Li Shutong's original text of "Farewell":
Outside the long pavilion, beside the ancient road, the grass is green. The evening wind blows the willow flute, and the sunset is outside the mountain.
The end of the sky, the corner of the earth, the knowledge of the half-scattered. A pot of turbid wine is all over the place, don't dream cold tonight.
Outside the long pavilion, beside the ancient road, the grass is green. Ask jun when to go back, and when he comes, don't linger.
The end of the sky, the corner of the earth, the knowledge of the half-scattered. Life is rare to be together, only to be separated.
Li Shutong:
Throughout Li Shutong's life, it can be described as legendary and magical, and it can be called an all-rounder and a wizard. His father, Zeng Fujia, was nearly the age of Hua Jia and gave birth to his youngest son Li Shutong with a concubine. When he was 5 years old, his father died, and he received a good education later, coupled with talent, poetry, calligraphy and painting proficiency, but in the era of great social changes and great turmoil at the beginning of the last century, the teenager was unmotivated, full of enthusiasm and talent and could not be displayed, it can be said that all day long spent drinking, paper drunk gold fans. After finally studying art in Japan in a confused way, in order to save the country through art, he returned to China to engage in painting, music and other educational work. It is only during this period that it is a full life. As a result, he created a precedent for fine arts and Western music, and was known as a musician, art educator, calligrapher, and theater activist by posterity, and was one of the pioneers of Chinese drama.
Who Did Uncle Li write to in "Farewell":
In the spring of 1912, the 33-year-old Li Shutong went from Tianjin to Shanghai to teach, and later joined the literary and art group "Chengnan Literary Society" at that time, and because of the exchange and love of poetry, he got to know Xu Xianyuan, Zhang Xiaolou, Cai Xiaoxiang and Yuan Xilian, and married Jinlan and became the "Five Friends of Tianya". The exchange of poems and articles on weekdays has also made their friendship gradually closer, and it can be said that they are the best friends of their lives.
In the same year, he was invited to teach in Hangzhou and wrote an enduring "Farewell" in order to bid farewell to his best friend. To be precise, it should be written to Xu Fanyuan, one of the "Five Friends of Tianya". After Li Shutong joined the "Seongnam Literary Society", Xu Xianyuan admired his talent very much, so he invited him to move to his home, that is, seongnam Caotang.
It is conceivable that the friendship between Li Shutong and Xu Xiangyuan is definitely stronger than that of the other three, so when he left Shanghai, he wrote "Farewell" to show his reluctance.
Li Shutong's "Farewell" notes:
Yerba Buena: Also used as a metaphor for loyal and virtuous people, it is derived from the image of "vanilla beauty" in Qu Yuan's "Departure from Sorrow".
Broken: broken, broken, here used to describe the flute sound is sparse.
Scattered: Here is used to describe the old confidants and friends of their own ends, difficult to find.
Pot: also known as "斛" "Scoop"
End: Finish, dissolve.
Li Shutong's "Farewell" analysis:
The word is catchy and meaningful to read, and the song is even more emotional and desolate. The style of this word is simple and unpretentious, although there is no ancient famous sentence in the whole word, but the overall image can be called, in one go. At the beginning, when writing the parting scene, only one paragraph and two sentences and 23 words were used to describe the long pavilion, the ancient road, the yerba buena, the evening wind, the weeping willow, the residual flute, the sunset, the mountains, the end of the world, and so on, and immediately created a separate panorama for people.
This kind of quaint artistic conception is impossible to achieve without profound literary cultivation and foundation. These scenes are common in farewell poems for thousands of years, and it can be said that any scene contains a strong sense of sadness. Li Shutong expressed these scenes in a poem, and with the impact of a special sound, it strongly shook the heartstrings of Chinese parting thoughts, and became a cultural psychological symbol of the Chinese people's farewell and parting.
"Long Pavilion". The pavilion is also stopped, and the long pavilion is a farewell place on land. In ancient times, a long pavilion was set up about ten miles apart on the road of the post station, and a short pavilion was set up in five miles for tourists to rest and bid farewell. Later, "Long Pavilion" became synonymous with the farewell place. Liu Yong's "Raining Bells" writes about these two images at the same time, namely "cold and miserable, late to the long pavilion." The Changting Ancient Road has been equated with parting and farewell, not only a place, but also an emotion.
"Ancient Road". Ancient roads refer to the old post roads. Ancient Taoists, when the ancient people moved across the air, they were transported to the road of travel; through the dynasties, sewing the thread of sorrow and happiness. It can be seen that the "ancient road" is a parting place through time and space, in the general sense. Liu Yong, the most representative lyricist of the famous gentle school of the Northern Song Dynasty, in the "Youth Tour", "The Chang'an Ancient Road is delayed, and the high willow cicadas are hoarse" all show the parting, desolation and sorrow of the lyricist. After the Tang Dynasty, it often appeared in parting poems, and here "ancient road sending" is the expression of parting sorrow!
"Yerba Buena". When Confucius said in the Book of Poetry, he once said that "more knowledge is than the fate of birds, animals, plants and trees", which has become a way for posterity to understand the Book of Poetry, that is, to explore the philosophy of life contained in poetry and the emotional will of the ancestors with the nature of grass and trees. Yerba Buena does not specifically refer to a certain kind of grass or a flower, and sometimes even a general term for flowers and grasses. Born with spring, prosperous in summer, withered in autumn, withered through winter, because the ancient debasement of officials left migration is generally in the spring, the grass has the meaning of parting; away from the grass, the spring wind blows, this goes through the years, so it has the meaning of nostalgia. Tang Wang Wei's "Farewell in the Mountains": "Sending each other in the mountains, the sun hides the firewood." The spring grass will be green next year, and the wang and grandson will not return. "Song Li Qingzhao's "Dotted Lips, Girl's Thoughts"" Where are the people. Even the sky is grassy, looking at the way back. ”
"Evening Wind". The wind of late farewell will always be more depressed. Therefore, Tang Feng Yanshu wrote in "Huanxi Sha Drunken Reminiscence of the Spring Mountain Leaning Building": "The evening wind is oblique and the sun is not sad. Song WangQian also has the words in the same word card as "Drizzle Xiao Xiao Mo ZuoQiu." The evening breeze willows are cold. Wordless tears spilled on the West Building". The green tree pavilion carries the sunset light, and the evening wind blows the sideburns. Tang DuMu's "Heron And Partridge" flew away to the Bishan Mountains, and a tree of pear blossoms fell in the evening wind. (Startled to fly, reflected in the turquoise of the distant peaks, a tree of pear blossoms blown down by the evening wind)
"Weeping Willow". The willow is the most common scene in the ancient farewell poem, because the "willow" and "stay" two tones are harmonious, and the willow branches are clinging to each other, and the strips are sentient. The ancients also took its righteousness to express their attachment and leave it with willows. The ancients used "folded willow" to send off, indicating the unspeakable and inseparable feelings of leaving people." The wind of "folding willow" was popular especially in the Tang and Song dynasties, so "folding willow" also became a synonym for gifting knowledge. Tang Wang Wei's "Sending Yuan Er envoy Anxi": "Weicheng is raining and dusting, and the guest house is green and willowy." Persuade the jun to drink a glass of wine, and go out of the west to yang guan without a reason. ”
"Flute Sound". The flute is an ancient traditional musical instrument. The tone of the flute is melodious and poignant, and it is easy to make yourself sad; and the whimpering of the flute is even more tragic and lonely. The flute sound is melodious and intermittent, which is easy to cause people's associations and memories and evoke people's parting. Flute sound three lanes, plum heart broken, how much spring affection - Li Qingzhao "Lonely Goose"; the flute sound according to the reed flowers, the white bird line suddenly startled. — Pan Lang's "Jiuquanzi"; the broken willows should be countless, and the flute blowing degree away from the pavilion should be countless. — Naran Sex de "Chrysanthemum New"; hibiscus is not folded, and the flute blows up Sai Yun's sorrow. — Wu Yong's "Shangxi Ping"; the color pillow hates the vast expanse. The flute is long in the night. —Won Ji, "Bodhisattva Man"
"Sunset". At sunset, cattle and sheep descend the mountain. The setting sun is the time to return home, and the parting at this time adds to the desolation. After sunset, if not eternal night, then sunset is the creator of the rising sun. From this point of view, the sunset is not the end, but another starting point, representing an eternity. "The sunset is infinitely better, just near dusk." There are poems describing the sunset; there is also Bai Juyi's "A remnant of the sun paving the water, half of the river is half red", which describes the sunset that falls on the river; "The sunset is red in the burning, the clear sky is better than the blue" is written about the sunset of the red victory over the fire; "The lotus belt is slanting the sun, and the green mountains are far away" describes the sunset when sending off friends. ”
"Mountains". The mountains are not only a natural barrier between the departed and the giver, but also a witness to the deep love and righteousness of the two sides of the parting. Therefore, scenes such as "mountains", "distant mountains", and "mountains outside the mountains" are also commonly found in the sentences of parting poems. Farewell, a kind of ancient travel custom. Because of the rugged roads, underdeveloped means of land and water transportation, the ancients traveled long distances, or took a boat, or rode a horse on foot, the mountains and rivers were obstructed, the trek was difficult, and there were all kinds of dangers on the road, relatives were separated, goodbye to the difficult period, so since the pre-Qin dynasty, there was a custom of worshiping the road god and then boarding the journey, which was intended to pray for peace all the way, called "ancestor".
"The End of the World". Interpretation of the end of the world: Describes a place that is extremely far away, or extremely far away. "Emperor Wu made a photo with the Lingnan Chieftain Haoshu": "The end of the world is defiant, the corner of the earth is leisurely" The endless is the sorrow, and the end of the world is searching everywhere. (Song Yanshu's "Tasha Xing")
"Zero Drop". Drifting, drifting. Southern Dynasty Liang Wang Monks and Children "He Sheng Ji People Have Grievances" poem: "Expelling subjects and abandoning concubines, zero heart can be known." Yuan Sadula "Song of Filling the Gap": "Broken windows can not be left cold, scattered Jiangnan restaurant guests." Su Manshu "Burning Sword": "And when Yuanyuan dies, the clouds also fall to the earth." ”
Li Shutong's writing method of "Farewell":
In the first section, the white drawing technique (white drawing, is to grasp the characteristics of things, a few strokes to outline the outline of things, abandoning various rhetorical techniques, but there is no lack of vivid expression. It's actually symbolization. Writing the scene and sending off the background of the Yerba Buena Tianya, the author white painted three images of "Long Pavilion", "Ancient Road" and "Yerba Buena". On the side of the ancient road outside the long pavilion, a piece of turquoise grass stretches into the distance - the background of the farewell. The long pavilion bids farewell, the road goes to the distance, and the grass is the end of the world - the empty, distant artistic conception outlines a faint sentimental parting.
The second section is also a white painting technique to write the scene, write the scene, and send off the background of the distant mountain sunset, "wind", "willow", "flute sound", "sunset" and "mountain" outline the scenery in the evening. The evening wind blows the willows, as if urging the departing people; the word "willow" is pronounced "stay", which contains a deep sense of reluctance. The evening wind also blew the flute, and the flute sound was faintly heard. We can't help but think of the great poet Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty, "Spring Night Los Angeles Smelling Flute", the flute whimpering, the sound of acacia, echoing in the night sky.
In the third verse, borrowing the scenery lyricism, the author is born from the feelings of jingsheng, and the old confidants are difficult to find in the end of the world. Needless to say, it is lightly sentimental, and it is overflowing with words. From this, we can understand the author's somewhat desolate state of mind.
In the fourth verse, the author pushes his own feelings to the extreme. How to dispel this parting sorrow, the author is happy with the wine, and the wine is happy, but the sorrow cannot be dissolved after all. The author then thought that in tonight's sleep, he would also feel a little chill. At this point, in the interlacing of time and space, the author summarizes the whole article with "drunken dream cold".