In the 20th year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1755), Tongzi Garden of Xujiachang in Shifang, Sichuan (now Shigu Village, Shifang Ancient Town).
An old man dressed in cloth sat in a burrow and wrote the words "Shifang Mud Field Millet Sand Field Smoke" on a square rice paper.
No, these few words give an accurate answer to the search for when Shifang will grow tobacco in two hundred years.
One
Pick a son-in-law
Picked a Shifang kind of smokers
The cloth-clad old man Zhang Zongfa, the character master Gu, the number is not yet weng. The disciples of the family are surrounded by only two unfinished works that he has carefully written as treasures, one is "Three Agricultural Records" and the other is "Theory of Righteousness".
One day in the spring of the twenty-second year of Qianlong (1757), Zhang Shigu was buried in his head and worked hard to write the twenty-three volumes of the "Three Agricultural Records", the chapter on making a living: "Man is endowed with great wealth, and all things are prepared in one body, and he is born of the qi of heaven and earth, and he is fulfilled by the law of the four hours." Although the nobles are special, their treasures are also..."
After writing this chapter, Zhang Shigu was shelving his pen and moaning, when suddenly, there was a noise outside the door, and Zhang Shigu was busy asking his daughter to open the door to see.
Who knows, Xu Jiachang's famous matchmaker Liu Dazu pushed the door in. Outside the door, there was a bunch of porters carrying the dowry.
"Congratulations! congratulations! Liu Dazu's loud voice startled all the neighbors gathered around the door of Zhang's house.
"Where does joy come from?" Zhang Shigu asked.
"Your only daughter Ling Hua was caught in the eye by Hu Daxi, the grand master of Xu Jiachang!" Old Master Hu invited me to your house to say that the media would be hired, and it would be seen whether Mr. Hu would agree. ”
Zhang Shigu groaned for a moment, twisted his whiskers and replied, "Thank you So much For raising the lintel of the door, the little girl has promised to give Liao Dalong, a smoker who grows in Maoba." ”
Liu Dazu glanced obliquely at Ling Hua and saw that although her light blue Luo skirt was plain, there were already several patches, "People go to a high place, and the water flows to a low place." Hu Da Laoye is the nephew of Hu Delin of the former Zhixian County, the family has a pawnshop, a warehouse, a tobacco restaurant, wearing a silk satin, eating chicken, fish and egg noodles, Liao Dalong a tobacco, where is it comparable? ”
Zhang Shigu's face slipped a trace of imperceptible contempt, and he thought to himself, "No matter how big Old Master Hu's family business is, he is also a prodigal prince who sits on the mountain and eats the sky, how can he be compared with Liao Dalong?" Liao Dalong, who planted tobacco, was the vivid practitioner of my "Three Agricultural Chronicles". ”
Yes, in the warm land of Shifang, there is a sandy soil, "mud field millet sand field smoke"; there is a suitable temperature and wind, the average annual sunshine reaches 1,257 hours; the rainfall is abundant, the four seasons are distinct, it is a good place to "plant and dry tobacco".
In just a few years, the tobacco planting area of Xujiachang in Shifang is as high as 1,000 mu, which is exactly: "The jagged villages with flat wu, the Weishui Bay ring wild path; the closest to the terroir of my hometown, hoeing the field first planted Tambar." ”
In Shifang County, each quintal of cigarettes can be exchanged for three buckets of rice, the best can be exchanged for three stones, this Liao Dalong is a good smoker, the most humble can also be exchanged for eight buckets. Therefore, at that time, under the serious exploitation of heavy mortgages, high rents, and modern classics, peasants with a little capital were willing to grow tobacco.
It seems that Zhang Shigu chose a "potential stock" instead of an "ST stock".
Zhang Shigu
Two
Dowry
Accompany your life's work "Three Agricultural Chronicles"
"The Fa also grows in the farmhouse, the lifelong field, resting with the birds and animals, sharing its spring and autumn with the grass and trees, and the karma is just a villain."
The modest Zhang Shigu did not expect that the great work "Three Agricultural Records", which took twenty years of painstaking efforts, was not only a treasure book that "peasant families in all ages were indispensable", but also treasured by national libraries in China, the United States, Canada and other countries.
Zhang Shigu was born in Shifang Democracy Township to a family of scholars who worked as a scholar. His father, Zhang Quanming, taught private school in Murakami and was a humble talent who read poetry and books. Zhang Shigu looks beautiful and wise, has a gentle temperament, and has hundreds of sons and hundreds of families. At first, he wanted to achieve his dream of life with the success of his career, who expected bad luck, the science field was not smooth, and ushered in the disappointment of not succeeding in the name, for this, he felt very lonely, helpless, he gave up the scientific expedition with tears, and relied on cultivating dozens of acres of thin fields in the family to maintain the family's livelihood, while concentrating on writing.
In the practice of farming, Zhang Shigu sensed the hardships of the peasants and was well aware of the sufferings of the peasants, so he made a grand wish to write a book for the peasants to guide the "road out of poverty". He often went to the edge of the field to carefully summarize the farming techniques of the old farmers, carefully read the ancient agricultural works of The Northern Wei Jia Sixun's "Qi Min Zhi Shu", and absorbed ideological nourishment from Xu Guangqi's "Complete Book of Agricultural Administration" in the late Ming Dynasty.
In August of the twenty-fifth year of the Qianlong Dynasty (1760), the "Three Rural Chronicles" were engraved and printed, and Zhang Shigu held a brand-new scroll, and tears rippled:
In order to write the "Three Agricultural Chronicles", in a poor life, his wife fell ill. In order to treat his wife's illness, he was helpless to sell the thin field left by his ancestors and on which the family depended for survival. But his wife died of illness, and he was so worried that his clever and understanding daughter supported him, saying that he would wait until his father had written it before marrying him.
On the morning of September 22, Liao Dalong hung red silk on his body and did not have red flowers on his chest, and drove a carriage carrying pigs, cattle, sheep, and four seasons of clothing to carry boxes, and came to Shigu Caolu to greet his relatives. Ling Hua was dressed neatly and was helped by the bridesmaids to the flower palanquin.
Zhang Shigu Xizi took out twenty-four volumes of the "Three Agricultural Records" and said to all the relatives and friends: "I have no gold and silver treasures for Zhang Mou, and the dowry for my daughter is my life's work "Three Agricultural Records"! It is recorded that there are days and times, favorable locations, and human conspiracies, and the farmers get treasures! Smokers get rich! May the son-in-law have a good harvest in the next year! ”
Hi on top of hi! Chen Zongqian, then of Shifangzhi County, learned that Zhang Shigu had accomplished a grand feat of writing a book by a farmer, and sent a special person to send one hundred and two grains of silver as a reward.
"Three Agricultural Chronicles"
Three
Grow sunburn
Growing "the hometown of Chinese cigars"
The study found that 30 degrees north latitude is a mysterious zone. The magic of nature has given birth to four ancient civilizations in this line and created many world-renowned brands. Shifang is located in this mysterious area, with a mild climate, plenty of sunshine and abundant rainfall throughout the year. The soil belongs to the purple soil type, and the tobacco planting area is mostly newly alluvial oil sand soil, with high soil fertility and abundant mineral hard oxygen elements, which is very suitable for tobacco leaf growth.
Shifang Daquankeng cigar tobacco base
As a local specialty, Shifang sunning tobacco has long been famous at home and abroad. However, it is also a consensus that sunburn smoke is not a native variety of Shifang.
Kangxi Renyi (1672) Sichuan scholar Li Qiqian wrote a poem "Bamboo Branch Words": "Every other year, weave grass to build a penglu, protect the smoke seedlings to grow? In March, when digging silkworms, I took advantage of the sunny harvest of 'Tambagu (dry)'. "The techniques mentioned in the poem, such as setting up tobacco seedlings, catching tobacco insects (digging silkworms), beating tobacco (fork) buds, and harvesting tobacco leaves on sunny days, are roughly the same as the operations of Shifang tobacco today. That is to say, during the Kangxi period, it is most likely that the period of drying tobacco was introduced to Shifang, and by the Qianlong period, Shifang had been planted on a large area of drying tobacco.
It is said that in the 1960s, archaeologists found two copper smoke bag brain shells in Zhang Shigu's tomb. It can be inferred from the copper cigarette bag brain shell as a funerary product, first, the local tobacco farmers have great respect for this "originator of agronomy" and commemorate his great deeds with the copper cigarette bag brain shell; second, it shows that local tobacco smoking was relatively common during the Qianlong period.
Of course, to discuss the merits of cigars into the river, we have to mention the Hunan people Zeng Mingxiao. It was he who brought back seeds from the Philippines and sowed them on the fertile soil of Shifang, and it was these tobacco seeds that began the history of cigar cultivation in Shifang. After that, there was Wang Shuyan and the "Yichuan Industrial Society", there was the "Glory of the 132 Secret History", and there was the rise of the new sharp of "Haoyue Changchun"... Pioneering and enterprising, the courage to innovate, Shifang, with its unique identity, clearly identifies the unrepeatable position in China's cigar industry.
Nearly 300 years of tobacco cultivation history, more than 100 years of cigar production history, Shifang, worthy of the "leader" of China's cigar industry.
On June 16, 2007, Shifang City was approved as the "Hometown of Chinese Cigars".
Text/Zhongwei
bibliography:
Shifang County Chronicle, 1988, Sichuan University Press
Yizhou Calligraphy and Paintings, 1945 edition printed in Chengdu Chonglitang
"Zhang Shigu's Married Daughter" (Tan Mingquan)
When exactly was sunburned in Shifang? (Shu Qidong)
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