In this special graduation season
Have you all found the job you want?
"Can a person become a talent?"
Ultimately, it depends on his contribution to society."
Spanning several generations of Spring and Autumn
Today, let's go back a hundred years
Let's take a look at the Jiaotong University people at that time
On the topic of employment
What kind of story and responsibility do you have?
01 Directly administered departments assigned and graduated from the unified examination
Late Qing Dynasty and Early Ming Dynasty
A hundred years ago, at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the People's Republic, specifically in the 17 years from the summer of 1905 to the summer of 1921, Jiaotong University graduated a total of 331 junior college students, 1081 middle school students, and 579 higher primary school students, a total of 1991.
Group photo of teachers and students graduating from the fourth graduating class of the Civil Engineering College in 1913
During this period, the school successively came under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Posts and Communications, and the Ministry of Communications, and the professional settings and talent training were all oriented to the needs of the departments under their jurisdiction, and students were also assigned by the departments directly under their jurisdiction after graduation. During the period of the Higher Industrial School at the end of the Qing Dynasty, college graduates were supervised to fill in the resume of graduates and the examination results book of each semester since admission, as well as the bibliography of the textbooks used by the students, and other information, and prepared the articles to explain the Ministry of Posts and Communications, and divided the examination according to the subjects studied. A graduation examination will be conducted by the Ministry of Posts and Communications, and those who pass the examination will consult the Faculty of Education to give the title of Jinshi to the title of "Scholar" and be hired in different grades. Those who fail to pass the exam will stay in the classroom for one year, continue to take the examination, and handle it according to the same level, and if they still fail, they will be given a certificate of study and let them go to school.
Intern abroad in the early years of the Republic of China
At that time, as long as the graduation examination held by the Ministry of Posts and Communications and the Faculty of Education passed, there was no risk of unemployment. The school cultivates talents for the competent authorities to call first and is also recognized by the Faculty. In 1910, after reviewing the report of the university's railway specialty graduation re-examination to the Qing government to ask for assistance and recruitment, the faculty made it clear: "This school is specially designed by the Ministry of Posts and Communications, and the students in this class are trained in railway specialties, and after graduation, they should first do their best to call the Ministry of Posts and Communications, so that they are urgently needed." "From 1909 to 1911, the 4 classes of junior college students graduated a total of 41 students. Because the Ministry of Posts and Communications is in charge of the four political departments of road, telecommunications, mail, and wheel transportation, there are many materials needed, and there are very few graduates of transportation technology professionals in various schools in China, and there are very few returnees from study abroad projects, so graduates in the late Qing Dynasty were all reported by the school to the Ministry of Posts and Communications to arrange employment, or sent to study abroad, internship and further study, in preparation for future envoys.
02 Multiple ways to solve the problem of employment
First year of the Democratic Country
After the Xinhai Revolution, the Ministry of Communications no longer conducted a unified examination for graduates, and at the same time abolished the method of grading and hiring as long as the examination was passed in the late Qing Dynasty. Graduates after 1912 solved the problem of employment through various channels:
1) Select the best to send abroad to study;
2) Introduced by the Ministry of Communications to the railway bureaus for probation in the name of interns, after a period of time, selected by the road bureau as a staff member or engineer. There are also road bureaus that conduct an examination for the students introduced, and those who pass are designated as regular employees, and those who are unqualified are retained for internship;
3) A small number of recommendations to the relevant government departments for arrangement;
4) A small number of people also introduce the corresponding work through the school, alumni or business people.
Group photo of high school graduates and faculty in 1916
In the early years of the Republic of China, there were only a few college students graduating from engineering every year in China. However, due to the warlord regime, the political situation is turbulent, and the people's livelihood is poor, even a limited number of engineering university graduates are useless. The university is under the leadership of the Ministry of Communications, and the employment of college graduates is not yet a problem, but the phenomenon of non-use of learning is relatively common. President Tang Wenzhi has written to the Ministry of Communications, various railway bureaus, and electrical departments several times, recommending the recruitment of graduates of the university's civil engineering and electrical engineering colleges, but in the end they could not all be hired. The school had to recommend employment to major factories and mines in China, which partially alleviated the employment pressure. At a traffic conference held by the Ministry of Communications in 1916, the school put forward opinions on the issue of employment: "Most of the students in the school are very expensive, and after completing their studies, they fail to understand the decision, so it is inevitable that they will be scattered and seek their own affairs." It is even a pity that Chu Material is used to promote it, or to use it contrary to its strengths. To this end, the school established the Student Employment Department in May 1918 to provide information and guidance for graduate employment. Compared with other schools, the employment path of our graduates is still relatively good. The main reason is that the school has a large reputation and a long history; there are many alumni and a wide range of doors; the quality of homework is high, especially the mathematics and science; and the learning style is more diligent and frugal. Coupled with the fact that it is subordinate to the Ministry of Communications, the needs of the transportation industry first consider the graduates of the schools directly under the jurisdiction. In particular, before and after the end of the world's first world war in 1918, the domestic social economy has achieved greater development, and the development of transportation and national enterprises has been particularly rapid, which has brought opportunities for the employment of students in the university, which has fundamentally changed the situation of poor employment situation in the early years of the Republic of China, and even the situation of short supply. In 1919, in the face of many letters from Chinese and foreign industrial and commercial enterprises requesting the employment of students of the university, the school had no graduates to send, and had to issue a "critical notice" to the graduates, which said:
Graduates of the engineering department of the university have been hired by the National Engineering Bureau of china, the industrial companies set up by Chinese businessmen and major factories in the West over the years, and more and more are very competent. This year's graduates are not enough to be assigned, and the successor letters are stacked to the school, and there are many important positions in various places, and they cannot be transferred. Therefore, it is specially announced that those who have not been appointed to important positions after graduating from the college of the university will come to the school to report at any time and can be sent in case of shortage.
03 The employment field began to diversify
1920s and 1930s
By around 1920, due to the increase in demand for school graduates in various factories and mining companies and other practical circles, and the generous treatment, many students were attracted to work. For example, 4 people, including Zhi Bingyuan and Yu Runsheng, graduates of the Electrical Engineering Department in 1920, were introduced by Shelton to work at Shenchang Foreign Firm, a famous American business organization in Shanghai, and began to earn a monthly salary of 65 yuan, and if the performance appraisal was qualified for one year, they could be added to 115 yuan, and the treatment was quite generous. However, the average student, out of national feelings, would rather give up high salaries and be willing to serve in national enterprises or other domestic sectors. Yu Runsheng left Shenchang Foreign Firm after a year of work. After graduating in 1915, American teachers recommended him to work at Shanghai Mobil Oil, which paid well, but He declined politely. He later said: "I don't care how much money I have, but when I think of myself as a publicly-funded student at a national university, I am a little reluctant to go to work in a foreign institution just after graduation." ”
Questionnaire of college graduates in the 1930s
In this way, the employment scope of students in the university has gradually expanded, and it is no longer limited to the Ministry of Communications, study abroad and other ways, and the employment field has begun to diversify. Zhou Haoquan, a graduate of the Class of Civil Engineering in 1920, recalled the employment of the 16 graduates of the class:
Of our first graduating class, in addition to four who stayed in the United States at their own expense, five of the remaining twelve went to work in foreign business institutions, three (including me) became secondary school teachers, one went to the construction factory as a supervisor, and three were hired by the government to work as administrators in the Public Works Bureau.
Studying abroad, entering Chinese and foreign manufacturers, middle school teachers, and the Ministry of Communications have become the four major employment directions for the graduates of the year. The expansion of the employment field shows that the achievements and abilities of the graduates of the school have been widely recognized by all sectors of society, and also provides a realistic opportunity for the school to gradually break through the transportation field in the direction of talent training, which is conducive to the school to play a greater social service function.
I wish you all a way to overcome the difficulties
Find the job that suits you
Shine for society in their own way
Today you are proud of Jiaotong University
Tomorrow Jiaotong University is proud of you
Source: Wang Zongguang, editor-in-chief, Ou Qijin, ed., History of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Volume II, "The Founding of a Modern University of Engineering."