Author 丨 Liu Zan
Yuelu Mountain is not high in altitude, only 300.8 meters. In 268 AD (the fourth year of the Western Jin Dynasty), the monk Zhu Fachong established the Ancient Lushan Temple here, opening the first voice of Huxiang religious civilization, and then experiencing the blessing of generations of senior monks, and entering the peak stage of incense during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. In 520 AD, Ouyang Jun, a teenager of the Chen Dynasty, studied hard next to the Lushan Temple, achieving the path of the great general, which was rumored to be a good story. Since then, the literati and inkers have stepped in, and the Tang Dynasty poets Zhang Jiuling, Song Zhiwen, Du Fu, Han Yu, Liu Yuxi, Liu Zongyuan, monk Qi Ji, etc. have either spoken wine here, or sent them off before leaving, or sung and chanted, and since then Confucian and Buddhist cultures have converged and blended here.
In 976 (the ninth year of Song Kaibao), Tanzhou Taishou Zhudong founded Yuelu Academy, ushered in the Hongru Giant School, opened up the precedent of "speaking", achieved the Huxiang Wenzong Academy, and laid the historical status of the Huxiang Literary Circle. In 1478 (the fourteenth year of Ming Chenghua), Zhu Jianjun, the king of Jijian, built the "Cave True Temple" on the top of the mountain, branding the mountain with the cultural symbol of the integration of "Confucianism and Taoism". Up to modern times, Huxiang culture has flourished, and there have been endless generations of talents and heroes; Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang, Hu Linyi, Peng Yulin, and other famous "Zhongxing" ministers have been in Charge of The New China; Tan Sitong, Tang Caichang, Xiong Xiling, and other pioneers of the Restoration have innovated and tried to strengthen; Huang Xing, Cai Yi, Jiang Yiwu, Song Jiaoren, and other pioneers of Xinhai have forgotten their deaths; and on the battlefield of the Anti-Japanese War, Huxiang's sons and daughters have stained the mountains and rivers with blood to save themselves. For a long time, this mountain has gathered humanities and the strings of the academy are endless, and on top of this green mountain, the cultural aura that has been continuously blessed has made it a spiritual highland of Huxiang culture, which has lasted for a long time and become more and more intense.
During Mao Zedong's study, dozens of people from the modern Hunan democratic revolutionary group headed by Huang Xing, Cai Yi, Jiang Yiwu, and Chen Tianhua were buried here. They threw themselves into the bourgeois revolutionary movement and overthrew the feudal system for more than 2,000 years under the leadership of Sun Yat-sen, removing the biggest obstacle to China's modernization road and turning a new page in China's modern history. Mao Zedong, who came from Shaoshan to Changsha, witnessed the whole process of the bourgeois revolution, from encountering Yuelu Mountain, to becoming familiar with Yuelu Mountain, to fascination with Yuelu Mountain, to protecting Yuelu Mountain, and deeply planted the "Yuelu Complex" in his heart.
At the same time, Mao Zedong was a great poet and had a special love for mountains. In his published poetic works, the theme of the mountain or chant involves nearly half of the occupation of the mountain. There are 3 poems involving Yuelu Mountain, namely "Sending Yu Ichiro to the East", "Qinyuan Chun • Changsha" and "Seven Laws • Comrade Zhou Shizhao", it is said that there is a joint sentence with Luo Zhanglong "The First Ascent of Yunlu Palace", and the historical books are inconclusive. Guo Moruo once had a savant comment on Mao Zedong's famous passage on The Mountain: "Mountains are also people." The creation of these three poems runs through the three most important stages of his life from the youth to the revolution, and then to the founding of New China, which shows the depth of Mao Zedong's feelings in Yuelu Mountain.
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "Every red tourist attraction is a vivid classroom that is always learning and new, containing rich political wisdom and moral nourishment. It is necessary to take these traditional revolutionary resources as vivid teaching materials for carrying out education in patriotism and party spirit. "Today, let's get close to Yuelu Mountain, to understand the "red spirit" contained in this Huxiang humanistic highland, and to interpret the "revolutionary flame" ignited here by a generation of great people.
The revolutionary sentiment of "throwing pen from Rong"
The First Normal School and Yuelu Mountain are only separated by a river, and in ancient times, students traveled between Yuelu Academy and Chengnan Academy by boat from Zhuzhangdu. Yuelu Mountain has always been a scenic spot in Hunan and a cultural treasure, and there are a large number of couplets, calligraphy and inscriptions on the mountain, and there are also many folk stories, myths and legends circulating. Mao Zedong, who loved history and culture and liked mountaineering, often came to Yuelu Mountain with his classmates in his spare time, and they either read books together to seek knowledge, or discussed the world and explored current affairs together, or climbed mountains to strengthen their physique.
In 1911, Mao Zedong came to Changsha from Xiangtan to study at the Xiangxiang Provincial High School. Coming from the countryside to the city gave him a strong thirst for new knowledge. Here, he saw something of knowledge he had never been exposed to before. Even after hearing of the failure of the Huanghuagang Uprising, he published an article commenting on political views: "Only by driving out imperialism and overthrowing the decadent Qing dynasty government can China have a way out and survive; Sun Yat-sen should be invited back from Japan to serve as president of the new government, Kang Youwei as premier, and Liang Qichao as foreign minister. To this end, he also cut off his own braids.
Half a year later, the "Wuchang Uprising" of the Xinhai Revolution broke out, and after listening to the speeches of the revolutionaries at school, Mao Zedong called on the students to support the revolutionary ideas, overthrow the Qing Dynasty, and establish the Republic of China. And he himself said to do it, and in late October he threw his pen from Rong. He was going to Hankou with his classmates, because the revolutionaries who gave the speech were Li Yuanhong's subordinates, but he heard that Hankou was very wet and was ready to find a fellow villager to borrow money to buy a pair of rain boots. When he was ready to borrow money, just as Hunan was also uprising, he decided to join the army nearby.
In this way, Mao Zedong entered the Twenty-fifth Mixed Formation Association of the Hunan New Army, the left team of the first battalion of the fiftieth standard, and became a private, and his deputy at that time was Peng Yousheng. After the success of the revolutionary uprising in Changsha, Jiao Dafeng, the governor of Hunan, and Chen Zuoxin, the deputy governor of Hunan, immediately sent a standard camp to wuhan, becoming the first province in the country to respond to the Wuchang uprising. At present, there are two Xinhai joint burial tombs on Yuelu Mountain, one is the "Xinhai Aid Ehanyang Memorial Tomb" and the other is the "Xinhai Aid Emin Five Protectors National Martyrs Tomb", which contains the bones of the Xinhai Volunteers who supported Wuhan. These people were both Mao Zedong's former "comrades-in-arms" and the "allies" of revolutionary ideas that he had first come into contact with.
In February 1912, Puyi announced his abdication, and more than 2,000 years of feudal rule came to an end. Mao Zedong saw the success of the revolution and decided to continue his studies, so he proposed to retire from the army. Peng Yousheng and others also expressed their support, knowing that he liked to eat braised meat, and specially pooled money to invite him to a meal, which was later mentioned in Yan'an's recollections. After leaving the army, Mao Zedong enrolled several times and eventually entered the First Normal School.
During Mao Zedong's study in Changsha, during the major historical periods such as the Xinhai Revolution, the Second Revolution, the Patriotic War, and the War of Defending the Law, he was deeply influenced by the ideas of Huang Xing, Cai Yi, Jiang Yiwu, Jiao Dafeng, Chen Tianhua, Yu Zhimo, and other Hunan revolutionaries. In a conversation with Snow in 1936, he recalled reading Chen Tianhua's "Alarm Clock" 30 years ago when he said: "I still remember the opening sentence of this pamphlet, whoops, China will die ... After reading it, I was frustrated with the future of the country and began to realize that the rise and fall of the country is the responsibility of the puppeteer." At the same time, Mao Zedong also praised the struggle led by Yu Zhimo to "bury the heroic martyrs Chen Tianhua and Yao Hongye of Hunan nationality" as "an earth-shattering and discipline-breaking incident."
In 1917, when Huang Xingguo was buried in Yuelu Mountain, 24-year-old young student Mao Zedong and Xiao San jointly wrote to Miyazaki Yinzang, who came to Changsha to attend Huang Xing's funeral, saying: "Mr. Huang Gong was born with spirit to help him, and died with tears. Gao Yi runs through the sun and the moon, and his sincerity moves the ghosts and gods, and what the world expects to hear is unprecedented in ancient and modern times. A student of Zhi Fan and Sawato Sho, he tasted poetry and books and was quite determined. Now I would like to see the abundance and listen to the great teachings, but Mr. Grace is blessed, and I am very fortunate!". Later, someone asked Xiao San for specific details of the matter. Xiao San replied on May 31, 1979: "Miyazaki Yin hid in Changsha, so we invited him, but did not meet, according to my memory, Mao Zedong initially worshipped Liang Qichao in his youth, liked to read the "Xinmin Cong Bao", and later learned that there was an alliance meeting, and he admired Sun Wen and Huang Xing very much, he talked many times, Sun Wen and Huang Xing were great people. ”
"Recruit friends" ask about the curiosity of learning
(Young Mao Zedong.) )
The meeting of "Zhengyou" was the real origin of Mao Zedong and Yuelu Mountain. In 1915, after the "student tide" movement led by Mao Zedong forced Zhang Gan, the principal of the First Division, to leave, the school changed three principals successively. Managing the old-fashioned and rigid teaching situation made the arrogant Mao Zedong feel that he could not stay any longer, planning to leave the school in search of great ideals and ambitions.
He once wrote to a friend: "I really don't want to study in school, I hope you come back, we organize a group, learn by ourselves." I went to the principal three times last night to ask for withdrawal." At that time, he asked for withdrawal from school by Kong Zhaoshou, the old principal of the First Normal School, who returned to continue to serve as the principal precisely because he wanted to create democratic education. Through understanding, he attached great importance to Mao Zedong's talent and ability, and after asking the original committee, he did not approve the application and did not severely criticize, but only hoped that Mao Zedong would observe and wait for a while. During this period, the school carried out a lot of educational innovation, abolished many old school rules, and introduced new teaching concepts. These reforms coincided with Mao's ideas, so he regained his confidence and dismissed the idea of dropping out of school.
He strengthened his self-study by reading books in the library and listening to lectures. Through social practice, we cultivate our ability to think independently and live independently. Mao Zedong wrote in a letter to Xiao Zisheng in July 1915: "Brother has seen in recent times that there are fewer people who have obtained books and more people who question and ask questions. The book that is devoted to tan (talk) is so ugly that although it is still as faint as before, it is not known. He believes that it is obviously more conducive to the deepening of thought among friends to debate problems and difficulties with each other.
At the same time, Mao Zedong, under the pseudonym "Twenty-Eight Painting Students", issued a message of recruiting friends in schools in Changsha. In the original text of the notice, there is the phrase "May you sing for friends, and dare to walk and call out to the general". The general meaning expressed in the whole text is: "China is in the autumn of crisis and survival, and we specially invite young people who are interested in patriotic work to organize groups to improve their character and save their talents and jointly seek a way to save the country." He also pointed out that the young friends who are solicited should be interested in learning and current politics, be able to bear hardships and stand hard work, have a firm will, and donate to the country at any time. Through this method, he wants to achieve the purpose of strengthening learning and communication, increasing insight, and making like-minded friends. Regarding the final result of making friends, Mao Zedong once wrote in a letter to Xiao Zisheng: "In recent times, friends are not widely seen, young people are not well-educated, and it is difficult to establish meritorious deeds in their prime, so they follow the sound of their voices and ask for friends. Attached is a piece of paper, your school has sages, can be introduced. Later, in an interview with the American journalist Snow, Mao Zedong recalled that he had made "three and a half" friends, and two of them had forgotten because of their different ideals, so only "one and a half" were left.
There is such a plot in the TV series of "Qia Classmate Teenager", Mao Zedong made friends for the first time called "Zhongyu Ichiro", his real name is Luo Zhanglong, is a student of Changjun Middle School, they met at the Hunan Provincial Library in Dingwangtai, they talked about politics, economy, the universe, life, from the morning to the fight, each other is very rewarding. Before leaving, Mao Zedong blurted out: I wish to tie the knot of "the friendship of Guan Bao." The second person to meet was Li Longzhi, who was also a student of Chang county Middle School. The place where Mao Zedong and Li Longzhi met was the Aiwan Pavilion at the foot of Yuelu Mountain.
(Stills from "The Boy who just studied it.") )
It was a weekend, and Mao Zedong had eaten breakfast early in the morning and rushed from school to Aiwan Pavilion. Because he came too early, and because the exchanges with Luo Zhanglong in the previous two days were very fruitful, he was very anxious about this meeting in his heart and felt a little restless. At this time, a teenager appeared on the stone road next to him, with short hair, clear eyebrows, and rich lips, and walked cautiously to the pavilion, looking at the cramped and uneasy Mao Zedong shyly asked, "Twenty-eight painters?". Mao Zedong laughed and showed him the correspondence to prove his identity. This meeting was different from Luo Zhanglong's meeting, and Li Longzhi said that he wanted to hear the reasons and purposes of Mao Zedong's friendship. So Mao Zedong started from why Zhengyou said: "We are all young people in the new era of the Republic of China, the world under the world, and the world of youth. If young people want to realize their ideals and ambitions, they must find more like-minded comrades. In ancient times, there were mountains and flowing waters, and the friendship of Bao Bao should unite with us today with all the young people who are interested in saving the country...".
Mao Zedong walked in the pavilion and spoke, getting more and more energetic, constantly waving his arms, and his voice became louder and louder, he said, "Mr. Liang Qichao said that today's responsibility is all in my youth. If the youth is strong, China is strong, if the youth is progressive, China is progressive, and if the teenager is strong on the earth, then China is strong in the earth... With my boundless ambition, we must steam upwards, shout fearlessly, shout vigorously, wash away the old of China, develop the new of China, and do not succeed in anything...". The more he spoke, the more energetic he became, and he said, "Reckless and reckless, who can match my youth?" Even if the strength of one person is limited, the strength of our progressive youth will surely gush into a torrent, crush everything, and be unstoppable, ushering in a brand new world for our Chinese!" He was so excited that after he finished speaking, beads of sweat were already rising from his forehead, and his eyes were full of heat. He quieted down and waited for Li Longzhi to respond, but Li Longzhi was completely immersed in Mao Zedong's generous speech, and only returned to his senses after half a ring, only to ask "Brother Mao... Done?". Mao Zedong replied, "It's over." Li Longzhi didn't say a word, turned around and was about to leave. Mao froze and asked him, "Where are you going?" Li Longzhi replied, "Aren't you done?" Mao Zedong said, "Haven't you spoken yet?" Li Longzhi ignored him and rushed down the mountain. Mao Zedong cried and laughed, but there was no way, so he had to let him go.
Among the "one and a half" friends he made, Luo Zhanglong was a real one. In the late winter of 1915, Mao Zedong invited Luo Zhanglong to climb the Yuelu Mountains. In the early morning, he left the south gate of Changsha and crossed the river to Zhu Zhangdu to discuss the academic influence left by Zhu Xi and Zhang Yu in Hunan. After a short rest in the Inferiority Pavilion, the two agreed to ascend to the Yunlu Palace from the phoenix mountain and the tianma mountain to the north and south, and the first to win.
At that time, it was a time when the snow was closing the mountains, the ice was saga, and there was no trace of birds. The two of them walked hard in the bitter wind, stepping on the snow and ice. For two hours, Luo Zhanglong climbed the Beihai Monument Pavilion and saw from the gaps in the trees that Mao Zedong was still struggling to walk on the path of the Yinxin Hut. After the two met, they climbed the Yunlu Palace on the top of the mountain together, and they pointed out the country and the mountains, and they had a lot of feelings. It was not until the evening that he came down from the mountain, stopped at Hexitai, and read the joint rhyme poem of Zhu Zhang and The Two of Them: "Boating In Changsha Zhu, Zhen Ce Xiang Shan Cen." The smoke clouds are changing, and the universe is poor and deep. Nostalgic for the ancient heroes, worried about the gentleman's heart. Send words to the dust guests, mangs who can find. At this moment, isn't this also the same for Mauro's feelings for his best friends? Until the early 1980s, Luo Zhanglong, who was already 80 years old, said vividly in the "Wandering Poems of Kang Zhai Khan" that "we" left a poem at that time, "The First Landing of Yunlu Palace" Joint Sentence: Gong Pan Zhu Zhangdu, layers of ice rise orange Ting. Birds chirp and the maple path is silent, and the wood falls slightly. Climbing dangers to call on couples, pan empty knowledge Jian Ling. Hexi Lian rhymes in, a thousand years of Virtue. On the long revolutionary road, they successively initiated the establishment of the Xinmin Society, joined hands in going north, participated in the May Fourth Movement, established communist groups, and entered the early leadership core of the Communist Party.
Regarding Li Longzhi, who counted as "half a friend", they met again seven years later. In 1921, Li Longzhi, who had returned from studying in France, reported to the Xiang District Committee of the Communist Party of China, and Mao Zedong was the secretary of the Xiang District. He arranged for Li Longzhi to live at home, during which he also proposed that Li Longzhi change his name, first to "Li Nengzhi" according to the harmonic sound, and then to "Li Lisan". Later, Li Lisan became one of the leaders of the early Chinese Communist Party, the leader of the Chinese workers' movement, and organized the Anyuan strike. This also reflects that although there was not much exchange at the time of the meeting at the Aiwan Pavilion, in fact, Mao Zedong's speech had a profound impact on this "half a friend", and it seemed that "listening to the words of the jun is better than reading ten years of books".
The struggle of the "barbaric physique"
On April 1, 1917, Mao Zedong published an article entitled "Research on Sports" in the Progressive Magazine New Youth, introducing the physical exercise programs he used: "sunbathing, wind bathing, rain bath, cold water bath, swimming, mountaineering, camping, long-distance trekking, gymnastics and boxing, etc.", which he believed was both physical and mental exercise. He also wrote in his diary: "Struggle with the sky, the fun is endless!" Struggle with the ground, the fun is endless! Struggle with people, the fun is endless!".
According to Liu Ang (Cai hesen's niece), one evening, Mao Zedong entered the door and shouted: "He sen, let's climb Yuelu Mountain together!" It was sunny when they went, and then it rained heavily. It wasn't until the weather cleared the next day that cai and sen's mother asked them where to hide from the rain at night, and they replied: "We walked to the Yuwang Monument, encountered heavy rain, and simply took a bath." This experience of climbing the mountain in the wind and rain has gradually become a common hobby for them. They often set off from the Aiwan Pavilion, climbed all the way to the Yunlu Palace on the top of the mountain, and then walked back from the Yunlu Pavilion back to the Aiwan Pavilion, neither opening an umbrella nor wearing a bucket hat, so that the rain drenched the whole body. Then wear all-soaked clothes to the home of Ban Xuezhai or ZhouJiatai Cai and Sen to have a conversation, and then return to their own residence, which they call "rain bath".
Yang Changji was not opposed to their method of exercise, and once introduced this kind of activity to students from other schools when he gave a speech at other schools. It is said that this is a study of the Shang Shu Yao Dian, when Yao inspected Shun, Shun "accepted in the Foothills, fierce winds and thunderstorms and fans". And praise this exercise activity, which has the effect of cultivating the courage and will to resist the invasion of nature and all the outside world.
In addition to the "rain bath", air bath, wind bath, and camping are also activities they often do together. According to the diary of Zhang Kundi's Annals, on September 23, 1917: "Early this morning, with Cai Mao's erjun, he went up the foothills of Yue on the side of Cai Junju, along the ridge, and went down the mountain after the academy, with a cool breeze and a refreshing air. Air bath, wind bath, clear mind, open and far-sighted. "Didn't go back until 11 noon.
At the same time, they often camped all night in the Deep Mountain Wild Forest around the Yuelu Mountain Yunlu Palace, the Aiwan Pavilion, and the Junzi Pavilion in the orange island head and the mountain behind the school. There is a record about camping: "When night falls, the tourists in Yuelu Mountain gradually become scarce. Mao Zedong and a few other comrades who were camping, carrying small mats, walked all the way to the pavilion and spoke in the cool, until late at night. They spread mats in or on the grass beside the pavilion, and in order to ensure the freshness of the air, the mats were spread at a considerable distance from each other. One morning, a few tourists came to Yuelu Mountain and saw a man asleep on a bench under the open air next to the temple, his head and feet covered with newspaper. The tourist woke him up, he moved, turned over, packed up the newspaper, got up and left. This man was Mao Zedong. It turned out that there were many mosquitoes on the mountain at night in the summer, so he had to cover himself with a newspaper to sleep. This kind of camping activity, even to the day of frost, they are still insisting. ”
Among the school students, Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen and Zhang Kundi were like-minded, and they often went to Yuelu Mountain together to study and exercise, discuss personal future and national events, and were known as the "Three Masters of Yuelu". In addition, their academic and moral conduct are the best in the class, and they have been unanimously praised by the teachers and students of the whole school. In June 1917, the First Division launched a "character selection" (polling nature) activity to examine students' academics and conduct, and each person could vote up to three votes, and each vote could only choose one person. There were 12 classes in the school, with 575 participants, Mao Zedong ranked 1st, and Zhang Kundi ranked 4th. In the 64 days recorded in Zhang Kundi's Diary, they bathed once in the rain, slept in the open 2 times, climbed the mountain 5 times, and swam 24 times. Swimming, mountain climbing, cold bathing and other projects, Mao Zedong persisted for decades, until his death. He once recalled: "It probably helped a lot to strengthen my physique." I later made many round-trip marches in Southern China, from Jiangxi to the Northwest, and I especially needed such a physique. ”
On April 21, 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping said during a survey at a primary school in Shaanxi: "Now children are generally glasses, which is my hidden worry. There is also the health of the body, which has declined due to less physical exercise. Civilization its spirit, barbarism its physique, I mean 'barbaric its physique' is to strengthen the body. "A healthy physique, a strong will, and an optimistic attitude are the basic conditions for rejuvenating the nation and achieving great rejuvenation." The enhancement of physical fitness and the promotion of health among adolescents are related to the future of the country and the nation, which is a "heavy and important matter" and an "urgent and important matter".
The ideal feeling of "Yuelu New Village"
In September 1915, Chen Duxiu founded the Youth Magazine in Shanghai, pointing out that "ethical enlightenment is the last enlightenment of our people", marking the arrival of the early New Culture Movement. Soon, the studious Mao Zedong and his classmates gathered around The New Youth, and they began to explore questions such as "how to make the lives of individuals and all human beings upward." From 1915 to 1917, through hundreds of discussions, they concluded: "To gather comrades, to create a new environment for a common life."
In May 1917, Tan Yanmin's second governor, Yang Changji contacted Yi Peiji, Yang Shuda, Hu Yuanqian and others to propose to the provincial government to establish Hunan University, and after the proposal was adopted, Yang Changji was appointed as the director of the Preparatory Office. At the beginning, the preparatory office was located in Yang Changji's home, and later moved to Yuelu Academy. With Yang Changji's consent, Mao Zedong, together with Cai Hesen, Zhang Kundi, Chen Shunong, Xiong Zirong, and others, moved into the Half-School Of Yuelu Academy, the "Preparatory Office of Hunan University", and began their life of living under the Yuelu Mountains in the Half-School. The Love Evening Pavilion is very close to the Half School Pavilion, and as soon as they have free time, they will meet together to read and talk in the pavilion, and in the summer, they will sleep and cool off here. They are all poor students, in addition to completing self-study, they live a hard life of wearing straw shoes on their feet every day, going up the mountain to cut firewood, carrying water by themselves, and boiling rice with broad beans and rice. But they were not worried about poverty or suffering, and they read their favorite books every day, sometimes concentrating on the Aiwan Pavilion or Yunlu Palace to discuss philosophical and current affairs issues.
This period of hermitage life under the Yuelu Mountains has gradually given rise to a new "dream", that is, to build a "new village" and establish a "new village" life in their ideal of equality and mutual friendship for everyone. Here, they often conduct in-depth discussions around "gathering comrades, creating a new environment, and living together", and they "have a quiet life and a lonely life, a flipped and moving life and the pursuit of group life". In the winter of 1917, Mao Zedong, Cai and Sen began to plan to organize a group, which was immediately responded to by the students. On April 14, 1918, the "Xinmin Society", a group of "pioneers in the founding of the party", was formally established at the home of Cai hesen at the foot of Yuelu Mountain.
In June 1918, Mao Zedong graduated from the First Normal School. He and like-minded classmates set up the "Work-study Comrades Association" to experiment with his dream of "new village". Mao Zedong believed that schools were only one aspect of education, and that there was also the family and society. If only the reform of school education is carried out, it is not necessary to improve the family and society at the same time. Then it is the so-called "lifting the middle and leaving it up and down, gaining one and losing the other.".
After their investigation, they found that most of the students after graduation, "more mandarin cities are not happy in the countryside." Rural life is not what it is used to, and thus not enjoyed. As a result, there are no students in the countryside, and there is a lack of "backbone people" to carry out the "happy" social transformation program. To this end, he conceived a very ideal "new village" plan, and designed the overall structure of "new school, new education, new society". He believes that the creation of new schools and the implementation of new education must be linked to the creation of a new family and a new society. Students are members of the creation of new families and can be the seeds of the creation of new societies. He admired the practice of Russian youth, in order to spread socialism, to go to the countryside and the peasants. Therefore, in his "new village" plan, it is stipulated that the workplace of the students of the "new school" "must be in the countryside" and the work content of the students "must be the work of the countryside". The aim is to "develop the habit of being happy with the countryside." Secondly, the new people living in the "new village" practice "reading and working at the same time".
The young Mao Zedong arranged the time of day in this way: 8 hours of sleep, 4 hours of leisure, 4 hours of self-study, 4 hours of teaching, and 4 hours of work. The work items are "all rural", including planting gardens, farming, planting forests, animal husbandry, planting mulberries, and chicken and fish. Specifically: "There are two kinds of planting gardens, one kind of flowers and trees, which is a garden." One vegetable is a vegetable garden, the two are equivalent to what people call school gardens, and if they are expanded, they are botanical gardens. The cultivation of the field is mainly cotton and rice, large wheat, sorghum, shu huang, etc. can also be planted between, planting forests and mountains, students once hand planted, although out of school and still left the materials made, can increase their nostalgia for the old love of the heart of the alma mater. Animal husbandry such as cattle, sheep, pigs, etc., can be raised separately within the range of possible livestock breeding. Silkworm breeding must first plant mulberry, mulberry into silkworm feeding, both boys and girls can be. Raising chickens and fish, also produces one of the items, and the students like to do it also. Again, this "new village" of the trinity of new schools, new families, and new societies, which contains "public nursery schools, public nursing homes, public schools, public libraries, public banks, public farms, public work factories, public consumer cooperatives, public theaters, public hospitals, parks, museums, and autonomous associations", is a self-sufficient unit of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and sideline fishermen in all industries.
At this time, Wu Peifu and Zhang Jingyao's troops had entered Hunan, the warlords were fighting each other, the school buildings were occupied, and they were living a life without a meal, but in order to find this new place of life, they did not consider the immediate life and personal future problems, and what existed in their minds day and night and hung on their lips was: "Where are they going, where are they going in Hunan, where is China going, and what methods are they using to solve these many complicated problems?" A couplet hanging in the monuments of Yuelu Mountain, "Clouds and Mountains on All Sides, Ten Thousand Families Are Happy in Their Hearts" (Ming Jiaqing Jinshi Chen Outline inscribed for Yueyang Lou in Hunan), which is exactly a portrayal of his mood at that time. To this end, they almost traveled all over Yuelu Mountain, and traveled to the villages near Yuelu Mountain, repeatedly discussing and studying these issues, and at the same time finding a suitable place for the construction of a "new village".
Mao Zedong once said in the preface to "Students' Work" published in the Hunan Education Monthly in 1919: "I have dreamed of a new society and a new life for several years, but there is no way. In the spring of seven years, I wanted to invite a number of friends to set up a 'work-study comrades' association in 'Yuelu Mountain' on the other side of the provincial city, engaged in half-cultivation and half-reading, because they could not stay in Hunan for a long time, and I also had a trip to Beijing, and nothing was decided. This spring, when this kind of imagination occurs again, there is a plan to build a new village in Yuelu Mountain," but soon after, the matter of "going to France for work and study" was again delayed. After that, Mao Zedong visited the "Women's Work-study Mutual Aid Group" run by Wang Guangqi, and experienced the work-study life in Shanghai at the invitation of Peng Huang, and always felt "uncertain".
In a letter to Xiang Jingyu on November 25, 1920, Mao Zedong wrote: "In the past few months, I have seen through it, the political circles have become deep, corruption has been deepened, and there is no hope for political reform. We can only ignore everything, open another way, and create another law of the environment." From December 1920 onwards, the 'Shinmura doctrine' gradually began to fall silent.... Although in essence, the young Mao Zedong's "new village" ideal is a kind of "utopia" and has certain defects, but this has also become a major opportunity for the ideological transformation of young Mao Zedong and others, who learned from the failure of the "new village dream" to reform the road to save the country and promoted the turn to the road of proletarian revolution.
The theoretical sentiment of "seeking truth from facts"
"Seeking truth from facts" comes from The Book of Han and the Biography of the King of Hejian in Ban Gu's "Study well and seek truth from facts". The original intention is to pay attention to the factual basis for doing research in order to draw accurate conclusions. In 1917, Yuelu Academy was rebuilt into "Hunan Public Industrial College", and the principal Bin Bucheng inscribed a plaque with the inscription "Seeking Truth from Facts", and on both sides was equipped with a couplet of "Good Work Will Benefit, Industry Proficiency in Diligence and Absurdity in Play", with "Industry" Tibet First Link, encourage students to study diligently and pursue the truth. When Mao Zedong boarded Yuelu Academy and saw the plaque of "seeking truth from facts", it also stimulated his in-depth thinking on "seeking truth from facts". In the play "Qia Classmate Boy", there is such a clip:
Mao Zedong came to Yuelu Academy with his classmates from the weekend "book club". Seeing the "Millennium Academy" plaque hanging, Xiao Zisheng said: "Some people say that it took a long time to condense a little history, a large period of history, only to condense into a little culture, the weight of culture, since ancient times." This is the land of China's thousand-year-old culture, although there are only these four simple words, but the weight of it is really the weight of Mount Tai. Cai Hesen also expressed an opinion, he muttered: "Since ancient times, there have been two kinds of people who have traveled to famous mountains and rivers: one is to understand people, have deep accumulation, and have hills and valleys in their chests, so they see culture in a simple place, and they have temperament in plain and white; One is a confused person, who only knows how to search for curiosity and win, and even more people are attached to the elegant style, do not know what to call, it is really bad to step on these famous mountain scenery. ”
They also had some arguments around "only Chu has talent, Yu Si is sheng". Xiang Jianyu pointed at everyone at that time and asked, "Are we counting Yu Weisheng now?" Taos smiled and replied, "People are thousand-year-old academies, so they dare to say so, how old are we?" Xiang Said to the police, "That thousand years is a thing in the past, and it may be us in the future." Cai hesen replied, "Don't dare to expect extravagantly." Xiao Zisheng said in a deep voice, "Why not?" There are talents in the Jiangshan generation, each leading the way for hundreds of years. How do you know that it will not be you and me in the future?"
I later found evidence of this in an essay. The author of the article is Luo Xuezhan, who wrote: "People should regard the world as one family, and regard China as one." Therefore there are troubles in the world, that is: the troubles of my family; China has difficulties, we know: my own difficulties are also. I will think of the afflictions of my family, so I will drain them, save them, and oblige them. He also said, "He who is educated is the one who seeks my kingdom." This is the responsibility of our people, and the duty of the borrower is also. "At that time, the oldest group of people, the oldest was twenty-three or four years old, and the youngest was only more than ten years old, and they were able to have the world in mind, the country and the people, which was a rare realm and noble sentiments.
General Secretary Xi Jinping is also very impressed by the couplet at the gate of the college, and in September 2021, he stood on the front of the college and said: "Only Chu has materials, Yu Si is prosperous", which refers to the abundance of talents in Hunan and the generation of talented people, but also refers to this great era. The new era is an era of heroes, and the time comes for young people. Admonish students: "I hope that you will live up to your youth, shaohua, and times, cherish the time, study well, tie the first button of life, and contribute your wisdom and wisdom to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation." ”
When he finally came to the plaque of "Seeking Truth from Facts", Mao Zedong interpreted: "When Zhu Xi was reading "Zhongyong", he was always confused about the heart and sex in "Zhongyong", so he discussed with Zhang Yu, who was a student of Hu Hong, believing that 'unfulfilled is sex, and having been developed is the heart, advocating 'first examine the truth, and then maintain it', which is the beginning of the Huxiang School's application through the ages. Later, the Huxiang School combined the cultivation of this mental nature with the application of the scriptures, and like Zhang Yu, he studied the "Art of War of Sun Tzu" and believed that the "Art of War of Sun Tzu" was something that every Confucian student had to study. Wang Chuanshan also set up a society here, called 'Xingshe', the line of action. Zeng Guofan also specifically explained seeking truth from facts, saying that seeking truth from facts is 'knowledge of qualities', studying learning requires qualities (exploring laws), that fact is a thing, and we want to seek heavenly reason from the middle of facts. Whether it is Zhu Fuzi or Wang Yangming, no matter how many sages are full of learning, they are just hurried visitors. Only these four words left over from the Western Han Dynasty are the essence of Yuelu Academy and the fundamental place where Huxiang has been used through the ages. ”
Although TV dramas do not exclude creative elements, in fact, the formation of Mao Zedong's "seeking truth from facts" thought is closely related to the influence of traditional Chinese culture "practical learning". Mao Zedong was interested in three thinkers of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. The first is the materialist philosopher Wang Fuzhi, who opposed Cheng Zhu Lixue's proposition of "preserving heavenly reason and destroying human desires" and the transcendental theory of "being born to know", and emphasizing "after doing prophets"; The second is Yan Yuan, a thinker of practical studies, who advocates attaching equal importance to "xi dong", "practical learning", "xi xing" and "practical application", and advocates cultivating talents who are both literate and martial and who are practical in the world; The third is Gu Yanwu, and Mao Zedong greatly admired Gu Yanwu's study style of "footprints half the world" and "considering his mountain and river customs, suffering and benefiting from illness, such as pointing to the palms of the palms".
These three prominent thinkers who opposed the science of science all had a profound influence on the young Mao Zedong, who copied their views into his Lecture Hall Records. His "Records of the Lecture Hall" also records Zeng Guofan's remarks such as "not talking big, not making a false name, not doing empty things, and not talking about excessively high reasons", and analyzed and commented, "The ancients are studying for the sake of learning, focusing on acting" and "studying behind closed doors, their learning is useless, and they want to learn from everything in the country under the heavens." Therefore, Mao Zedong advocated very early on that "we must read both books with words and books without words", that is, we must learn from practice. In the summer of 1917 and the spring of 1918, Mao Zedong and Xiao Zisheng successively traveled to some counties and townships in Hunan to conduct social investigations. This habit of respecting facts and paying attention to investigation developed in his youth became the prototype of his ideological line of seeking truth from facts in the future, and his works such as "Analysis of Various Classes in Chinese Society" and "Report on the Investigation of the Peasant Movement in Hunan" benefited from his emphasis on seeking truth from facts and investigation and research.
In 1941, Mao Zedong opened the prelude to the rectification of the wind in Yan'an with the glorious document "Transforming Our Learning". In this document, he carried out a creative transformation and innovative development of "seeking truth from facts", giving "seeking truth from facts" a new connotation of Marxism: "facts" no longer refer to ancient texts, but to "all things that exist objectively"; "Yes" no longer refers to "yes" in the sense of "right and wrong", but to "the internal relations of objective things, that is, regularity"; "Seeking" does not simply refer to research, but to in-depth "research". Here, Mao Zedong transformed the connotation of "seeking truth from facts" from the original meaning of the text to the party's ideological line. The greatest historical merit of the Yan'an rectification style is to eliminate the poison of dogmatism represented by Wang Ming, which is divorced from reality and runs counter to the spirit of seeking truth from facts, enabling the whole party to establish the ideological line of seeking truth from facts and the guiding position of Mao Zedong Thought, enabling the whole party to achieve unprecedented unity of understanding and organizational unity, and laying an ideological foundation, pointing out the direction of progress, and providing methods and guidance for the victorious advancement of Marxism in China.
In 1943, the Central Party School built a large auditorium, and people asked Mr. Fan Wenlan to write an inscription. Fan Wenlan pondered, "What to write?" He tried to write a few pieces, but he felt dissatisfied, and suddenly he had a clever move: "Please ask Chairman Mao to write!" Mao Zedong was invited to dip himself in thick ink, and on a two-foot square piece of linen paper, he wrote four sheets in a row, one word at a time, and the four words of "seeking truth from facts" were displayed in front of people's eyes. Soon, these four large characters were carved on four stones two feet square and embedded in the gate of the Central Party School in Yan'an.
The original feeling of "returning to Yuelu"
Aiwan pavilion is the essence of the humanities of Yuelu Mountain, where Mao Zedong often studied and instigated the Chinese revolution before the founding of the Communist Party of China, and it was also the place where he wandered in his youth. In 1952, the Hunan Provincial People's Government allocated funds to renovate the Aiwan Pavilion. Li Da, president of Hunan University, petitioned Chairman Mao to write a plaque with the inscription "Love Evening Pavilion," and the chairman gladly agreed. On National Day in 1952, President Li Da composed "The Reconstruction of the Love Evening Pavilion":
Near the Aiwan Pavilion, the best scenery, is the essence of Yuelu Mountain, spring peach blossoms shine in the eyes, winter autumn leaves full of mountains, white cranes, green maple two springs, converge here, clear and can be learned. Whenever the sun sets, the sunset and frost leaves are set off, weaving a beautiful picture. In the spare time of work, come here to visit and see, you can restore the fatigue of the day.
Tang Dynasty Du Mushiyun: "Far up the stone path of the Cold Mountain, there are people in Baiyunsheng, parking and sitting in the maple forest at night, frost leaves red in February flowers." This poem is a portrait of this landscape. This is the origin of the name of Aiwan Pavilion. Speaking of aiwan pavilion, it has a historical relationship with Chairman Mao Zedong, the great leader of our Chinese people, when in 1921, two or three years before the founding of the Communist Party of China, Chairman Mao twice lived in the semi-study hall of Yuelu Academy, and he and the revolutionary martyrs Cai Hesen planned the Chinese revolution, and often used this pavilion as a venue for discussing the issue of the Chinese revolution, so this pavilion became one of the sources of Chairman Mao's revolution.
The pavilion fell into disrepair, and the special merchant asked the Hunan Provincial People's Government to allocate funds to build another one, to sort out the environment, and when it was completed, he wrote to Chairman Mao to personally inscription the plaque and hang it on the pavilion to admire it with funds.
On June 19, 1955, Mao Zedong changed from Nanchang to Changsha and proposed to "arch an arch" in the XiangJiang River. At that time, Zhou Xiaozhou, secretary of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee, saw that the Xiang River was swollen and the water quality was turbid after the rain, and for safety reasons, he and Zhou Shizhao dissuaded it. Zhou Shizhao suggested: "The Xiang River is rising, the river surface is wide and deep, and it is not convenient to swim. The chairman smiled and said, "You don't speak layman's words!" Didn't Zhuangzi say, 'If the accumulation of water is not thick, then its negative boat is also powerless'. The deeper the water, the greater the buoyancy, of course, the more convenient it is to swim, how can you say that it is inconvenient?" This is also because Chairman Mao and Zhou Shizhao were good friends for many years and knew that he had a wealth of knowledge of literature and history, so he quoted the classics and persuaded them. Therefore, the provincial party committee arranged overnight to mobilize boats and swimmers to prepare for support work.
The next morning, Chairman Mao launched water from across the river and swam all the way to the shore of Orange Island, which lasted more than an hour. After disembarking, he changed into gray cloth clothes and wore a straw hat, boarded the boat from the beach of Zhoutou, entered the dock of Zhaozhou Port in xiaohe, and then went to the nursing home for honored soldiers and cadres under the mountain, and visited more than 100 honorary soldiers and cadres and soldiers in the nursing home. After coming out of the nursing home, he took a car to Yuelu Mountain and revisited the old place.
The convoy arrived directly at Baihe Spring, where he met Mr. Yang Shuda, a great educator and language writer waiting at Baihe Spring, and then climbed the mountain together. At that time, there was no car at the top of Yuelu Mountain, the mountain was steep and the road was tortuous, and everyone could only climb the stone steps step by step. The province specially prepared 3 palanquins for the chairman, Cheng Qian, Yang Shuda and several other elderly people to ride, but only Mao Zedong resolutely refused to sit in the sedan car. He insisted on taking the lead in walking, although the road was not easy, but he walked very fast, and talked and laughed with everyone, along the way to the culture of Yuelu Mountain. In particular, for "a rain hanging on the river white, the isolated city across the shore of the blue" (author Cheng Songwan, 1865 ~ 1932, Hunan Ningxiang people), "southwest clouds come to Hengyue, day and night under the sound of the river dongting" (author Huang Daorang, 1837-1891, Hunan Anfu people, Anfu is now Li County) and other Yuelu Mountain Yanglian, the memory is still fresh, for this reason also deliberately searched for a bit, to inquire about the whereabouts. Relevant personnel told him: "Yuelu Mountain was once devastated by the japanese imperialist aggression and war, and it was gradually restored after the founding of New China, but it was too late to restore the original appearance of couplets and poems. ”
After climbing to the top of the mountain, Mao Zedong, who had swam and climbed the mountain, felt a little hungry, and when he looked at his watch, it was almost two o'clock in the afternoon. Therefore, I proposed to invite everyone to have lunch at Wangxiang Pavilion and invite everyone to taste the flavor of Hunan. He personally ordered braised pork, fried pork liver, vegetables, peppers, egg soup (four dishes and one soup), plus a wild fruit he ate during the camping style meal when he was a student. He said to Li Yinqiao, the bodyguard, "Today I invite you to try Hunan cuisine." The practice of Hunan cuisine is inseparable from chili, tempeh, soy sauce, high heat, red pot, and stir-frying, and everyone can taste it carefully. ”
After eating, although Mao Zedong consumed a lot of physical strength, he was still energetic, like a young man, talking and laughing with everyone. Zhou Shizhao then said to Mao Zedong: "You are already a person in your sixties, and you can still cross the Xiang River, climb Yuelu Mountain, and race through many young people." If you tell young people the truth about today, they will be extremely happy to learn from you. ”
When it went down the mountain at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, it rained lightly, so the party went directly to Yuelu Academy. In the middle of the school, Mao Zedong recalled that more than 30 years ago, he and Cai he sen had built a "new village" under the Yuelu Mountain, and also talked about his young friends Xiao Zisheng and others, and Zhou Shizhao once again ascended the Hexi Platform.
After returning home, Zhou Shizhao felt that he was on this trip, and his heart fluctuated and he could not sleep at night. The seven laws of "From Chairman Mao's Climbing yuelu Mountain to Yunlu Palace" were sent to Beijing: "The sound of the rolling river walks through the white sand, and the fluttering flag and shadow roll red xia." Straight up to the cloud foothills of three thousand zhang, to see Changsha millions of homes. The homeland has been empty for several years, and the east wind is full of green mulberry. The southern tour has seen Sheng Pingle, and he uses the book to praise Wuhua. In October of that year, Mao Zedong also gave a poem "Seven Laws • And Comrade Zhou Shizhao" as a response: "The Spring River is wandering for a while, and then stepping on the peaks to see the eyes open." The wind blew the waves from the oasis, and the rain came up the mountain from the green field. ZunQian talked about laughing people still, and the chicken worms outside the territory were sad. Mo sighed that Shaohua was easy to pass away, and thirty years were still in Hexitai. This poem still hangs on the Hexi platform in Yuelu Academy.
This is a poem donated by Mao Zedong and an old friend of the past, so it is the most popular. At the same time, it is also a beautiful and moving political lyric poem. The first half of the poem is written in the scenery, the scenery is magnificent, and the realm is vast; The second half focuses on lyricism, sincerity and open-mindedness. The whole poem is written from scene to lyric, from Changsha to the international community, reflecting the broad mind and deep thinking of a leader. In particular, "Mo sighed that Shaohua was easy to pass away, and thirty years still came to Hexitai". This poem reflects Mao Zedong's open-mindedness and confidence in China's future, as well as his deep nostalgia for the countryside of his homeland when he was studying in the past.
The ecological sentiment of "green water and green mountains"
The scenery of Mao Zedong's YongyueLu Mountain originated from the poem "Qinyuan Spring Changsha". In the autumn of 1925, Mao Zedong set off by boat from Orange Island to Guangzhou, the center of the national revolution. At this time, he was full of style, radiant, enthusiastic, talented, and full of spirit. Looking at the beautiful scenery of "the foothills are red all over the shore and the layers of forests" on the other side, the Turquoise and Clear Xiangjiang River is close up, the boats in front of you are racing to drive, looking up at the eagles spreading their wings and flying high, and watching the fish swim briskly. The beginning of a "look" character, from far and near, from high to low, from the outside and inside, depicts a colorful autumn scene seen at the head of the independent orange island. The whole poem combines movement and stillness, contrasts sharply, and the mood is surging with emotion, not only admiring the magnificence of the splendid rivers and mountains, but also lamenting the sinking of the great rivers and mountains. It also became an unforgettable picture of his life. After compiling it into a collection of Mao Zedong's poems, he used this as an opening chapter.
Because of the close origin and connection between Yuelu Mountain and Huxiang culture and modern revolutionary history, in 1949, Hunan was peacefully liberated, and the Changsha Garrison Headquarters was just established, and a notice was promulgated to "protect The famous attractions of Yuelu and strictly prohibit the illegal felling of trees". Later, in 1957, the Yuelu Mountain Management Office was established, so that it was well protected. In mid-June 1958, Mao Zedong, accompanied by Zhou Xiaozhou, toured the scenery of Yuelu Mountain, and they drove on the road from The town of Yuwan to Yuelu Mountain. Mao Zedong looked out of the car window and saw that some places on Yuelu Mountain had dug stone pits, and there were still rock slides like waterfalls, and some small hills had been cut in half, and he immediately asked Zhou Xiaozhou next to him: "How did Yuelu Mountain become like this?" Zhou Xiaozhou replied that it might be ore. Mao Zedong immediately demanded that the Hunan Provincial Party Committee quickly stop it, and that the scenery and appearance of Yuelu Mountain should not be destroyed by quarrying. In the early days of the founding of New China, the mountains and rivers were broken, the economy was withering, and everything was in ruins waiting to be rebuilt. The country's primary task is to actively carry out industrialization and economic development, and to put the national economy on the right track, so Yuelu Mountain will inevitably be destroyed. However, in Mao Zedong's mind, the game between "cultural protection" and "economic construction" was very clearly weighed by him. Changsha is a famous historical and cultural city, historical sites, cultural monuments, cultural heritage, is a part of the city's life. If the cultural heritage is destroyed, the city will be built new and good, and it will lack vitality.
In the 1950s, yuelu mountain lake to Yunlu Palace on both sides of the road, Aiwanting to Lushan Temple in the area of a few large trees, other places are bare, from the bottom of the mountain you can see the Yunlu Palace on the top of the mountain, you can also see the tomb of Huang Xing and the monument of King Yu. In the late 1950s, the Changsha municipal government called for afforestation on Mount Yuelu, and the government units of Changsha City and teachers and students of yamashita colleges and universities took advantage of Saturday volunteer labor to go up the mountain to plant trees, and the tree planting extended from the north of the mountain to the south (after the present-day Maplewood Hotel), mainly planting masson pine. By the 1960s, Yuelu Mountain began to grow tea, and the tea forest was near the Wanjing Garden on the south peak, with an area of 120 acres, which was produced and managed by the second garden team, and 63 acres still exist today. Another orange orchard was planted on the hillside near Jianshe Village and Jixian Village, planting 2230 seedless honey oranges, divided into three varieties of morning, middle and late, so that when the oranges matured from the beginning of October to the end of December, orange-yellow oranges were often seen hanging from the branches. By the 1970s, through the accumulation of afforestation in different periods, there were about 500 mu of new and old oil tea forests in Yuelu Mountain. After the 1980s, afforestation has begun to show results, and it is already full of greenery. By the beginning of 2000, the forest coverage rate of Yuelu Mountain had reached 96%, and the area around the Qingfeng Gorge of Aiwanting was already an ancient tree. In recent years, Yuelu Mountain has vigorously practiced the ecological civilization idea of "green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains", focusing on the construction of "two-type scenic spots", focusing on ecological governance, taking the main line of protection of ancient trees and famous trees, laying a solid foundation for forest disease and pest control, creating red maple, Yingshan red, bauhinia and other landscape bright colors, so that Yuelu Mountain, the green pearl embedded in the ancient city of Changsha, is more brilliant and dazzling!
As General Secretary Xi Jinping said at the National Conference on Ecological and Environmental Protection in May 2018, the construction of ecological civilization is a fundamental plan related to the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. The Chinese nation has always respected and loved nature, and the Chinese civilization that has lasted for more than 5,000 years has bred a rich ecological culture. When ecology prospers, civilization prospers, and when ecology declines, civilization declines.
Looking back at history, 100 years ago, "Marxism in the Ravine" created a miracle of economic development and political stability that is rare in the world; More than 70 years ago, the People's Republic of China was founded; Now, we are firmly ranked as the world's second largest power, "Sky Eye" sounding, "Jiaolong" diving sea, "Shenzhou" flying, "Chang'e" moon landing, Mozi "transmission", high-speed rail Mercedes-Benz, Beidou networking, supercomputing "fa wei"... These achievements, Yuelu Mountain has a source, these historical facts, Yuelu Mountain has witnessed, these stories, Yuelu Mountain will continue to tell well.
[Editor-in-Charge: Liao Huiwen]
[Source: Hunan Daily· New Hunan Client]