In 1928, Zhu De (right) and Mao Zedong met at Jinggangshan
During the Jinggangshan period, in order to strangle the newborn revolutionary regime in its cradle, the Kuomintang army repeatedly "attacked and suppressed" the Revolutionary Base Area of Jinggangshan. In the battle of bullets and rain, it not only tested the courage, courage and courage of both sides, but also tested the minds and strategies of both sides. For Zhu De, an important leader of the Jinggangshan revolutionary base area, it is even more necessary to experience a comprehensive and completely new test -- the love with the iron-blooded brothers. Because most of the main generals of the Kuomintang army who invaded the Jinggangshan base area were his former colleagues, colleagues, and even brothers. What made Zhu De have to fight with them and stain them with blood?
There is a reason for the same root, and the "model two Zhu" is contrary to this
If history can be assumed, perhaps the history of Jinggangshan will really be rewritten. For example, during the Jinggangshan period, if it were not for Zhu Peide in Jiangxi, it would most likely have been the absence of the Zhumao Red Army. Because Zhu Peide is not in Jiangxi, Zhu De may not go to Nanchang, and even if he goes to Nanchang, he will have less to rely on. Then, when the Nanchang uprising was divided, the commander of the Sanheba would not be Zhu De, and perhaps others did not know, but who was as firm and bearable as Zhu De? If this remnant of the Nanchang Uprising had ceased to exist, there would have been no Shonan Uprising and the Jinggangshan Division, and it would be difficult to say how the Red Fourth Army would develop, because it would be very difficult for the Autumn Harvest Uprising troops on the Xianggan-Gansu border to survive and develop in this particular historical gap. Some people think that this is providence, in fact, from the relationship between Zhu De and Zhu Peide, it may be considered that Zhu Peide's intention. Historically, Zhu Peide, who was two years younger and had only one more word in his name, was not so reactionary, and even he was "a relatively honest man among the old soldiers, and his Third Army was closer to us"—Zhu De once commented on his brother-in-law, close friend, and superior.
Zhu Peide was born into a family of eunuchs, his parents died when he was young, and he was raised by his grandmother. In the Yunnan Wu tang, Zhu Peide and Zhu De are alumni. In the strict and almost cruel military training, the two encouraged each other, helped each other, and were selected into the special class because of their excellent grades, and were called the "model two Zhu" of the school. In 1911, the Wuchang Uprising broke out, shaking the whole country, and Yunnan responded. Zhu Peide was assigned to the Western Yunnan Patrol Envoy Li Gen as a reconnaissance platoon leader, and was soon promoted to company commander. In June 1913, he was selected to be sent to the Infantry Section of the Lecture Hall for further study, and after graduation, he was promoted to battalion commander. Later, due to his meritorious contributions in defending the country and the Northern Expedition, Zhu Peide became the commander of the Third Army of the National Revolutionary Army, on a par with Chiang Kai-shek, Tan Yanmin, and Li Jishen. Although his army had only 8 regiments, the weakest army, the first those Prominent Figures of the Dian Dynasty had already fallen behind and could only come to him. Since then, Zhu Peide has become the highest figure in the Yunnan Army.
Zhu Peide
If Zhu Peide's "tolerance tendency" is interpreted as an unusually bumpy life, thus forming a humble and generous character, which became the reason why he firmly followed Sun Yat-sen and always stood in the middle and left in the internal struggle of the Kuomintang in the future, it should be generally justified.
After the Zhongshan Incident in 1926, Xiong Shihui, the education chief of the Third Military Academy, wanted to follow in Chiang Kai-shek's footsteps, surround the Political Department of the Third Army, and eliminate the CCP political workers, but was dismissed by Zhu Peide. In the 1927 Nanchang April 2nd Uprising, Fang Zhimin and others arrested Cheng Tianfang, the leader of the "AB Regiment", and Zhu Peide watched, which was equivalent to assisting the CCP in eradicating the "AB Regiment". After the April 12 counter-revolutionary coup, Zhu Peide took a great risk to welcome the communists Zhu De and Guo Moruo to Nanchang and appointed Zhu De as the General Counselor of the Fifth Front, the head of the Third Army Officers' Instruction Regiment, and the director of the Nanchang City Public Security Bureau. Guo Moruo wrote the famous essay "Please see Chiang Kai-shek today" here. When Chiang Kai-shek sabotaged the first Kuomintang-Communist cooperation and comprehensively purged communists and revolutionary volunteers, Zhu Peide sent gifts to the above-mentioned political work cadres in the three armed forces in a civilized manner, and said at the mobilization meeting: "Those who stay are welcome, those who leave are happy, and Zhu Mou will never embarrass his brothers." "It was sent to Wuhan in two batches by special car, and each person was given three months' food and travel expenses.
For Zhu De who remained, Zhu Peide still trusted as before. Even in late July 1927, when Zhu Peide was aware that Zhu De, He Long, and Ye Ting were closely linked and that there must be important moves, Zhu Peide not only did not control Zhu, He, and Ye, but instead sent his subordinate General Wang Jun, who was also a classmate of Zhu De, to Suichuan to take control of the troops, and he himself asked Chiang Kai-shek for leave to go to Lushan for recuperation.
During the Jinggangshan period, Zhu Peide was transferred by Chiang Kai-shek to be the commander-in-chief of Xianggan's "suppression of bandits", and the "model erzhu" competed on the same stage, but the master and brother could not help the master and brother, so they had to retire in disgrace. Some people conclude that Zhu Peide has no military command ability, but in fact, Zhu Peide has made many military achievements in the subsequent Central Plains War and other operations. He himself became the chief of staff of the Kuomintang army, the director of military training, the director of the general office of the Central Military Commission, and a member of the Standing Committee of the Central Military Commission. After that, he, together with Feng Yuxiang, Yan Xishan, He Yingqin, Li Zongren, Zhang Xueliang, etc., became the first batch of first-class generals.
In February 1937, Zhu Peide died of illness at the age of 48. When Zhu De heard this bad news, he felt very sad and regretful!
Sincerity is opened to gold, and charcoal is sent in the snow for the king
At the Yunnan Daowu Hall, Zhu De and the later famous Dian generals Zhu Peide, Fan Shisheng, Jin Handing, Wang Jun, Yang Chisheng and others were employed by the same window, and they got along day and night, and formed a deep friendship. Among them, the one who had a deep friendship with Zhu De and helped the ZhuMao Red Army the most, so that Zhu De could not forget his old feelings later, was Fan Shisheng. As Jude said, "We always have our hearts in our hearts." ”
Fan Shisheng
Fan Shisheng, a native of Eshan, Yunnan. He participated in the Xinhai Revolution, the Patriotic War and the Northern Expedition. When he was studying at the Yunnan Daowutang, he joined the League through Zhu De's introduction, and was in the same group as Zhu De, often secretly circulating and copying the "Minbao" and other progressive books and periodicals, and discussing military uprisings.
Later, Fan Shisheng lived in an important position in the Kuomintang army, but because he was not a concubine of Chiang Kai-shek and had friction with Chiang Kai-shek in the past when presiding over a military conference, Chiang Kai-shek was wary and malicious toward Fan. In addition, the Warlords of the Gui Clan in the south and the Xiang Warlords in the North were crowding against him in an attempt to take away the only small piece of land he had. Fan Shisheng was unwilling, anxious to expand his power, and very eager to find a reliable ally to obtain the capital to bargain with Chiang Kai-shek.
The CCP understands Fan Shisheng's situation very well. Long before the Nanchang Uprising, the CCP established an organization in Fanbu to maintain united front relations. When the Nanchang rebel forces went south, they learned that Zhu De had led his troops into Shangbao, and Fan Shisheng took the initiative to send his communist Wei Bocui to contact Zhu De and hoped to cooperate with him. Zhu De was overjoyed and quickly wrote a long letter to Fan Shisheng on November 2, 1927. Half a month later, Fan Shisheng wrote a reply. The gist of the letter is: Spring City is parted, hurriedly for several years. With the great ambition of saving the country and saving the people, the brother crossed the ocean and sought the way to rejuvenate the country and save the country. And Nanchang in one fell swoop, the world's attention, brother sincerely admired Liang deeply. Although we are temporarily in the midst of adversity, the Central Plains are chasing deer, all sides are rising, and whose hands the deer died is still unknown. The points mentioned in the letter are foolish, and the brother should do his best to help, and if the brother rises again, the coming day is immeasurable. The brother is now sending people to the fence, and he is not a long-term plan, and he wants to discuss good strategies with his brother in order to seek self-reliance and self-improvement. Xi Ji drove rucheng in vain, and met at the only place in the day. We look forward to it.
It was precisely because of the touching act of the friendship between Zhu De and Fan Shisheng that the remnants of the Nanchang uprising were able to "fraudulently use" the number of the 140th Regiment of the Forty-seventh Division of the Sixteenth Army of the Kuomintang Army and relieve the rebel troops of their predicament. The troops were not only given guns, ammunition, clothing, and other military supplies, but also were given a recuperation, so that the revolutionary contingent, which had no food or clothing and was on the verge of collapse, overcame difficulties and once again gained the conditions for survival, strength, and development. It was also at the crucial moment when Fan Shisheng was a friend who was full of righteousness and did not forget the friendship of the same window, and at the crucial moment when a subordinate reported to Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Kai-shek telegraphed that Zhu Debu should be immediately resolved on the spot and arrest zhu De, Fan Shisheng calmly and unhurriedly informed Zhu De to evacuate and sent silver rounds and bullets to Zhu De's troops to show friendship and sincerity, and only then did the expansion and development of the rebel troops in Shonan be carried out.
In July 1928, in order to protect the Twenty-ninth Regiment that had ventured into Shonan because of its desire to return to his hometown, Zhu De led the Twenty-eighth Regiment (that is, the remnants of the Nanchang Uprising) and then marched to Shonan. When the Twenty-ninth Regiment had already caught fire with Fan Shisheng's troops, and under the expectations of the deputies of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee and the officers and men of the Twenty-ninth Regiment, Zhu De, who was in a dilemma, had to order the Twenty-eighth Regiment to fight a battle that should not be fought for the sake of the interests of the Party and the Red Army, against his own will.
The battle made Judd feel guilty. In several conversations recalling the arduous journey from the Nanchang Uprising to Jinggangshan, he talked about Fan Shisheng many times and was always full of gratitude to Fan Shisheng. In 1944, Zhu De said at the symposium on compiling the combat history of the Red First Army: "Because of my personal classmate relationship with Fan Shisheng, our soldiers, guns, uniforms, medicine, etc. have been replenished, and the troops have also been well rested. All this has played a great role in our future struggles!" In November 1957, Zhu De talked with Mo Wenhua, vice president of the Political Academy of the People's Liberation Army, and said that Fan Shisheng had given him a number of guns, bullets and supplies. In June 1960, Zhu De, Chen Qihan and Yang Zhicheng also said in a conversation: "At that time, cooperation with Fan Shisheng was beneficial to us. ”
Because fan Shisheng treated Zhu De and the rebel troops favorably, Chiang Kai-shek held a grudge in his heart, first demoted Fan to division commander, then changed him to column commander, and in 1934 forced him to resign from his real post and give him a false title of military senator. In 1936, Chiang Kai-shek instructed Yu Hanmou, chairman of Guangdong Province, to disarm Fan Shisheng's 51st Division. After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, Fan Shisheng returned to Kunming, Yunnan Province, with his family, to practice medicine and earn a living. On March 17, 1939, he was assassinated.
If the language is not vain, the "two sheep" in Jiangxi are not beautiful
"Those who have survived a hundred battles can hold up the sky." From the conquest of two or two, the general is left with three or three. This is Zhu De's autographed poem on the back of a photograph taken by Zhu De and eight colleagues in luzhou artesian well apartment in 1919. The "two two" in this poem refers to the two armies of the Dian Army entering Sichuan twice. "Three threes" refers to the nine generals who took the group photo: Zhu De, Lan Fu, Yang Ximin, Jin Handing, Zhao Suisheng, Tang Boilingchuan, Yang Ruxuan, Yang Chisheng, etc. The meaning of this poem is profound, in addition to fully showing the friendship between Zhu De and his classmates that grew up in battle and the heroic courage to sacrifice for the revolution, and has a unique and blood-curdling ideological power, it seems to be more like a Zen machine that contains a certain destiny.
Yang Ruxuan
As the core members of the "Wuhua Society", a radical organization with the aim of enriching the country and strengthening the army and saving China, Yang Ruxuan and Yang Chisheng were not only Zhu De's classmates, but also brothers and brothers, and were also enthusiastic young people. Compared with other students, Yang Ruxuan and Yang Chisheng's "popularity" is much higher, but their "high popularity" is not very glorious, and they are "famous" by "entering and suppressing" the Jinggangshan revolutionary base area and being beaten to the ground by their old classmates.
In June 1928, the Kuomintang army carried out the third "offensive and suppression" of the Red Army and the base areas. Yang Ruxuan, the commander of the Twenty-seventh Division of the Thirty-first Army of the Kuomintang Army, took the lead in throwing himself mercilessly at his brother at that time. Unfortunately, in the Battle of Yongxin, Yang Ruxuan was defeated, a regiment was destroyed, and he was shot with his left hand and fell from the city wall, almost dying. However, Yang Ruxuan's defeat contributed a lieutenant general to the People's Liberation Army. Lieutenant General Tan Furen, who served as political commissar of the Kunming Military Region after the founding of the People's Republic of China, was captured by the Red Army after the failure of this "offensive and suppression", and then sang the "International Song" and was discovered by Chen Shiyu and joined the Red Army.
A month later, the Nationalist forces in Jiangxi were put under the command of Yang Chisheng, commander of the Ninth Division of the Third Army, with the assistance of Yang Ruxuan. Yang Chisheng sent Li Wenbin (Zhu De's student at the Wu tang in Yunnan) as a pioneer and attacked again with Yang Ruxuan. However, Zhu De did not give face to his disciples and students, and gave them another military lesson in the Battle of Qixiling. This time, Zhu De strafed with a submachine gun in his hand, beating the other side to a mess. Yang Ruxuan's left hand was not well injured, his right arm was shot again, and the basic troops were wiped out. Yang Chisheng was also seriously wounded in the battle and fled back to Ji'an. Since then, a song and ballad has been popular on Jinggang Mountain: "It does not take the Red Army three points to defeat two sheep in Jiangxi." The fiasco left the "two sheep" devastated. Later, they were transferred to Nanjing to serve as counselors. Subsequently, Yang Chisheng served as an adviser to the Yunnan Provincial Government, and Yang Ruxuan served as the commander of the Yunnan Provincial Gendarmerie.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the people's government sentenced "two sheep" to prison terms. In 1951, Yang Chisheng was released on medical parole and died of illness soon after. Yang Ruxuan has been in prison. In 1964, Zhu De inspected Kunming, and after Yang Ruxuan knew about it, he wrote a letter to Zhu De, asking for leniency. In the end, the result of Yang Ruxuan's treatment was that the sentence was not reduced and executed outside of prison.
In 1978, after Yang Ruxuan was released from prison, he was arranged to work at the Yunnan Provincial Museum of Culture and History. In the face of the lenient treatment of the people's government and Zhu De's recklessness, Yang Ruxuan was very uneasy in his heart, especially expressing guilt for the action of commanding the army to "attack" the Jinggangshan revolutionary base area, and once wrote a confessional poem: "For more than thirty years, a dream is empty, and Yongxin is attached to the rebellion and confrontation." It has not been lined up, and it has been reported that the bullets are full of flowers in the city. The flying general swooped suddenly during the day, and the two Yangs had no plan to put their bodies on the surface. A group of strong troops to flat China, hao yu impressively convinced the general Rong. ”
Facing the iron-blooded brothers, but also facing each other with swords and guns, this is a helpless and necessary choice for Zhu De, because as a communist, Zhu De has different commitments, duties and beliefs from them, because of this great and lofty faith and the heart of a child who loves the country and the people, even if the swords and guns are pointed at each other, it is better than the long-term defense!
——Excerpted from "Party History Expo", No. 09, 2011