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On March 29 of the eighth year of Jiayou, Emperor Renzong of Song died. The "History of Song" records that after the emperor went, the people of Kaifeng were deeply saddened, and even the Liao Emperor Liao Daozong also wept bitterly, which shows everyone's recognition of this emperor.
After the emperor's death, the ministers wanted to give him a temple number so that he could enter the temple to enjoy incense afterwards, and after a lot of deliberation, the unprecedented temple name "Renzong" was born, yes, Song Renzong was the first emperor in history to use "Renzong" as the temple number, which was also the affirmation of Song Renzong by his courtiers.
Song Renzong was the fourth emperor of the Song Dynasty, he was frugal by nature, humble and very diligent, so he created the prosperous era of the Qingming Dynasty, and also achieved a famous minister of history, and created a cultural prosperity under the prosperous world.
When Song Renzong died, his name had not yet spread far, because compared with the founding emperor Song Taizu and the pioneering Spirit of Song Taizong, Song Renzong was even a shoucheng king, and the reason why later generations spoke higher and higher of him was to compare with other emperors after him, especially Song Shenzong, who advocated changing the law and "did not listen to advice".
Song Renzong created a prosperous world with benevolence, but fighting wars was not a bad place, of course, this is also a common disease of most Song Emperors after Emperor Taizong, after all, the ancestors set a heavy literature and suppress martial system.
Song Renzong's father, Song Zhenzong, signed an alliance with the neighboring Liao, and the "enemy" of the Song Dynasty was temporarily one less, but it did not mean that there was no crisis.
During the reign of Song Renzong, there were various wars, Li Yuanhao's rebellion, the southwest Nongzhigao rebellion, and the Liao-Song relationship that could "turn the other cheek" at any time because of interests, etc. Today we put aside Song Renzong's Qingming and Sheng Dynasty, to talk about the other side under the prosperous world, the Song xia war.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="9" > Li Yuanhao, he reversed</h1>
In the first year of Bao Yuan, a humble year in Song Renzong's ruling career, during the Waxing Moon, the entire city of Bieliang was preparing for the New Year, but a disturbing news came from the northwest border, and Li Yuanhao reversed!
Song Ting questioned the reliability of the news of Li Yuanhao's rebellion, but he was angry and annoyed because of this, and Song Renzong even became angry about it, Li Yuanhao did not jump around with Taizu, Taizong and his father, but rebelled here, "How dare he?!"
Li Yuanhao was the leader of the Dangxiang clan, "Li" was not his surname, his family name was "Tuoba", and during the Tang Dynasty, he was given the surname "Li" for leading troops to help Tang suppress Huang Chao.
Strictly speaking, during the Song Dynasty, Li Yuanhao's family was also given the surname "Zhao", such as "Zhao Yuanhao" in Sima Guang's "Records of Shuishui".
When the Dangxiang nation was weak, it always oscillated between the Daliao and Song regimes, like speculators and inverted elements, constantly extracting benefits from the two countries, and repeatedly annoyed Song Taizong.
During the Xianping period, the Dangxiang people conquered Lingzhou and established Xiping Province, after which they closed their own doors to recuperate and build an army, and by the time Li Yuanhao's father Li Mingde built Xingzhou (present-day Yinchuan, Ningxia), the Dangxiang regime had begun to take shape.
For various reasons, Li Mingde did not claim the title of emperor, and his attitude towards the Song Dynasty was quite passable, of course, this also had a very big relationship with the Song Dynasty's national policy of spending money to buy Taiping.
Since the founding of the Song Dynasty, it has pursued a policy of "keeping the outside and guarding the inside", and will not send troops to those that the state can solve with money. Emperor Zhenzong of Song dynasty because Li Mingde "performed" well and was also very generous to them, gold, silver, money and tea did not wronged them at all, and the two sides also set up farms on the border to open up trade.
The Song Dynasty always felt that their money policy was used well, and the party had always relied on it, so it relaxed its vigilance against Li's father and son.
Compared with Li Mingde, Li Yuanhao was more ambitious, he believed that the Song Dynasty could easily give small profits, and he believed that "engaging" would be a long-term, once and for all.
In the first year of the Ming Dynasty, Li Mingde died and Li Yuanhao ascended the throne, at this time he had already made up his mind to sit on an equal footing with the Great Song. In the first year of the reign of Emperor Renzong of Song, Li Yuanhao proclaimed himself emperor in Xingzhou and established the Western Xia regime.
The "Continuation of the Zizhi Tongjian Long Compilation" records that in the first month of the second year of Bao Yuan, Li Yuanhao sent envoys to bring the Nine Words and Concubines to send it, and at the same time, Na Jingjie, in short, told the Song Dynasty monarchs, in the future, I will no longer be a subordinate relationship with you, and we will sit on an equal footing.
The content of the book is very arrogant, such as "the messenger who holds the fate has not returned, the soldiers of the southern boundary are noisy, and they enter the boundary at nine places in Yanyan, Linfu, Huanqing, and Jingyuan Road", and there is a great feeling that you do not recognize me, and if you detain my envoy, I will beat you and give you a trick.
In addition, I don't know if I learned it from Song Renzong's father Song Zhenzong, Li Yuanhao said that he was granted imperial power by heaven, and the era name was set as "Heavenly Gift Law Yanzuo", and he wanted to form a situation of southern and northern dynasties with the Song Dynasty like the Great Liao.
This paragraph of expression can make Song Renzong angry, almost vomiting blood, and the North and South Dynasties?! A great Liao has already made the Song court monarchs upset, and the Yanyun Sixteen Prefectures that crossed before the Liao song dynasty were the heart diseases of the emperors of the Song Dynasty, and now a subordinate xiaobang actually jumped out to sit on an equal footing with the Song Dynasty, how could Song Renzong endure?!
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="99" > the early Song and Xia wars led by Li Yuanhao</h1>
After receiving Li Yuanhao's provocation, the monarchs of the Song court began to think about how to clean up this chaotic thief. It has to be said that the Song Dynasty was indeed a dynasty ruled by literati, and after thinking about it for a few months, Emperor Renzong of Song issued an edict stripping Li Yuanhao of all titles and welfare benefits, and also locked up the border field and reclaimed Li Yuanhao's national surname "Zhao".
For Li Yuanhao, what the surname is really not so important, his father was stripped of the national surname during the Taizong Dynasty, and it was punished without pain. The closure of the field was the Economic Sanctions imposed by the Song Dynasty on the Western Xia, and since Li Yuanhao dared to provoke trouble, he had already thought of a way to deal with it, and in his opinion, instead of waiting for the Three Melons and Two Dates given by the Song Dynasty, it was better to establish a country, make diplomatic relations, and obtain greater benefits like the Great Liao.
When Li Yuanhao's family helped Tang suppress Huang Chao, in addition to being given the surname of the state, he was also given the title of envoy of the Dingnan Army. Now that Li Yuanhao has reversed, there are notices posted everywhere on the border that "wanted" Li Yuanhao, which is also a kind of psychological warfare, declaring that as long as Li Yuanhao is captured alive or "brought up to see" he can be rewarded with millions of dollars and can be sealed as a difficult army emissary.
Regarding how to deal with Li Yuanhao and his newly established regime, the Song court had different voices, some people advocated recognizing Li Yuanhao first, creating an illusion for him, and then stepping up military training, Xu Xu tuzhi; Xia Zhen also played the game of asking for additional soldiers, and then everyone quarreled over the sudden increase in military spending.
In the first year of Kangding, when it was still time to come, Li Yuanhao did not capture ChengpingZhai and retreated, and threatened to attack Yanzhou (延州, in modern Yan'an, Shaanxi). The "Long Compilation" records that Fan Yong, who was guarding the town of Yanzhou, heard that Li Yuanhao was going to come to his side, "afraid of him", and could not complain about him, after all, after the Song and Liao borders signed the alliance of The Yuanyuan, the bones and bones of the Song army did not move well.
Fan Yong went to the imperial court and said that Yanzhou was "wide and distant, the soldiers were weak, and there was no place to stay", and asked for support, but the result was "evacuation, not reported".
In the face of Fan Yong and Da Song, who were not yet ready, Li Yuanhao took the initiative to attack, he sent people to pretend to seek peace, Fan Yong believed, and relaxed in the defense of Yanzhou.
Taking advantage of this opportunity, Li Yuanhao led a large army to attack the security army, entered from Tumen Road, threatened to go to Jinmingzhai, and the defender Li Shibin waited in a strict position. Left and right, Li Yuanhao did not come, Li Shibin took off his armor and went to sleep, here I can only say that this old Li's heart is really too big.
The result of the heart was that on the second day, Li Shibin's father and son were captured, and Li Yuanhao took advantage of the victory to pursue and come to the city of Yanzhou. Fan Yong was dumbfounded, and he quickly dispatched the garrisons of Yan Yan and Huan Qing to rescue Yan Prefecture, and then was ambushed by Li Yuanhao at Sanchuankou, and was annihilated by the regiment, and Liu Ping, Shi Yuansun and other generals were captured.
Yanzhou was trapped for seven days, losing two generals, and the atmosphere in the city could be imagined. A heavy snow relieved the siege of Yanzhou, and Li Yuanhao's soldiers were trapped and retreated.
The "Long Edition" reviewed the first war of the Song and Xia Dynasties, and it was mentioned that Li Shibin, who had a large heart, had 100,000 soldiers and was known as the Iron Wall Xianggong, and the Western Xia people were very afraid of it.
Li Yuanhao tried to lure him more than once, and Li Shibin would be beheaded by his envoys, and later Li Shibin also told Fan Yong about this matter, and Fan Yong did not pay attention to it.
In the face of the strong enemy Li Shibin, Li Yuanhao used some brains, he let his subordinates meet Li Shibin's team run, and rumors circulated, saying that he was afraid of Li Shibin, so that he began to relax his vigilance and be proud.
In order to maintain his majesty, Li Shibin strictly obeyed the emperor, and his subordinates were miserable, at this time Li Yuanhao allowed Jinyin to induce his subordinates, and these Li Shibin did not know. From this we can see that Li Yuanhao was not only able to lead troops to fight, but also full of wisdom, and even the famous Song Dynasty general Cao Wei also praised him.
The Song Dynasty monarchs think that they are orthodox in the Central Plains, and they can't look down on the small border state of Western Xia, but they didn't want to end up in the first battle, and the Song Dynasty monarchs were not embarrassed and fake, but more should be ashamed!
Obviously, Li Yuanhao chose to launch this war six years after he ascended the throne, for a reason, internally he invented the Western Xia script, enhanced national cohesion, demonstrated national pride, paid close attention to military training externally, and began to lay out the "split" drama of the Song Dynasty.
On the other hand, the monarchs of the Song Dynasty thought that giving Li Yuanhao a little favor could buy stability, and alienating himself from prevention and training gave Li Yuanhao the opportunity to break with the Great Song Dynasty.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="107" > Song Xia fought well again, or lost</h1>
In the Battle of Sanchuankou, the Song Dynasty monarchs were ashamed and angry, but also shocked, and the Great Liao, which they had concluded an alliance with the Yuanyuan, was thrown away, and the Song-Xia relationship became the top priority of the imperial court at that time.
At this time, Li Yuanhao actually controlled most of the area north of Yanzhou and near Hengshan, and the courtiers of the Song court began to open a large debate mode again. In the Song Dynasty, the civil and military departments were divided, and the civilian courtiers were allowed to discuss the war, which was really just a big idea and a small idea.
In May of the first year of Kang Ding's reign, Xia Zhu deployed the shaanxi capital and the economically appeased the envoy, and Fan Zhongyan and Han Qi deployed the shaanxi capital and the deputy envoy of the economic pacifying were established, and the three of them jointly handled the defense of Western Xia.
These three people are indeed temporary partners, Xia Chun does not want to mix this matter at all, he has psychological influence, his father once died in the confrontation with the Khitans, and he and Han and Fan are not comrades in the trenches; Fan Zhongyun was also temporarily arrested Zhuang Ding, "Jingyou Party and Government" made Fan Zhongyun have to leave Beijing, the Western Xia war he was recalled again, entrusted with heavy responsibilities; Han Qi, who had just returned from Sichuan to the Beijing Division, faced with the shortcomings of Song Xia's border situation many times, and Song Renzong was worried that no one was "on the battlefield". So the trio was formed.
After Fan Zhong flooded to Shaanxi, he found that if he and the soldiers here fought in Western Xia, it was estimated that he would have to account for it here, so old Fan August took the initiative to ask for Zhiyan Prefecture.
Song Renzong agreed to his request very happily, of course, mainly because he knew that Fan Yong's level was really not good at that time. After taking office, Fan Zhongyan began to rectify the army, he changed the old system of the army, the division trained soldiers according to the actual situation, and took turns to resist the enemy; at the same time, Qingjian City and Yancheng City were built as military bases to stock up troops, strengthen defenses, and save border expenses.
This operation still had an effect, and the soldiers near Yanzhou had a new look and improved their combat effectiveness, giving Li Yuanhao's troops a certain deterrent to the Western Xia.
Everything seemed to be proceeding in an orderly and intense manner, but it was not, because the three-man team was divided on the main issue, and they had serious differences about how to proceed with the western Xia war.
Han Qi took a tough stand and advocated a quick battle and a quick decision, concentrating his forces, and dealing a fatal blow to Western Xia. The reason why Han Qi was so "anxious" was also for a reason; a large number of hoarded troops were on the northwestern border, and every day military expenses were burning, and a quick battle and a quick decision could save expenses; this time his good friend Fan Zhongzhuan had sided with him, and he believed that he and Western Xia should fight a protracted war, focusing on defense, building and reinforcing the border city in Beijing, and not giving the enemy an opportunity to take advantage of it, Xu Tu Xixia; as for the old fox Xia Zhen, he had no opinion and was difficult to choose, so he let Han Qi and Fan Zhongyun write their own creds and Song Renzong said, let Song Renzong decide for himself.
For various reasons, of course, Li Bai believes that the most important thing is that the funds are burning, and Song Renzong followed Han Qi's advice and decided to fight with The Western Xia quickly.
I don't know if it was because of the war with Western Xia, Song Renzong frequently changed the era name, and Han Qi shangshu requested that the first year of the Qing calendar (1041) be the first month of the western Xia.
Old Fan stood up against it, believing that it was not suitable for soldiers to fight in the cold weather, or it was better to have spring flowers blooming and moving their bones. As we all know, as long as there are two voices in the Song court, everyone will discuss it in the dark.
Li Yuanhao didn't care so much, and in February of the first year of the Qing calendar, he took the initiative to attack and led his army to attack Weizhou. Han Qi saw that the enemy had already attacked, and if he did not say that he would not fight, he gathered his troops and prepared to attack.
In addition to being a successful emperor, Li Yuanhao was also a very good military expert, and he obviously could not handle it in terms of combat, who had learned to ride horses and fight since he was a child.
Li Yuanhao's intention was not to eliminate the main force of the Song army, and we can see that "deception" was a tactic that Li Yuanhao used many times in his battles against the Song.
Han Qi and the others were unaware, and after the Song general Ren Fu led his troops to flank the Western Xia army and succeeded, he saw the Western Xia army rout and fled, and the light enemy pursued him, and set up camp in Shuichuan to prepare for another battle.
Li Yuanhao wanted this result, leading a hundred thousand troops to ambush at Haoshuichuan, more than 30,000 Song troops were ambushed, and only 1,800 people ran out, and the Song army was defeated, suffering the worst defeat after the Western Xia army fought.
This scene has been interpreted in the TV series "Qing Ping Le", Han Qi, sitting on a high horse, looks at the tragic battle situation and Hope Er, the old woman and woman whose husband returned home, in addition to being speechless, there is also loneliness and guilt!
The news of the defeat spread back to the capital, and Song Renzong, who ruled the country with "Rende", was restless and did not think about tea and dinner, this defeat was Han Qi's fault, but it was he who finally made the decision!
Since he lost, someone had to be responsible, and Xia Chun was removed, in fact, he had nothing to be wronged about, and he was undecided. Old Fan was more wronged, he voted not to venture in, the result was no one listened, and as a result, he was demoted to a household member wailang, Zhi Yaozhou. Han Qi impeached himself, was exempted, and was demoted to the right counselor, Zhi Qin Prefecture, and the Battle of Haoshuichuan became a stain on Han Qi's life!
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="115" > Song and Xia fought three battles in DingchuanZhai, and lost again</h1>
After the fiasco of Haoshuichuan, the Song emperor finally saw the situation clearly and decided to turn from attack to defense and hold the border, which was the best strategy at that time.
Li Yuanhao came all the way from Sanchuankou and Haoshuichuan, and the more courageous he became, his ambition was no longer to "make money", but to make a boundary with the Yellow River with the Great Song.
Fortunately, the front line between the Song Dynasty and the Western Xia had always been well defended, and Li Yuanhao, who had no way, set his sights on Weizhou. Fu Bi once rebuked some of the ministers of the Song court after the First Battle of Song Xia for wanting to hoard troops in Yanzhou for protection, thinking that this was to hand over Tongguan to people, but he did not know that after the two wars, Li Yuanhao really paid attention to Tongguan.
The Song army's military strength in Guanzhong was weak, so Li Yuanhao gathered a large army to the south, and Chang'an was also within his ambitions. Li Yuanhao was pressing forward step by step, and the morale of the Song Dynasty was gradually defeated, and there was a way that "fu fights, courage also." One drum is angry, then it is declining, and three are exhausted", one drum is not won, and everyone has no bottom in their hearts.
The defense of Weizhou belonged to the Jingyuan Road, and the commander Wang Yan heard that Li Yuanhao was rushing at them, so he ordered his subordinate Ge Huaimin to lead an army to meet the battle, and there was an example of Han Qi's horse losing its front hoof, and he told Ge Huaimin to accept it when he saw it was good, and it was not good to go deep into the enemy army.
The Song army set out with a nervous mood, Li Yuanhao was still a method of "luring the enemy to go deeper" to the Song army, and after Ge Huaimin's army entered Dingchuan Village, he ordered people to cut off Lao Ge's back road and gave them an urn to catch turtles.
Lao Ge and the others were cut off from the back road, the water source was also cut off, the people were sleepy and tired, they didn't have enough water to drink, even if they still had the heart to fight, they wanted to march quickly, at this time the Western Xia army rushed up, the Song army of more than 10,000 people, the commander of more than twenty people were all killed.
Li Yuanhao took advantage of the victory to pursue, and together they hit Weizhou, killing, burning, looting, doing everything, and posting notices everywhere, threatening to take Chang'an.
The sergeants of Jingyuan Road hid in the tent and did not even dare to breathe in the atmosphere, and the people of Weizhou City could only go out of the city to hide between the valleys to avoid war, and for a while, under the prosperity of the Qingming Dynasty, no one could take care of the rebellion of the Western Xia army, which was really ironic!
When the news of the great defeat reached Kaifeng again, the Song Dynasty monarchs had already expressed their shock directly from the initial contempt and later shame, and Lü Yijian, who was then the prime minister of the Song Dynasty, exclaimed, "A war is not as good as a war, but it is terrible!" ”
After these three major wars, the Song and Xia countries entered a period of stalemate. On the one hand, although the Song Dynasty lost all three battles, there were still a large number of soldiers hoarding on the border line, which were not human, material, and financial resources that western Xia could resist for a while.
Of course, for the Song Dynasty, in these years of war with the Western Xia, the loss of troops will not be said, and the consumption of military expenses alone will make the imperial court miserable; Li Yuanhao's side is also in a dilemma; since the war with the Song Dynasty, the Western Xia has been blocked by the Song Dynasty's economy, and there is no reward to say, the border trade has been closed, the Western Xia in the north and the Song Dynasty, which is rich in land, are incomparable, coupled with natural disasters and man-made disasters, the people have long been miserable.
When both sides were in a dilemma, Li Yuanhao asked for peace, and after the Battle of Dingchuanzhai, he sent envoys to Beijing five or six times, and finally in the fourth year of the Qing calendar, Song Xia and The beginning of the discussion were finalized.
Why did the Envoys of the Western Xia come so many times before the peace agreement between the two sides was finalized? Because at the beginning of the peace talks, The Western Xia still had to sit on an equal footing with the Song Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty resolutely could not bear to come back to a Liao state, and finally, driven by huge interests, Li Yuanhao was still called a "subject", and Song Renzong also crowned him as the King of Xia.
Li Yuanhao also did not be polite with the Song Dynasty, before the rebellion, the Song Dynasty "gave" the party items of the year gifts of gold, cloth, money 20,000 each, tea 40,000, this time in the peace talks, the Song Dynasty promised money, silk, tea 100,000.
Li Yuanhao was very dissatisfied with this, demanding a total of 300,000 yuan, and finally after some ridicule and bargaining, the two sides took a step back, and the "year gift" given to Western Xia by the Song Dynasty every year was 200,000, but in fact it was as much as 200,000.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="122" > pear white nagging</h1>
In this way, the Song and Xia Wars, which were not as good as the First World War, were over, and I believe that you also have a certain understanding of the military strength and combat effectiveness of the Song Dynasty. In fact, the Song Dynasty really did not lack soldiers, and compared with the previous dynasties, his military expenditure and the number of soldiers were much more, and there were many reasons why the First World War was not as good as the First World War, mainly inseparable from the military system of the Song Dynasty.
The Western Xia War allowed us to see another scene under the prosperity of The Ming Dynasty of Emperor Renzong of Song, where military instability, large military expenditures, and the policy of defending the interior caused by the policy of defending the outside world were troublesome.
After the Song-Xia War, Song Renzong made some adjustments in border matters, restored the Shaanxi deployment strategy, and gave the civilian ministers who commanded the department the power to act cheaply, but whether it was useful or not, the history of the Song Dynasty has told us later.
The fourth year of the Qing calendar was a very important year during the reign of Emperor Renzong of Song, and after the end of the war with the Western Xia, the military and economic crisis of the Song Dynasty was exposed, and the Song Dynasty, known as the "Fat Song", became a weak Song, so Fan Zhongyan and others began to seek the road of changing the law from top to bottom.
We have shared the Song and Xia Wars that are not as good as the First World War, what do the little friends think about this? Hurry up and leave your insight in the comment area, Li Bai looks forward to everyone's praise Oh ~
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Reference Books:
"The Story of ShuiShui"
"Continuation of the Zhizhi TongjianChang"
History of the Song Dynasty