Xia Qing, formerly known as Geng Shaoguang, was born in 1927 in Hulan County, Heilongjiang Province. In his early years, he studied in the Civil Engineering Department of Harbin First National High School, and after graduation, in order to make a living, he worked as an assistant to the civil engineering teacher and a teacher of Majiagou Primary School at Harbin Institute of Technology. In 1948, he was admitted to the Chinese Department of the Faculty of Letters of Northeastern University, and participated in the progressive organization "China Democratic Youth Alliance" in the school. In 1949, he entered the Xinhua News Agency's training class for news cadres. In May 1950, he graduated from the Beijing Journalism School and worked as an announcer on the Central People's Radio, changing his name to "Xia Qing", meaning "Chinese youth", and began his broadcasting career for forty years.
As the first generation announcer of New China, Xia Qing was praised as the "voice of the motherland" for its majestic broadcast, profound content, rigorous logic, appropriate proportions, and shocking voice. But behind Xia Qing's brilliant broadcast career, many people do not know that illness is another theme in his life.
In 1949, Xia Qing suffered from acute arthritis while studying in Xiangshan, and later became chronic, and the disease followed him all his life. After Xia Qing's death in 2004, Fu Hua once had this memory: "[Teacher Xia Qing] sometimes became very ill, and when he got up, his whole body was stiff, so he tied a rope to his stiff foot, pulled up his foot and took a step forward, and then he untied the rope and tied it to the other foot to take another step, which made people look particularly sad."
For Xia Qing, using a rope to help walk has become a norm, and fighting against illness has become a habit of life. What has changed is time and place, what has not changed is patience and perseverance. Whether it's dealing with illness or work, for forty years, he's been on the road, taking one step, one step at a time.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="5" > start by chance</h1>
On that sleepless night on October 1, 1949, in order to celebrate the birth of the People's Republic of China, Changchun City held a grand lantern parade. As a member of the "China Democratic Youth Alliance," Xia Qing also participated in the parade. But he did not expect that this day would become a turning point in his career and even his life.
Xia Qing, who had just returned to the campus after participating in the parade, received a notice from the school asking him to report to the Beijing Journalism School. The predecessor of the Beijing Journalism School was the Xinhua News Agency News Training Course, with the main purpose of cultivating journalistic talents and improving the political theory level and news business literacy of news propaganda and related personnel. This time, he asked the northeast region to recommend ten trainees, and Xia Qing was one of them.
Xia Qing received the notice and registered for the exam, and the result was successfully passed. In this way, at the age of 22, he bid farewell to the short life of Northeastern University Chinese department and came to beijing journalism school. There, he went through seven months of intense study. At the beginning of May 1950, he and several other trainees were assigned to work at the Central People's Radio.
At that time, the group of students who went with Xia Qing were all studying editing and interviewing, but the radio station was in urgent need of broadcast personnel. In a hurry, the radio station decided to let all of them who could speak northern dialects audition, and Xia Qing naturally included them.
Perhaps by fate, this audition is somewhat "tailor-made" for Xia Qing, who has a unique voice. Xia Qing's father was a Chinese language teacher, and when Xia Qing was young, his father stipulated that he had to read the ancient Chinese aloud several times a day. In elementary school, he participated in the oboe program and participated in the lecture competition. In middle school, he won first place in a singing competition. Later, when he studied at Northeastern University and Beijing Journalism School, he also participated in the singing team... All these experiences have sharpened Xia Qing's good voice. There is no doubt that in the end, he was chosen for his outstanding voice talent. A few days later, Xia Qing walked into the somewhat mysterious broadcast room, sat down in front of the microphone, and began his broadcasting career.
Everything is difficult at the beginning, Xia Qing, who has just entered the radio station, although her voice talent is high, but there are many difficulties in the problem of word pronunciation. There was a difference between his Northeastern accent and the Standard Mandarin for broadcasting, with Beijing pronunciation as the standard, and sometimes he even pronounced "Guo" as "Guo", which required him to change it word by word. Gülen, who was also an announcer, became his teacher, and whenever he said a wrong tone, Gülen learned from him, laughed at him, and used this method, but it prompted him to be stubborn and determined to attack the pronunciation. In those days, Xia Qing carried the initial dazedness, and the effort made was enormous. Gülen once said, "In order to learn the standard pronunciation, he broke the dictionary." The journey of a thousand miles began at this time.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="12" > is an idu line</h1>
With the determination not to accept defeat, Xia Qing "has long insisted on the basic skills training of voicing words and making sounds." (6) From the war period of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, to the peaceful period of economic construction, to the period of reform and opening up after the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee, he has always consciously adhered to the training of this basic skill.
With the diversification of radio programs, Xia Qing also strives to adapt her broadcast language to this change through various learning channels. In response to his weakness in voicing, he "learned from his sister art connoisseurs, successively learned syllable vocalization from music conservatory teachers, learned to spit out pronunciation from single-string actors, and learned pronunciation methods from film school teachers." Until the 1960s, he had already made achievements in the field of broadcasting, and he still humbly asked the linguist Mr. Zhou Dianfu for advice, listened to the recordings repeatedly, and practiced diligently.
According to the Kangxi Dictionary and the Supplement appended to the book, there are more than 40,000 Chinese characters, more than 5,000 commonly used, and the announcer needs to master more. While Xia Qing has long insisted on voicing characters and making sounds, she has also worked hard to learn and master the glyphs, sounds, and meanings of each Chinese character, and to understand its provenance, ancient and modern evolution process, and interesting anecdotes. In the end, he had the reputation of "living dictionary" and "word and sound government". As soon as someone asks him for advice on a difficult word, he will immediately tell them in detail the pronunciation and meaning of the word, and will open the reference book to verify that his statement is correct. His rigor and seriousness have run throughout his broadcast career.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="16" > practice thousand curves, view a thousand swords</h1>
In addition to the "word and sound government" and "living dictionary", Xia Qing also has a title of "Lafayette" in the broadcasting industry. These titles, no matter which one they are, reflect Xia Qing's erudition in a certain way.
When she was a student, Xia Qing studied both engineering and liberal arts, and her knowledge was relatively comprehensive. After stepping into the workplace, in addition to constantly training the basic skills of broadcasting, he also seized every opportunity to absorb nutrients from other disciplines with hunger.
Xia Qing loves classical literature, and visiting the Liulichang Old Bookstore was the greatest pleasure of his life. He once specially bought a set of "Spring and Autumn Left Commentary" without punctuation, and used his spare time to study it carefully. In the blank space of the book, his fly-headed letters were densely filled. This created his deep classical literary skills and contributed to his broadcasting career. He once explained difficult classical literary works in the "Reading and Appreciation" program of the Central People's Radio, which was loved and praised by the vast number of audiences.
In addition to classical literature, Xia Qing has long been committed to the study of linguistics and phonetics, and constantly summarizes his discoveries and gains, as well as his accumulated practical experience in the broadcasting process, writing phonetic research articles, such as "The Problem of Heterodoxic pronunciation in Mandarin Broadcasting", which he also read at the first annual meeting of the Beijing Linguistic Society in 1983.
Xia Qing likes to talk about the three "ten thousand", that is, "read ten thousand books, travel thousands of miles, and make ten thousand friends". Only by reading and learning, thick and thin, can we learn and learn. He demanded so much of others, and he demanded of himself. Many people praised Xia Qing's political articles as "reasonable," "powerful," and "disciplined," and possessed "a politician's mind" and "orator's agility." This is not unrelated to his erudition.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="22" > also taught</h1>
Putting aside the events before June 1950, xia Qing has been on the road of continuous learning and accumulating knowledge since sitting in the broadcast room of the Central People's Radio in June 1950. After decades of precipitation, he gradually formed his own broadcast style, gradually formed his own broadcast theory knowledge, and gradually formed his own broadcast work principles.
He taught young announcers to "read three times" and "think twice." The so-called "three readings" means that after getting the manuscript, you must read it three times: the first time you should read it roughly, grasp the macroscopic view, understand the whole, if you read it carefully, you will fall into it; The second time to read carefully, word by word to dig out their own do not understand and errors, grasp the internal logical connection of the article; The third time is read roughly, in case the second time is read and analyzed, it will turn into the details of the article. The so-called "three thoughts" is to think after analyzing the article: the first is to put the article in a large space-time background to examine; The second is to put the article in the whole program to examine; The third is to put the article in the audience to consider, from the comparison between broadcasting and listening to think about the actual communication effect. These two theories were of great help to many young announcers later, and the inspiration for many peers was also profound.
Xia Qing's excellent theoretical knowledge and broadcasting skills have made him a model for many industries and fields to learn. He was one of the leaders of the State Radio and Television Department, the Education Department and the Central People's Radio to promote Mandarin Chinese, and did a lot of work to promote Putonghua; Because of his knowledge and achievements in Chinese phonetics, he was elected as a director of the Chinese Chinese Society in 1980, and later appointed as a member of the Pronunciation Review Committee by the Chinese Character Reform Committee. A lot of times he plays the role of a teacher, and he loves it very much.
Xia Qing is very concerned about the growth of young announcers, he has taken the initiative to undertake the work of tutoring young announcers, going deep into grass-roots stations and stations to guide the work of young announcers, and also teaching broadcast short training classes. He is also often invited to the Broadcasting Department of Beijing Broadcasting Institute to teach, contributing to the construction of the team of young announcers. At the same time, he also directed the broadcast, and taught classical literary masterpieces such as "Book of Poetry" and "Chu Ci" to the announcers of the broadcast department and the station broadcast department. Although classical literature is Xia Qing's beloved, to really tell others, he has to pay a lot of effort to learn. Every time he prepares a lecture note, he has to look up a lot of information and write the handout in great detail, so that when he is speaking, he can really let everyone gain something.
In front of young people, Xia Qing is a senior, a teacher, but he is never complacent. He always considered himself a "learner" and was good at listening. Many editors, journalists, young comrades and even recorders sometimes give him advice, and he can listen to them and choose meaningful positive improvements. Fu Hua once recalled: "What impressed me very deeply was that every time after studying a unit of the course, Teacher Xia Qing would come up with a question to test us, and at that time there was a question about the interpretation of the word 'elder', and when he judged the paper, he deducted my points because I wrote the meaning of 'master', and I pointed it out, and he immediately went to the dictionary without saying a word, and accepted my opinion very peacefully and modestly."
From the accidental prelude to the brilliant ending, Xia Qing played a magnificent and touching song of the broadcast career through her own efforts. On the road of broadcasting and even the whole life, Xia Qing has never stopped moving forward. His life was a life on the road. This life, because of walking, so wonderful! (Young Journalist, Issue 07, 2013, by Mao Wenzhi)
Gülen (born 1933, famous broadcast artist, the first generation of female announcers of the Republic) is a familiar name to her peers in the Republic. In the 1950s and 1960s, whenever there was important news, it was mostly broadcast by Gülen and her husband Xia Qing. Their voices have become a kind of memory that people can't leave in that era.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="31" > in front of the microphone, your voice belongs to the party and the people</h1>
"What does an announcer do?" Isn't that just a draft broadcast? That was Gülen's idea before he applied for the announcer. In 1951, 18-year-old Gülen entered the Central People's Radio with a loud voice and clear words.
After joining the Central People's Radio, Gülen took on the role of broadcasting the "Record News" program. "At that time, during the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the volunteer army's scribes hid in the trenches to listen to our newspapers, copied word by word, and then mimeographed them into tabloids overnight and distributed them to the soldiers on the front line." You can imagine how precious these tabloids with information about the motherland and relatives are in the war-torn Battlefield of Korea. "So, in order not to make it difficult for the scribes, I had only one thought, don't make a mistake." Gülen said.
"The warriors all say that it is the voice of the motherland, the voice of the mother, and many people will not hesitate to protect it with their lives... It is also the moving stories of the volunteers and the enthusiastic letters that we continue to receive, which make us truly appreciate the sacredness of broadcast work. Gülen even received two snow-white enamel jars from volunteer soldiers from the front. It was a condolence that the warriors themselves were reluctant to use.
In the early 1950s, Record News was tasked with conveying all sorts of major news to all parts of the motherland. In order to allow the scribe of the program to record the entire content of the broadcast, the announcer should not only speak slowly, but also speak clearly, but also explain when encountering confusing or strange words... In the broadcast, Gülen always remembered one sentence: "You can't broadcast it wrong." Accompanied and encouraged by these words, Gülen cultivated his ability to concentrate highly. In the studio, except for the manuscript in front of me, everything else has nothing to do with me. Rigorous work attitude coupled with the usual serious study, so that Gülen rarely makes mistakes in broadcasting, even in the face of temporary manuscripts, without any preparation time, Gülen can broadcast verbatim.
At that time, the broadcast conditions were relatively simple. Gülen recalled that in the summer, each person would put a piece of ice next to him to cool down; There were few people at that time, and as soon as we went into the studio, we were seven or eight hours old, and we were so tired and dizzy after a shift. But people are in a good state of mind and never cry out for tiredness.
In this way, Gülen has been working in the microphone for more than 40 years, the voice has spread all over the world, and the discourse has nourished the audience for generations. "Karma is good at diligence" is a topic that Gülen repeatedly said. She said: "Sitting in front of the microphone, you must be fully engrossed and not careless, and then your voice no longer belongs to you but to the party and the people."
"At the beginning of my work, the old comrades often very seriously warned me that I must carefully prepare drafts, ask more questions, and look up the dictionary for words I don't know, and I can't take it for granted, otherwise it will cause irreparable impact." In this way, since 1951, Gülen has been responsible for the broadcast of various programs on the Central People's Radio, sitting in the broadcast room every day, facing the small microphone, using his voice to spread the party's principles and policies to thousands of households, and sending joy and sorrow to the ears of hundreds of millions of listeners!
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="39" > pronounce "Spring River Flower Moon Night" as "Night Moon Flower River Spring"</h1>
Beginning in 1959, Gülen began working as an announcer for The News and Newspaper Digest, a position he held until his retirement. Previously, Gülen had also worked as an announcer for children's programs, and in order to make her broadcast better serve children and parents, she went to Beijing Normal University to audit the courses of pedagogy and psychology in her spare time. Later, due to the Cultural Revolution, her husband Xia Qing was sent to work, and Gülen was also affected, interrupting normal broadcasting work. One day, the "News and Newspaper Digest" program was about to start, but the announcer of the day was still absent, and in a hurry, Gülen was temporarily called into the broadcast room by the leader. Gülen quickly entered the state, emotionally broadcasting the manuscript verbatim. Since then, Gülen's name has reappeared on the show's broadcast list.
Glen is reluctant to say more about her past achievements and brilliance, but what she remembers most is her own jokes and "accidents".
Sometimes in between broadcasts, there's usually a minute or two of music, which was a technical job for the announcer at the time. Gülen said: "Now it is all with digital equipment, the operation is very simple, it only takes a few seconds to complete. And we were all old records, with a red letter on it, and it said who sang it. In the evening, we have less news content, and we can take a few breaks in between, so we can find a few records to broadcast. Two big turntables, one on one side, the hardest thing is to turn over the record, to be quick. Once I accidentally flipped the record, and the record actually flew out. I quickly picked it up and picked it up, and I was in a mess. Thankfully, nothing went wrong. It's a deceptively simple job, but it requires the announcer to be multi-tasked. ”
Another time, when Gülen played music, he pronounced the name of the song as "Night Moon Flower River Spring", and an old editor suddenly wondered, what kind of song is this, never heard of it? After taking a look at the record, the old editor squatted on the ground happily, and the words on the original record were read backwards by Gülen, and the title of the song was "Spring River Flower Moon Night". "The order of the words on the old version of the record is different, and I didn't pay attention to it. Fortunately, no audience member wrote to pick the mistake later. Glen was anxious for a long time about this.
In those days, Gülen's voice could be heard on several channels such as "children's programs" and "news programs". Between seriousness and liveliness, her voice switches seamlessly. "Probably because my voice is more malleable, I can control any program."
However, Gülen's favorite is the broadcast of literary and artistic programs, because you can watch the masters of different genres perform in the theater. For a long time, she was often assigned the task of broadcasting in the theater at night, usually in the middle of the orchestra pit or upstairs row.
"When I was doing the broadcast, I had to rush to the theater early and sit in the middle of the orchestra pit, because that place was the best recording, and I was closer to the stage than the audience in the first row, and I was so old that I had to lean my head back, and my neck hurt for a long time." Gülen recalled fondly.
What Gülen can not forget to this day is the broadcast of Mei Lanfang's "Roselle" in the 1960s. That time, Mei Lanfang appeared, the whole audience was silent, Gülen whispered, because the surrounding is too quiet, her voice is still very abrupt, the audience downstairs looked straight upstairs, the editor was scared to stab her, Gülen quickly lowered the volume. After so many shows, that time made her remember it the most. (Xinxiang Review, No. 04, 2019, by Meng Lanying)