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Ancient Chinese History (Wei and Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties) (34: Wang Jingze, Xiao Baojuan, Xiao Yan)

author:Zhang Zhenkai, the history and politics of the college entrance examination

498 AD

Wang Jingze Rebellion: The Tragedy of the Heroes, Zhenxiang Did Not

In 498, Wang Jing, the founding hero of Southern Qi and the Great Sima Jing, rebelled.

Wang Jing has been good at dancing knives and guns since he was a child, and loves acrobatic performances. Because of his excellent acrobatic skills, he was selected by Liu Ziye, the former deposed emperor of Liu Song, and joined the ranks of close attendants. Later, he saw that Xiao Daocheng was very prestigious and followed him. At that time, the deposed emperor Liu Yu was violent and cruel, and always wanted to kill Xiao Daocheng. Every day after work, Wang Jing went to listen to Liu Yu's movements for Xiao Daocheng. At the same time, Xiao Daocheng also co-opted Liu Yu's close attendants and wanted to kill Liu Yu first. One day, the close attendant took the opportunity to cut off Liu Yu's head and went to find Wang Jingze with his head, and Wang Jing immediately went to Xiao Daocheng's family to report and protect his safety. After this incident, Wang Jing became Xiao Daocheng's confidant.

In 494, the Qi Ming Emperor Xiao Luan ascended the throne, and Wang Jing was given the title of Grand Sima and a thousand households. At that time, Wang Jing had no second thoughts about The Ming Emperor Xiao Luan's Bi Gong Bi Jing. But why did the rebellion start later? Mainly because the Qi Ming Emperor Xiao Luan was not in the right position, he constantly suspected Wang Jingze.

Before emperor Xiao Zhao's death, Emperor Wu of Qi appointed Xiao Luan as a servant and Shang Shuling and asked him to assist Xiao Zhaoye. After Xiao Zhaoye succeeded to the throne, Xiao Luan deposed Xiao Zhaoye and established Xiao Zhaowen, the prince of Xin'an, as emperor. Later, Xiao Luan used the excuse that Xiao Zhaowen was too young and in poor health as an excuse to depose Xiao Zhaowen and become emperor himself.

From the beginning, Xiao Luan had hidden ambitions to usurp power. After a single operation, the emperor of Southern Qi finally fell into his hands. The improper position made Xiao Luan's heart very unsteady, afraid that the clan would do the same thing as himself, threatening his own power. After he ascended the throne, Xiao Luan went on a killing spree against the clan, killing Xiao Zhao's descendants first, and then killing the king of the clan continuously. When cleaning up the Xiao clan chambers, Xiao Luan was wary of the ministers, especially Xiao Daocheng's confidants. He was in a state of paranoia and nervousness for a long time, which put everyone in the DPRK and China at risk.

At this time, Wang Jingze was already 60 years old, and Xiao Luan seemed to care for this old minister, but in fact he was secretly watching his every move. Xiao Luan had inquired many times about Wang Jingze's eating, whether his health was good or not, and other similar situations. Xiao Luan learned that Wang Jingze was already old and could not set off any storms, so he was slightly relieved. Later, Xiao Luan fell seriously ill and almost died several times. This dangerous situation made his suspicions much more serious. He was still uneasy about the ministers, especially southern Qi heroes like Wang Jingze. Xiao Luan began to secretly deploy troops in the east to guard against Wang Jingze. This matter let Wang Jingze know, and he was immediately disheartened. Wang Jing understood that he was so jealous of the emperor that he probably did not have a good result, so he decided to rebel.

Wang Jing acted decisively and immediately summoned his men and horses to send troops. Who knew that Emperor Xiao Luan's actions were not backward, he had long been on guard, and when he heard that Wang Jingze was plotting rebellion, the first step was to arrest Wang Jingze's son Wang Shixiong, along with those close to him, and kill them all. Wang Jing, as an old general of Southern Qi, successively gained the following of many people, with a total of more than 100,000 people.

He first led 10,000 people across the Qiantang River, and later to The Mouth of Wujin Ling. Here Wang Jingze's army met Zuo Xingsheng and others of the imperial court. Wang Jingze's rebels fought hard. The southern Qi army was unable to resist the rebels, and could not break through, and finally they were killed. Later, Wang Jingze's rear army was fiercely attacked. Most of his army was improvised recruits, with few decent weapons in their hands. These people were easily crushed and frightened to flee, and Wang Jingze's rebel army was defeated. At this time, Wang Jing had to find another way out, but before he could mount his horse, he was beheaded by Zuo Xingsheng's men.

Conclusion: Wang Jingze's rebellion lasted a short time, and it is one of many examples of the rebellion of the monarch and his subjects. Xiao Luan's meanness and suspiciousness, coupled with Wang Jingze's self-doubt and fear, eventually contributed to the outbreak of the incident.

Ancient Chinese History (Wei and Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties) (34: Wang Jingze, Xiao Baojuan, Xiao Yan)

Wang Jingze of Southern Qi, like fan of the Great Han Dynasty, initially slaughtered dogs for his profession and followed Emperor Gao of Qi to create a career, but unfortunately, he did not have true incense!

Xiao Baojuan succeeded to the throne: Kill people when you are not happy

In 498, Xiao Baojuan succeeded to the throne as the sixth emperor of Southern Qi. During his reign, he killed ministers, which eventually led to the demise of Southern Qi.

Xiao Baojuan was the second son of Emperor Xiao Luan of Qiming, and he also had an older brother on top of him, who was supposed to be his brother who would inherit the throne. Unfortunately, his brother was out of the house and had a disability, so it was Xiao Baojuan's turn for the throne. After the death of his father Xiao Luan, Xiao Baojuan became the emperor of Southern Qi.

During Xiao Baojuan's reign, he had to go out for more than 20 days within a month. The purpose of his going out was unexpected—to steal something. Every time he went to a wealthy family, Xiao Baohuan swept away. He also pays attention to stealing, that is, he must not be seen. Whoever sees Xiao Baojuan will be killed. To this end, local officials paid special attention, and when they found the emperor out of the palace, they quickly expelled the people and made it convenient for the emperor.

Xiao Baojuan not only had a corrupt character, but later added the problem of indiscriminately killing ministers. His cousins Jiang Zhe and Jiang Feng gave him kind words and advice, but instead of listening, he held a grudge in his heart. Later, Erjiang wanted to abolish Xiao Baojuan and establish Xiao Yaoguang, the Prince of Shi'an, as emperor. The incident was reported to Xiao Baojuan, who put Erjiang to death. At the same time, Xiao Baojuan also killed other ministers at will. If someone is slightly unsatisfactory, they become the ghosts under the knife. Those killed included Sikong Xu Xiaosi, the Right General Xiao Tanzhi, the General Liu Xuan, and the King of Shi'an, Xiao Yaoguang, and others.

Xiao Baojuan loves to kill indiscriminately, in addition to his own poor character, it is also related to two key factors: first of all, his father Xiao Luan loves to kill people, and before he dies, he leaves Xiao Baojuan with a "testament to killing". His father Xiao Luan usurped power as emperor by conspiracy, and during his reign, he first killed the descendants of Emperor Qiwu, and then attacked the king of the domain, killing many clan members. His hands were stained with the blood of the Xiao family, and Xiao Luan was worried that his son would be retaliated against in the future and would be killed by his uncles and brothers. His son Xiao Baojuan was not a good material for being an emperor, and Xiao Luan was afraid that his son was not scheming enough, so he explained to his son before his death that "things should not be done behind people.".

Secondly, Xiao Baojuan favored Concubine Pan and Yu Chen, who aided and abetted abuse. After taking the throne, Xiao Baojuan did not like to communicate with the ministers and was more introverted, but he especially favored the concubines Pan Yunu and the courtiers Mei Worm and Ru Fazhen, and ate and drank with them every day. Princess Pan was born in the city, and in order to let her relive the past, Xiao Baojuan set up a market in the palace, letting Princess Pan be the city order, and she was Pan Concubine's deputy. Not only Concubine Pan, but also the courtiers also gathered around the emperor and made some bad ideas. The chancellor Liu Xuan was not at fault, but the ministers Ru Fazhen and Mei Yu'er falsely accused him of rebellion in front of Xiao Baojuan. Xiao Baojuan did not distinguish between right and wrong, so he killed Liu Xuan. Mei Yu'er later made a rumor to the emperor, saying that the ministers were not doing their best and should kill them all. Xiao Baojuan listened to them and went on a killing spree.

Xiao Baojuan was good at killing, which made the courtiers very afraid, and led to a series of rebellions. In 499, the lieutenant Chen Xianda rebelled at Xunyang (浔陽, in modern Jiujiang, Jiangxi). The following year, the Pingnan general Cui Huijing rebelled and jointly besieged Jiankang with Xiao Baoxuan, the king of Jiangxia. Rebellion ensued, after which Shi Xiaoyan of Yongzhou led ten thousand people to raise an army in Xiangyang (present-day Xiangfan, Hubei).

Xiao Baojuan did not remedy it at this time, but enjoyed itself as usual. He also listened to the words of the ministers and killed some of the ministers, and eventually the people rebelled and were replaced by Xiao Yan.

The killing of clan heroes was already a common phenomenon in the Southern Dynasty, and it was already customary during the Liu Song Dynasty. Xiao Baojuan inherited Xiao Luan's legacy, and deduced the act of killing ministers to the point of reaching the pinnacle, which was tantamount to cutting his wings and eventually leading to the demise of Southern Qi.

Conclusion: Xiao Baojuan's ability to kill led to the alliance of internal and external opposition forces, and also provided Xiao Yan with an opportunity to lead to the Southern Liang Dynasty.

Ancient Chinese History (Wei and Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties) (34: Wang Jingze, Xiao Baojuan, Xiao Yan)

Southern Qi Eastern Xiahou Xiao Baojuan: I like to open a commissary in the palace

500 AD

Xiao Yan xiangyang raised an army: the hero rose up in anger

In 500 AD, Xiao Yan, the assassin of Yongzhou, rebelled in Xiangyang and rebelled against Xiao Baojuan.

Xiao Yan was related to the Southern Qi royal family, and his father was a brother of Xiao Daocheng, the Emperor of Qi. With this relationship, Xiao Yan played in Southern Qi. When Emperor Xiao Daocheng of Qi gao and Emperor Xiao zhao of Qiwu were very successful in their careers, they were always in a state of ascension, but they did not have enough power. It was not until the reign of Emperor Xiao Luan of Qiming that Xiao Yan's position became truly prominent.

Before Xiao Luan ascended the throne, it was Xiao Zhaoye who reigned. Xiao Zhaoye was an unformed Emperor, and Xiao Luan, as an assistant chancellor, wanted to depose And change emperors. For this reason, Xiao Luan consulted with Xiao Yan and other cronies about this matter to see how to do it more appropriately. Xiao Yan was very strategic, and he stressed that the emperor did not want to abolish it, and it was not good that the crowd would rise up and attack it.

Xiao Luan immediately put forward his own idea, saying that he wanted to establish Xiao Zhaowen as emperor, but he did not know how to operate. Xiao Yan analyzed this matter in detail and came up with a set of feasible countermeasures.

According to Xiao Yan's plan, Xiao Luan deposed Xiao Zhaoye as he wished, and established Xiao Zhaowen as he wished. Xiao Luan was grateful to Xiao Yan, because deposing the emperor was a necessary step for him to usurp power, and he was one step closer to realizing his ambitions. Three months later, Xiao Luan was impatient to depose Xiao Zhaowen and become emperor himself. Of course, he did not forget Xiao Yan's credit and entrusted him with a heavy responsibility. Obviously, Xiao Yan had always been a confidant of Emperor Xiao Luan of Qiming. After the death of Emperor Ming of Qi, his son Xiao Baojuan took the throne, and Xiao Yan still played an important role in Southern Qi.

What prompted Xiao Yan and Xiao Baojuan to turn against each other? First of all, Xiao Yan ran Yongzhou and had the capital to usurp power. In 497, when Northern Wei invaded the south, Xiao Yan was ordered to lead troops to the battlefield to support. Due to the strength of the enemy and the weakness of the enemy, the general fled from the front, causing Xiao Yan to be weak at that time, so he had to fight and retreat, and finally retreated to the Yongzhou region. Although Xiao Yan was defeated, he was not blamed, and Southern Qi ordered him to preside over the defense of Yongzhou and serve as the assassin of Yongzhou. This was equivalent to Xiao Yan having his own base. After that, he recruited talents in Yongzhou, actively operated, and his strength swelled rapidly, accumulating capital for his future usurpation of power.

Xiao Yan's strength grew, causing Xiao Baojuan's suspicions. He vaguely felt that Xiao Yan had a bad intention, so he sent someone to assassinate Xiao Yan. Unexpectedly, the assassins respected Xiao Yan very much, and they couldn't get their hands on it, but instead confessed this matter to Xiao Yan. Xiao Yan was horrified, and secretly stepped up his cultivation of his own strength, just in case.

Secondly, the brother was innocently killed, and Xiao Yan was provoked to raise an army. Xiao Yan had an older brother named Xiao Yi, and the two brothers were both officials in Southern Qi. As Emperor Xiao Baojuan arbitrarily killed his ministers, the ministers rebelled one after another. At that time, Xiao Yi was appointed by the emperor to suppress the rebellion. In 500, Pei Shuye rebelled in Yuzhou and was taken into a crusade by Xiao Yi, and Pei Shuye fled to Northern Wei. Later, Cui Huijing rebelled again and was pacified by Xiao Yi, who was therefore given the title of Shang Shu Ling by the imperial court. No matter how you look at Xiao Yi, he is a hero of Southern Qi. But Xiao Baohuan did not know right from wrong, listened to the rumors of the courtiers, and was jealous of Xiao Yi. In the end, Xiao Yi was wrongfully given death.

Originally, Xiao Yan was dissatisfied with Xiao Baojuan, and he had the strength to replace him. The news of Xiao Yi's killing reached Xiao Yan's ears, and he rose up in anger and prepared to raise an army. He first gathered some ministers and discussed with them that xiao Baojuan should be abolished. These people have been living in the shadow of Xiao Baojuan's arbitrary killing, and in order to seek self-safety, they all support Xiao Yan's actions. Subsequently, Xiao Yan recruited troops to expand his military strength and make proper preparations. In order to increase his appeal, Xiao Yan also united with Xiao Baorong, the king of Nankang, to fight Xiao Baojuan together.

In 501, Xiao Yan conquered Yingcheng, then went down the river and pointed his sword at the capital Jiankang. The situation had become like this, on the other hand, Emperor Xiao Baojuan was still drunk and dreaming of death, and even wanted to kill another batch of ministers. The ministers couldn't stand it anymore, so they cut off Xiao Baojuan's human head and offered it to Xiao Yan.

After Xiao Yan captured Jiankang, he supported Xiao Baorong as emperor and promoted himself to sima himself.

Conclusion: Xiao Yan raised an army in Xiangyang, successfully abolished the brutal Xiao Baojuan, and won extremely strong military and political strength, which was the prelude to the establishment of Southern Liang.

Ancient Chinese History (Wei and Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties) (34: Wang Jingze, Xiao Baojuan, Xiao Yan)

Buddha-nature Emperor Xiao Yan

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