "idle".
Judging from the later part of the poem, he should have asked a friend to play chess to kill time. However, the chessboard had already been set up, but it waited until midnight, and the chess player still did not come.
He felt bored, but he didn't want to do anything else, and he probably couldn't do anything else. Because in ancient times, there were no electric lights at night, no televisions, no computers, and no other recreational activities.
In addition, he did not seem to be in the mood to pick up the lamp to read at night. So I only picked up the chess pieces, and knocked on the chessboard without a moment's hesitation, and the result was that the lights on the candlestick fell.
The biggest advantage of this poem is to write "scenery" in the night, and to write "scenery" alive through imagination and sound description. The sound in the first sentence of the poem is the sound of continuous drizzle. The sound in the second sentence is the sound of frogs chirping in the pond.
There is no sound in the third sentence, but in fact it creates a gap in the front and back lines. Because at this time, the scene shifted from the noisy outdoor to the quiet interior.
Therefore, the "silent description" in the third sentence is like a "rest" in the score, so that the sound is completely stopped. When the sound of tapping a chess piece appears in the last sentence, it is clearer.
In addition to writing scenes through sound descriptions, Zhao Shixiu also connects "yellow plums" with rich natural scenes such as "grass", "pond" and "frog" through rich associations. The first two sentences are neat and tidy, and the context forms a strong contrast, which seems quite ingenious.
The poetic eye of the whole poem falls on a "idle" word. It expresses the mature, rational aesthetic of the Poets of the Song Dynasty. Ordinary people treat guests for a long time, and their hearts are definitely very impetuous. Where is the leisure to listen to the sound of rain and frogs?
People who are more anxious may take an umbrella and rush outside the house. The guest did not come to see me, I went to see the guest myself. Why do you have to stay alone until midnight and knock on the chessboard?
However, Zhao Shixiu is not an ordinary person, he is a great poet with rich imagination. While being "pigeon-released", he still has some leisure. Listening to the sound of the wind and rain outside, the sound of frogs, while pondering the current season, the grass growing on the pond.
Suddenly, his mind drifted into the room again, and he began to wonder: It's the middle of the night, why hasn't this guy come yet? At this time, everything was silent, as if there was no sound.
Following the "snap—" he knocked one of the pieces in his hand onto the board. This moment is very moving, as if it is a close-up of a movie. That sound was not only loud, but also not small, and even shook off the lights.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > two, "bitter bard" Zhao Shixiu</h1>
Zhao Shixiu is a descendant of the royal family, but his life has been very hard. In the sixth year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1170 AD), Zhao Shixiu was born in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, and there are few records of him in the historical records. The Genealogy Table of the Song Dynasty records that he was the eighth grandson of Taizu and the son of Bo Luan.
When he was twenty years old, he passed the entrance examination, but he was depressed and depressed all his life. He only served as a low-level official in the state and county as a master bookkeeper and a push official. Around the seventh year of Jiading (1214 AD), he worked in a certain transport division, and the specific position could not be examined.
Zhao Shixiu once said to himself: "After three years of official affairs, I am not busy with anything. "After being an official for three years, I actually did just a nominal idle job. In short, it could not be reused by the imperial court, and it made no difference to him to be an improper official.
The children of the ancient clan, the imperial court had its own set of management methods for them. In the Tang Dynasty, in order to prevent the collateral branch from seizing power, the royal family would gather the children of the clan in one place to live. Princes and princesses were subject to the control of eunuchs, which was like imprisonment.
Some princesses have white hair and have not yet had the opportunity to marry, and they have a very miserable life. And this system led to the late Tang Dynasty eunuchs sitting on the throne, and bullying the descendants of the royal family occurred from time to time.
At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, it followed the Tang Dynasty's management methods for the children of the clan, and still let them live in a centralized and convenient management. But after the southern crossing, it is obvious that the management is not so strict.
Therefore, as a descendant of the side branch, Zhao Shixiu can still participate in the imperial examination as an official and walk freely outside, which is already very good. However, as a distant relative of the clan, Zhao Shixiu was unlikely to be reused by the imperial court.
Zhao Shixiu himself must have understood this truth, so when he was idle, he preferred to imitate the style of Tang Dynasty poets such as Jia Dao and Yao He. He once collected more than 200 poems by Jia and Yao and made them into the "Ermiao Collection".
Later, he formed his own poetic style, which was also evaluated as "the wind of suffering". Because I am accustomed to loneliness, I can realize the fun in "idleness". A "idle" word is the unique feature of Zhao Shixiu's "Guest".
Despite this, Zhao Xiushi openly played the banner of "Late Tang Dynasty", which still influenced a large number of poets at that time and became a generation of poetry leaders.
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > concluding remarks</h1>
"The Guest", but not to invite a guest to dinner, just to invite him to play chess, obviously both people are "boring" idlers. Since there is nothing to be busy with, what does it matter if the guest does not come for a while, or if the pigeons are released, and they do not come overnight?
Leisure naturally has the advantage of leisure, if not too idle, the poet may not be in the mood to listen to the sound of yellow plum rain outside the window, and the frogs in the pond. Playing chess is to pass the time, and waiting for people is also to pass the time. Thinking about the bustle outside the house, it is also good to be in love with the scenery and have a unique pleasure.
The aesthetics of the poets of the Song Dynasty were very different from those of the Tang, and they tended to be more rational and indifferent. Jia Dao became a "bitter bard" because of his ill-fated fate, and Zhao Shixiu and Jia Dao's situation also had similarities. So he inherited his poetic style, but he opened up his own realm, appearing more calm and natural, with a long aftertaste.