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After writing about Li Bai's life experience last month, some readers felt that they were not addicted, and left a message in the background, hoping that I could write about the famous poets of the Tang Dynasty.
As soon as I listened, this advice is good.
If children can get to know a series of poets, they will learn ancient poetry with less effort. Not only can you understand the poetic styles of different poets in the comparison, but you can also use these poets to feel the atmosphere of that dynasty more delicately.
Therefore, after writing About Li Bai's life, knowing his romance, his extravagance and elegance, this time we will continue to work hard and continue to write Du Fu's life story.
When du fu is mentioned, everyone's first reaction is that he is one of the most cattle poets in China. His poetry is not only the history of poetry, but also the poet saint, simply a fighter among poets, and the only great poet who can compete with the poet Immortal Li Bai.
Such a cattle poet, life must be very brilliant. To be honest, I thought the same thing before I got to know him in depth, but after knowing him enough, I found that Du Fu's life was not at all what we thought it was:
He is very talented, in fact he did not even pass the scientific examination;
He worries about the country and the people, in fact he is also very arrogant;
He lived so hard that he actually starved his son to death;
He was a poet, in fact he was not famous during his lifetime;
……
This is completely different from the Du Fu we know in the textbook, in fact, the real Du Fu is far more complicated than we think.
His distant ancestor Du Pre was the founding father of the Western Jin Dynasty, and he also wrote a special book "Spring and Autumn Left Transmission Collection", which is both literary and martial;
Grandpa Du Zhenyan was a scholar of Xiuwenguan during the Wu Zetian period, a famous poet, and one of the founders of the Tang Dynasty's "near-body poetry";
Although his father Du Xian was not very mixed, he was also a county order, equivalent to a local leader;
His maternal grandmother was a great-grandson of Emperor Taizong of Tang, and the Qinghe Cui clan on his mother's side was also considered a famous and prestigious family;
Therefore, Du Fu's family was not only a scholar at that time, but also a nobleman who was alive and well, couldn't imagine?
With a strong family background, his parents are naturally very concerned about his education. From a young age, Du Fu studied Confucian classics and poetry writing, and his cultural heritage was very solid, so Du Fu was very arrogant when he was young.
According to his words, "Seven years of thinking is strong, opening the mouth to sing the phoenix". At the age of seven, he began to write poetry as soon as he opened his mouth to write phoenix, which was not the same as what he usually wrote. Unlike Luo Binwang, who is seven years old, he can only write "geese and geese, songs to the heavens". The phoenix is much more high-end than the goose, which is simply a modern version of someone else's child.
When we were fourteen or fifteen years old and still studying in the greenhouse, Du Fu had already "traveled to the Hanmo Field". It was to participate in various literati exchange associations, chat with different poets about poetry, and talk about literature with different literati, and successfully squeezed into the high-class cultural circle at that time.
After the age of 20, when we were busy studying, Du Fu began to roam the country and wrote the spirited "Wangyue". This poem is written very wildly, especially the sentence "Will be the top of the mountain, overlooking the mountains and small", I feel that I can step on the earth at any time, and I really have the style of a young man in the Tang Dynasty.
Others roam because they have nothing to do after the exam, and he roams purely to broaden his horizons and not to pay attention to the exam at all, because he has this capital at home.
After ten years of wandering, at the age of 35, I began to look for a job, worked for a few years, was unhappy, and resigned very willfully.
Around the age of 50, he ran to Sichuan to live his own small life, nothing to appreciate the flowers, write and write poetry, and the five poems in our textbooks were written by him in Chengdu.
Grade 2 | "Absolute Sentence" (1)
Grade 3 | "Absolute Sentence" (2)
Grade 4 | "Finding Flowers Alone by the Riverside : The Fifth"
Fifth Grade | "WenguanJun Collects Henan Hebei"
Grade 6 | "Happy Rain on Spring Night"
Some students read this, may feel that the little half of the father you wrote is not right, Du Fu's life is not very good. The family is strong, nothing to travel, have been an official, have written poetry, and are famous, few people are more dashing than his old man's home.
Yes, these are Du Fu's lives, but remember that xiao Ban Dad said this, but this is just the tip of the iceberg in his life, and the rest have not yet surfaced.
If you drain the sea, you will find that Du Fu is completely different, compared with other poets, his life is not good, but very miserable.
First of all, the expedition failed. The first time I should take the exam was when Du Fu wandered back, and the examination center was in Luoyang, because the preparation was insufficient, and the result was not on the list.
After falling off the list, it was not good to reflect, and he ran out to roam again. It's almost unimaginable that we don't even have a legitimate career at the age of 24.
The second roaming lasted for a decade, from the age of 25 to the age of 34, during which time his father died. However, he increased his knowledge, met his idol Li Bai, met his good friend Gao Shi, and wrote a lot of poetry.
For example, in order to express his ambition, he wrote a horse "Fang Bing Cao Hu Ma" and an eagle "Painted Eagle", and a 33-year-old missed Li Bai's "confession poem" "Gift to Li Bai".
Second, I took the skills test and failed. After the end of the roaming, the 35-year-old Du Fu went to Chang'an to apply for a job, and at first he was a little uncomfortable, and he recalled the past without a problem, writing "Eight Immortals in Drinking" and "Spring Remembrance of Li Bai".
Although he left his old friend, he waited in Chang'an for an opportunity to "choose according to the edict", which was a temporary technical talent selection held by the state. He was well prepared and confident about the exam.
Just when Du Fu felt that he had hope, he did not want to be a traitor to the court and asked Li Linfu to obstruct it, and Du Fu once again missed the job opportunity.
After this incident, Du Fu's whole person became a little decadent. The 37-year-old Du Fu also wrote a special poem "Twenty-two Rhymes to Wei Zuo Chengzhang" saying that he was "not hungry to death, cowardly and misguided", directly brushing himself, saying that reading a ghost book, reading too much food did not have to eat, it is conceivable that this exam hit Du Fu so hard.
Finally the yè is also yellow. After failing the exam, life has to go on, a reader in that era in addition to taking the exam to become an official, but also can do it, that is, to find those high-ranking officials and nobles to pull relations, seek a career, the result of the gurudwara also failed, and finally can only make a living for themselves.
He once sold drugs in Chang'an because of his survival, which can be said to have tasted the bitterness of life:
[Scraps and Cold Burning] Eat leftover meals from others.
There is no food to eat, knock on other people's doors and ask for food.
[Twilight with Fat Horse Dust] ran behind other people's horse butts, and there was no place to live.
Of course, these poems may be exaggerated, but at least it can be seen that Du Fu had a difficult time during his job search in Chang'an. Without a stable career and no skills, he almost fell to the point of begging.
Du Fu is still very strong, after all, there are no tears in the eyes of adults, and he has to continue to work hard for his home. Wait, wait, 39-year-old Du Fu finally waited for an opportunity.
That year, When Tang Xuanzong wanted to prepare for the sacrifice ceremony, he wrote the ceremonial activities of Tang Xuanzong's sacrifice into the "Three Great Gifts", and after writing it, he submitted it to the imperial court.
People can't be unlucky all the time, and this time Du Fu was lucky. His manuscript was finally seen by Tang Xuanzong, and he was appreciated, and after an inspection by the Ministry of Rites, he became a minor official of Hexi County.
Originally, he should have been very happy to be an official, but the place where he served was very far away, probably in Yunnan, very partial, far from home, and Du Fu naturally did not want to do it, and refused to accept this appointment.
Thanks to Lao Du Gang this time, the imperial court did not embarrass him, and reassigned a right guard to lead the fu soldier Cao to join the army, mainly to manage the arsenal and warehouse of the Eastern Palace. To put it bluntly, it is a janitor official.
Although he had a job, Du Fu was not happy, first, he was a small official, and second, he was completely incompatible with his own ideals, after all, he was an intellectual who wanted to "go to Jun Yao Shun and then make customs pure".
So the 44-year-old Du Fu wrote a poem "Official Post-Drama Gift" self-deprecating, saying that he "the old man is afraid to go away, lead the house and get away with it", when he is older, it is also very good to be a custodian and a janitor, and he does not use his brain, he is at ease, this sentence should not be taken seriously, this is he is ridiculing himself.
When Du Fu was looking for a job in Chang'an, most of his time was separated from his family, and his children were the Tang Dynasty version of left-behind children. Because of his job search, he was trapped in Chang'an for ten years.
When he finally succeeded in his job search and was ready to go home to announce the good news and visit his wife and children, he found that his young son was starving to death.
He wrote in "Five Hundred Words from Beijing to Fengxian County", "The entrance to the trumpet, the young son is hungry and dead", as soon as he entered the door, he heard a cry of bitterness, and his young son had starved to death!
Du Fu was only 44 years old at this time, and the white-haired man sent the black-haired person, one of the greatest tragedies in the world, and he lost his beloved young son before middle age. "Wu Ning She mourns, and the lane also whimpers" Du Fu was full of grief, and the neighbors also whimpered and whimpered, and the tears flowed non-stop!
In this poem, he not only wrote about his son starving to death, but also about what he saw and heard on the way home, "Zhumen wine smells of meat, and there are frozen bones on the road."
At this time, he may have felt that there would be great chaos in the country, always felt that there would be great things happening, and at the end of the poem he said that "the end of the worries will end in the south", saying that he is full of sorrow for the future of the country.
In fact, at the time of writing this poem, An Lushan had already rebelled in Hebei, but because the communication technology at that time was not developed, he did not know it yet, and by the time he finished reading his wife and children and returned to the imperial court, the rebels had already captured Luoyang.
In 756, An Lushan declared himself emperor in Luoyang, and Du Fu wanted to escape from his clutches, but with bad luck, he was caught by the rebels and escorted to Chang'an for custody.
During his stay in Chang'an, he saw that Chang'an was full of devastation and wrote the famous patriotic poem "Spring Hope":
The white head scratches are shorter and more overwhelming.
The flames lasted for three months, and the family letter arrived at ten thousand gold.
When I feel the flowers splash tears, I hate the birds and be frightened.
The country is broken by mountains and rivers, and the city is deep in spring grass and trees.
Spring hope
There are also "Lamenting River Head", "Mourning King Sun", "Sorrowful Chen Tao", "Sorrowful Qingsaka" and other epic poems that reflect the war and record the hardships of the people's lives.
Of course, the war would not be fought all the time, and Du Fu would not always be trapped in Chang'an, and he seized every opportunity to escape.
Probably because Du Fu himself was a nobody, coupled with his determination to escape, he really let him escape. After escaping, he also found Tang Suzong, who heard that he was so old and so loyal, and did not hesitate to reward him with a left relic, which was the highest official Du Fu had done in his life.
This errand was not so good, that is, there was nothing to pick the emperor's fault, Du Fu this person dared to say, and later because he said good things for Fang Zhen, the emperor disliked him even more, and directly demoted him to Huazhou.
On the way from Luoyang to Huazhou, he wrote "Three Officials" ("Xin'an Official", "Stone Trench Official", "Tongguan Official") and "Three Farewells" ("New Marriage", "Dying Old Farewell", and "Homeless Farewell").
After another year in Huazhou, he deeply felt the darkness of the official field, and the 49-year-old Du Fu could no longer bear it, so he abandoned his official post and went into hiding.
He found that his personality was not suitable for the officialdom, and he would not sway around and clap his hands. His family education also told him that the reader should have the persistence of the reader, can not change this environment, at least can choose to leave, abandon the official resignation can be said to be his nature.
After resigning, Du Fu went to Qinzhou, drifted to Bashu, stayed in Jingxiang, and finally died of illness on the ship from Tanzhou to Yueyang, at the age of 59.
EASTWEST
Although Du Fu is a generation of poets, in fact, his life is not good, the officials did not do a good job, the younger son starved to death, and he also died of illness on the ship, all of which makes us feel that Du Fu's life was very miserable, and people can't help but feel sympathy.
But what I want to say is that What happened to Du Fu was not his own problem, but the times. Because the society at that time was too turbulent, after the Anshi Rebellion, the entire Tang Dynasty grew corruption, Du Fu had already entered the tang dynasty bureaucracy through his own efforts, and although the officials were not large, they had no problem supporting themselves.
But he gave up, because the sages he had read did not allow him to be complicit, nor did he teach him how to deal with the villains of the officialdom, and in order to maintain his conscience as a reader, he gave up the hard-won bread.
From a secular point of view, Du Fu's life was not smooth, but from the perspective of the greatness of his personality, he completed the highest achievement of a reader, kept the discipline of a reader, and he was worthy of his name of "poetry saint".
Therefore, to evaluate a person, we cannot judge how big an official he has been and how much money he has earned, but to see what he has left for future generations. He was an ordinary man and a poet with a great personality!
bibliography:
Du Fu's life is reviewed in installments and I see _Qi hehui
Try to discuss Du Fu's "madness" Wu Mingxian
"The Biography of Tang Caizi and Du Fu"
Old Tang Dynasty Scrolls 190 : Liechuan 140
Article picture: from the Internet, the copyright belongs to the author of the picture, invaded and deleted.
Cover image: Source Weibo @ Henan Spring Festival Gala official, invaded and deleted.