Yang Jisheng, the character Zhongfang, the number Jiaoshan, directly under the Rongcheng people's clan.
Chao Shi Twilight wanted to talk about Jiajing Dynasty and talked about a lot of characters. Those with high authorities such as Zhang Xuan, Xia Yan, Yan Song, Xu Jie, etc.; feudal governors such as Hu Zongxian, the governor of Southern Zhizhe, and Weng Wanda, the governor of Xuanda; there were also Qi Jiguang, a Confucian general of northern Mongolia; and Hai Rui, who was known for his honesty and integrity. But there is another person we have to mention, he is the famous advisor of the Jiajing Dynasty - Yang Jisheng.
Portrait of Yang Jisheng
Friends who know this history should be clear that Yang Jisheng is famous for his two articles and his tragic ending. A "Please Strike Ma Shi Shu", straight to the chest, commenting on the current situation, the rhetoric is gorgeous, throwing a sound; a "Please Curse the Thief and the Minister", passionate, Zheng Zheng is proud, worried about the king and the people, and goes forward. Later, he was framed and imprisoned by Yan Song's party and beheaded at the mouth of the vegetable market, which added a bit of tragic heroism. When people mourn and respect, posterity sighs and looks up to them. But you also need to know that in addition to Yang Jisheng's indomitable wind and bones, his talent and character are not inferior. This time, Chao Shi Twilight wanted to talk to everyone about Yang Jisheng.
<h1>The sword came out of the sword, Yang Jisheng's life was outlined</h1>
Yang Jisheng was born into a poor peasant family. At the age of 5, his father took a concubine. Yang Jisheng's mother took Yang Jisheng and his sister out to live alone and rely on each other for their lives. When he was 7 years old, his mother died, and the siblings had to defect to their father again. During the period, people were cold and warm, and Yang Jisheng was bittersweet and self-aware.
It was hard to be able to study while herding cattle, but when I was 11 years old, my father died. Because his brother and sister-in-law did not want to see him, Yang Jisheng had to live in a ruined temple with a monk. Monks often went out to chant the scriptures, and Yang Jisheng did some miscellaneous work in the temple. During this period, he still did not forget to concentrate on his studies, and often read by the moonlight at night. The "Yang Zhongxuan Collection" contains:
Taste the lack of oil at night, every reading under the moon, the night is without a guard, the legs and stomach are often frozen, and the turn around the room begins to heal, and its bitter cover is difficult to say
Yang Jisheng inscription
After a little longer, Yang Jisheng studied under a teacher surnamed Li. The teacher has a unique insight, attaches great importance to Yang Jisheng, and pours his heart into teaching, and Yang Jisheng's academic progress is very fast. Unfortunately, the teacher soon fell ill. The other students all looked elsewhere, and only Yang Jisheng stayed behind to serve the teacher day and night. Yang Jisheng had no money, but in order to seek medicine, he did not hesitate to starve and hiked for more than 100 miles. The teacher finally left, and Yang Jisheng was deeply saddened.
When the plague was prevalent. The monk who had accompanied him fell ill. Everyone avoided him from afar, only Yang Jisheng still stayed behind to take care of him. When Yang Jisheng's brother saw the situation, he was so frightened that he would not allow Yang Jisheng to return home. Under the meticulous care of Yang Jisheng, the monk finally recovered. Ironically, at this time, Yang Jisheng's brother and sister-in-law were also infected. Yang Jisheng took care of the two again without complaint, and even recovered. His righteous deeds were unanimously praised by all.
Twenty-six years after Jiajing, Yang Jisheng, who studied hard, finally won the jinshi, the eleventh place in the second division, at the age of 32. Later, he served as the chief of the Nanjing Bureau of Inspection and Sealing (in charge of civil officials' knighthood, praise, and pension, etc.), from Liupin.
Jiajing Emperor Stills
In the twenty-ninth year of Jiajing, Yang Jisheng was promoted to the rank of Foreign Lang, a driver of the Army, from Wupin because of his excellent results in the examination. The Nanjing officials' comments on Yang Jisheng were also recorded in the "Yang Zhongxuan Gongji":
The instrument is deep and ambitious, the learning is fierce and strict, the Confucian practice occupies it, and the dream becomes a magnificent dedication, which can be greatly accepted.
In the same year, the Mongol Jurchens went south, the soldiers approached the Beijing Division, and plundered for five days, that is, the "Change of Gengji".
When Yan Song, Qiu Luan, and others were preparing to open a market discussion with the Ministry of Answering, Yang Jisheng went to the "Please Strike The Horse City" and proposed that the "ten inabilitys and five falsehoods" of opening the market were unsuccessful. Yang Jisheng was imprisoned, degraded, and made a di daodian history.
Didao, at that time, was a mixed area of ethnic minorities and Han Chinese, many Hui, Tibetan people. The so-called canonical history is in charge of the county's arrest and imprisonment, and there is no grade anymore, which is considered to be a class of officials.
However, Yang Jisheng did not give up on himself, during his tenure, he visited the people's feelings, eased ethnic contradictions, built schools, dredged rivers, opened coal mines, and even pawned family wealth when he was short of money during the period.
After the horse market was abandoned, Qiu Luan was liquidated, and Yang Jisheng was revived.
Mongol cavalry
In the thirty-first year of Jiajing, Yang Jisheng served in Zhucheng Zhi County, Shandong, the chief of the Nanjing Household Department, the member of the Punishment Department Wailang, and the military selection division member Wailang.
In the thirty-second year of Jiajing, in the first month, Yang Jisheng went to "Please Curse the Thief and The Minister", and the spearhead pointed directly at Yan Song, counting Yan Song's "ten major sins and five major adulterers". The Jiajing Emperor was furious and went to Zhao Prison.
Jiajing was finally executed for thirty-four years at the age of 40.
<h1>A sublime, great and truly ordinary Yang Jisheng</h1>
Twenty-six years after Jiajing, Yang Jisheng officially entered the career path. Twenty-nine years before Jiajing, Yang Jisheng had been an official in Nanjing.
We know that since Zhu Di moved the capital, Nanjing has been retained as a strategic capital. Although it has a complete central office system, except for the Nanjing Military Department, which has some real power and busy affairs, the other yamen are basically very idle, and are almost used as a place for many officials to idle and recuperate.
Therefore, Yang Jisheng was in Nanjing, and he could not contact Beijing's specific inner circle and related confidential matters. And these three years have almost become Yang Jisheng's most prosaic and leisurely and happy time.
In the twenty-ninth year of Jiajing, Yang Jisheng was transferred to Beijing. Nanjing's three years of leisurely and uneventful official history did not cultivate his smoothness and sophistication in the official field, nor did it consume his pure heart of loyalty to the king and the country.
Yang Jisheng Collected Writings
Please strike the horse city
During the Gengshu Rebellion, the rampant Mongol iron riding on the outskirts of Beijing made him sad and indignant; Yan Song, Qiu Luan's proposal to open a market and trade, made him very worried. Therefore, one has no money, the other does not matter, a Yang Jisheng who has just been transferred to the capital is not familiar with the land, the chair is not yet hot, resolutely played "Please Strike Ma Shi Shu" and asked the imperial court not to restore the tribute with Mongolia.
From a long-term objective point of view, restoring the tributes of the Ming Dynasty and Mongolia as a whole has more advantages than disadvantages, and the history of the Dynasty has also specially written an explanation on this. Yang Jisheng was born in poverty, only three years of official age, and he was out of the inner circle of the government for many years, and many things were not something he could see clearly and thoroughly at that time.
Interested friends can take a look at the article "Please Strike Ma Shi Shu", which has a large number of pages about restoring tribute with mongolia, how to lose power and humiliate the country, damage the face of the king's court, cause the people to feel cold, and be unstable. as:
...... Fukaima Cityer, the alias of the Peace Council also... This great vendetta against the world... This lost faith... This damages the weight of the country... The utility of this Kui Haojie... This open side of the door... This long beard lightens the heart of China...
Border mutual market view
The reason why the Jiajing Emperor felt embarrassed after seeing this letter was because Yang Jisheng's statement that the opening of the market would damage his face was actually in line with the jiajing emperor's wishes. However, at that time, mongolia was powerful, and many times it promoted talks with war, and even hit the outskirts of Beijing, and after the Jiajing Emperor hesitated, he still allowed the market to open. But Yang Jisheng's name was remembered by the Jiajing Emperor.
But don't underestimate Yang Jisheng, if the imperial court must open the market, he also put forward five suggestions:
First, he will be ordered to serve his beloved son; second, he will be ordered to return the border people he has captured; third, after the opening of the market, he will fall into the Kou and be responsible for guaranteeing the contract; fourth, he wants to equalize the price of horses and divide it into three classes; fifth, he wants to reorganize his troops into a war garrison, and not to neglect his heart.
Okay, didn't you expect Yang Jisheng to have this kind of vision. Let Li Da send protons, release the prisoners, jointly defend the territory, lower the price of horses, and rectify the border reserves, Yang Jisheng's combination of fists can be said to greatly guarantee Daming's rights and interests and test the sincerity of Li Da. Unfortunately, it was not adopted.
Yang Jisheng's request to the imperial court to strike the market was simply based on the Confucian concept of loyalty to the king and serving the country. With the position of a small soldier and a foreigner, and with the feeling of worrying about the king and thinking of the people, he dared to directly discuss the major military and political affairs of the DPRK and China, and this boldness and uprightness had to be admired.
Impeach Yan Song
The request for a strike was not accepted by the Jiajing Emperor, but Yang Jisheng was imprisoned, suffered from flesh and skin, and was demoted and released. Soon, Yang Jisheng's bad prediction in the previous "Please Strike Ma Shi Shu" was fulfilled, and Qiu Luan's bribery to Li Was also revealed, and the Ma Market was suspended. And the Jiajing Emperor also remembered Yang Jisheng again.
Thirty-one years after Jiajing, Yang Jisheng returned to Beijing again, and Yan Song deliberately extended an "olive branch" and elected him as a foreign lang of the military selection division. Because the Martial Selection Division is responsible for the promotion and transfer of military generals, it is a complete fat difference. But Yang Jisheng remained unmoved. At the end of the same year, Yang Jisheng was ready to impeach Yan Song, and in the first month of the thirty-second year of Jiajing, he was officially impeached, and the famous ancient and modern "Please Curse the Thief and the Minister" was officially released.
Yan Song like
Here, Chao Shi Twilight wants to see with you first the officials and the fate of the previous part of the impeachment of Yan Song.
In the sixteenth year of Jiajing, Yushi Sangqiao, impeached Yan Song for losing the favor of the state, was impeached by the court staff, Shu Jiujiang; Jiajing twenty years, Yushi Yejing, impeached Yan Song for corruption and favoritism, was deprived of his post by the court staff; Jiajing twenty-one years, gave Shen Liangcai in the matter, Yushi Tong Hanchen jointly impeached Yan Song for embezzlement, Shen was stripped of his post, and Tong was demoted; Jiajing twenty-two years, gave Zhou Yi in the matter, impeached Yan Song for private power, was put in prison by the court staff; Jiajing twenty-nine years, the chief xu Xueshi, impeached Yan Songke withheld military pay, was stripped of his post; Jiajing thirty years, Jinyi Wei Shen Lian, impeached Yan Song for ten major crimes , degrading officials beheading...
This is just the tip of the iceberg, except for the impeachment launched by Xu Jie in the forty-first year of Jiajing, Yan Song was an invincible presence in the Jiajing Dynasty before, and all the officials who impeached him did not have a good ending.
With so many lessons from the past, Yang Jisheng is not unaware of the fate he may face. And Yan Song also recommended himself in order to win him over, and as soon as this impeachment came out, Yan Song was bound to be furious, and the situation was bound to be extremely dangerous.
Yan Song Stills
His wife Zhang Shi cried several times, begging Yang Jisheng to give up, and even let him resign and return to his hometown. After the completion of the recital, Yang Jisheng also hesitated several times, and even burned his own recital. But Yang Jisheng is still Yang Jisheng, the cries of his relatives, the hardships of life, the fame and fortune of the officialdom, and even the tragic fate that is still faintly visible cannot shake his enthusiasm for the country and the people, "Although there are tens of millions of people, I am going to die"!
In the thirty-second year of Jiajing, on the eighth day of the first lunar month, yang Jisheng fasted and bathed for three days, and Shangshu impeached Yan Song, listing his "ten major sins and five major adulterers", and the dynasty boiled over.
The same is the impeachment of Yan Song, why did Yang Jisheng's "Please Curse the Thief and the Minister" have such a big response? Because this is a death sentence, the piles of Yan Song's crimes listed in the text are enough to cause Yan Song's death penalty, and there is a great picture of you dying and I dying. And Yang Jisheng has no power, no power, and no factional support, this impeachment is completely out of personal indignation, many people in the DPRK and China lament Yang Jisheng's courage, but also very much agree with him to say that he has hidden in their hearts for many years, and public opinion is in an uproar.
Yang Jisheng Xinzha
Yan Song naturally counterattacked, using the text "The emperor may ask the second king, make him look at Chen Song evil", and provoke the relationship between the Jiajing Emperor and the two princes in front of the Jiajing Emperor, so as to involve the matter in the party's dispute. The Jiajing Emperor was sure to succeed in the plan and sent Yang Jisheng to prison.
Yang Jisheng once again paid the price because of his own integrity. From the perspective of people with hearts, although the whole text of "Please Curse the Thief and the Minister" is talking about Yan Song's guilt, it is actually punching the Jiajing Emperor in the face. as:
...... The emperor is a spy of thieves... The Emperor's Words are the Thief Song's Way Dogs... The emperor's minions are the thief's affair... The eyes and ears of the emperor are the slaves of the thieves... The emperor's courtiers are many thieves and song's confidants, and this is his five traitors.
Although he was honest and honest, it was tantamount to saying that the Jiajing Emperor was faint and incompetent, and had been completely overthrown by Yan Song. Therefore, it was inevitable to anger the Jiajing Emperor. Compared with Xu Jie's later trick of using Yan Shifan to preserve the face of the Jiajing Emperor and provoke the Jiajing Emperor's antipathy towards Yan Song from the side, it was obviously much more immature. However, this is Yang Jisheng, a proud and never yielding Yang Jisheng.
<h1>A loyal servant is also a good person</h1>
As the old saying goes: Willing to be a good minister and not a loyal subject. Because the fate of loyal subjects is often not satisfactory. At the same time, Xu Jie chose Liang Chen, and Yang Jishengyi became a loyal minister without hesitation.
Xu Jie like
Loyalty comes at a price. After being beaten by Jinyiwei, Yang Jisheng's legs began to infect and rot. First on the right leg, Yang Jisheng cut off the rotten flesh with a broken bowl; then the left leg, due to the high degree of ulceration, borrowed needles and knives from the jailer, lifted the epidermis with needles and threads, and used the knife to cut open the wound, "the flesh is exhausted, the fascia is hung, and the hands are cut off."
The cell was dark and damp, Yang Jisheng was seriously injured, and the physical and mental pressure was extreme, during which he was unconscious several times. But Yang Jisheng is still gritting his teeth and insisting, he is still fighting. Against the world, against adultery, against fate.
Friends wanted to come to visit him and deliver medicine for him, but Yang Jisheng refused several times. Because he was afraid that Yan Song would anger them. He was well aware of his wife's strong personality, and wrote a suicide note in prison to repeatedly warn her not to die.
For the children, Yang Jisheng used simple language in his suicide note to teach them how to be people, govern their studies, and govern their families, full of their father's ardent expectations and sad helplessness that they could not accompany.
Thirty-four years after Jiajing, Yan Song finally killed Yang Jisheng with ruse. Soon, Yang Jisheng's wife Zhang Shi also hanged herself.
Yang Jisheng Ancestral Hall
If the country lives and dies, it is better to avoid it because of misfortune and happiness.
Yang Jisheng is a typical representative of the many officials of the Ming Dynasty. And the style and integrity of many officials in the Ming Dynasty are indeed admirable. When state affairs are difficult and the people are in difficulty, someone always needs to stand up and say something to the country and the people, and do something. Yang Jisheng is by no means foolish, on the contrary, what supports him is a belief in patriotism and love for the people. It's a faith.
Yang Jisheng did not die in vain, and in the first year of Longqing, Emperor Mingmuzong rehabilitated him with the posthumous title of "Zhongcheng". In the second year of Longqing, the people of his hometown built an ancestral hall for him to commemorate it. And Yang Jisheng's iron backbone and unyielding spirit of serving the country and the people will always inspire future generations.
Finally, Chao Shi Hui would like to end this article with the comments of the Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty:
There are two hundred and seventy years of Yuanguanming, and loyal ministers often have them, but as for not being strong and wearing a diaphragm, they are not as good as Yang Jisheng. Those who were tragically killed and killed to become benevolent were no better than Yang Jisheng.
References: "History of the Ming Dynasty", "Yang Zhongxuan Gongji", etc
Asahina thinks, there are always some dry goods that can be excavated in history.