In 219 AD, it can be said that Shu Han was a node on the downhill road, after which Shu Han did not go well. First of all, this year, Sun Quan attacked Jingzhou and captured Guan Yu, and Wu Shu formed a hatred. Two years later, Liu Bei declared himself emperor, and in order to retake Jingzhou to avenge Guan Yu, he planned to personally lead a large army to fight. Unexpectedly, from the beginning, Zhang Fei was killed by his subordinates Zhang Da and Fan Qiang before he set out, and then Liu Bei's army was almost completely destroyed.
On April 24 (June 10) of the third year of Zhang Wu's reign (223), Liu Bei was so angry that Yiling suffered a fiasco and fell ill and died in the White Emperor's City. Eastern Wu defended Jingzhou, while Shu Han suffered heavy losses, losing not only a large number of soldiers and supplies but also a number of generals killed. Liu Bei's death further crumbled the country built on his fame, and it took Zhuge Liang about five years to rebuild his army and quell the rebellions.
After the Shu Han state strength was stable and reached the realm where it could send troops, Zhuge Liang made non-stop preparations to attack Cao Wei. In the fourth year of Jianxing (228), the Wei Emperor Cao Pi died and Cao Rui succeeded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang believed that the time was ripe. In the fifth year of Jianxing (227), Zhuge Liang wrote the "Table of Departures", and then led an army with Zhao Yun into Hanzhong. At that time, Zhuge Liang was full of ambition, he would not have thought that this time it was another big defeat, and the degree of pain was no less than the Battle of Yiling.
The State of Wei was unaware of Shu Han's plans, and saw that when the Shu army was killed, it was chaotic, and the three counties of Nan'an, Tianshui, and Anding were powerless to resist. Guo Huai of Yongzhou had to retreat to Shangyi to await rescue, and in an instant, only guangwei and longxi counties refused to surrender. Unexpectedly, when the situation was good, the street kiosk was lost, and Gao Xiang and Wei Yan had to retreat to avoid being surrounded. On the other side, Zhao Yun also sent troops unfavorably at the Chu Chuan Road, and the Shu army instantly lost its favorable situation, and the first Northern Expedition, which had a great shock to Cao Wei, failed.
The consequences of this failure were very serious, and the four subsequent attacks failed to complete the goal of reviving the Han Dynasty. During the last Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang himself also fell ill and died on the Front Line of Wuzhangyuan, and after his death, Jiang Huan was still quite ok. After that, there was no successor, and these Northern Expeditions cannot be said to have completely dragged down the Shu Han, but they did bring a serious economic burden to the Shu Han. Secondly, from zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition, the 11 generals who died can also see how badly they were defeated.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="16" > three were disposed of by military law</h1>
The key to the defeat of the first Northern Expedition was the loss of the street pavilion, and the loss of the street pavilion was because of Ma Mo's insistence on going his own way, and Zhuge Liang understood the importance of the street pavilion. He deliberately promoted Ma Mo, which sent him, and before going, he also made it clear about the importance and deployment. He also asked Ma Mo to draw up a geographical map of the mountains and rivers of the street kiosks and the location of the camp immediately after his arrival.
Partial Horse Tan was self-righteous, and neither listened to Zhuge Liang's arrangement nor heed Wang Ping's persuasion. As a result, he was surrounded by Zhang Gao on a lonely mountain, cut off the water source and fell into civil unrest, and he abandoned his army and fled. No matter how much he liked Ma Mo, Zhuge Liang must also behead him, otherwise it would not be enough to calm the hearts of the army. According to the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, Zhang Xiu and Li Sheng, Huang Xun, and others who were killed along with Ma Mo were also dismissed from their posts and stripped of their military power.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="15" > seven battlefields killed in battle</h1>
There were also seven battlefields of death, they were Yang Qun, Ma Yu, Yan Zhi, Ding Li, Bai Shou, Liu Guo, and Deng Tong, these people and the first three. They were all newly trained generals of the Shu Han Dynasty, and although their deaths were not too serious a blow to the Shu Han regime, they were also influential. It's like they are the bricks that the next generation of the Shu Han Dynasty need to build walls, and now that the bricks are gone, they have lost more than a dozen at once.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="11" > one died of an infection</h1>
There is also the departure of Zhao Yun, thanks to Zhao Yun's aftermath, the loss of military resources and personnel during the first Northern Expedition retreat was not large. Due to the failure of the Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang demoted himself to the third rank, and Zhao Yun was also demoted to the rank of general of the Zhen Army. However, Zhuge Liang still praised his merits as a guard, but on the way back to the army, Zhao Yun fell ill and died. His death among the five tiger generals was relatively good, and he had a good ending, but it was a blow to Shu Han.
With such a sudden death of a veteran and no one who can take over, how can Shu Han still sustain himself? It can be imagined that the lack of a famous general liang shuai to succeed him is not one of the reasons for the demise of shu Han. In the sixth year of Jing Yao (263), 180,000 Wei troops marched south in three ways, and Deng Ai made a strange plot to smuggle Yin Ping directly to Chengdu. In November of the same year, the later lord Liu Chan went out of the city and surrendered, and the Shu Han dynasty perished.
Reference: Romance of the Three Kingdoms