Questions about how to treat bee microparticle disease. It may be said that many beekeepers do not know about bee microparticle disease, and may even think that bees do not exist at all, but if we say bee microsporid disease, many friends may have heard of it. In fact, the bee microparticle disease mentioned here refers to bee microsporidiosis, for bee microsporidiosis, in bee breeding is actually mainly based on prevention, because the occurrence of bee microsporidiosis is summarized as fed-related, health-related, we can look at it from the following aspects.
1. Infectious characteristics of microsporidiosis of bees
2. Microsporidium characteristics of bees
3. Characteristics of bee disease
4. Prevention and control methods
Bees pollinate a flower to be flying and collecting
< h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > the infectious features of microsporidiosis in bees</h1>
For bee microsporidiosis, both eastern bees and western bees may carry bee microsporidium disease pathogens, but the current discovery of bee microsporidosis is only found in western bee breeding, and has not been found in eastern bee breeding, so our friends in breeding bees are best to further judge when they find the characteristics of bee microsporidosis, because in the past, cases of oriental bee disease have not been, but it is not ruled out that it will not occur.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > microsporidium characteristics of bees</h1>
(1) Microsporidium shape: Bee microsporidium disease belongs to the bee protozoa disease, the pathogen is bee microsporidium, infection of bees is characterized by only infected adult bees, not infected with bee eggs, larvae, pupae. Microsporidium bee is oblong oval rice grains, 4 to 6 microns in length and 2 to 3 microns wide, the outer wall is a spore membrane, the membrane thickness is uniform, the surface is smooth, it is highly refractive, and there are spiral-shaped polar filaments in the spores, which rely entirely on the body fluids of bees for vegetative development and reproduction.
(2) Microsporidium reproductive mode: Another feature of microsporidium is that it can reproduce in two ways, whether it is on the surface of the bee or in the body of the bee, when on the surface of the bee, the microsporidium of the bee survives in the form of spores, develops in the form of asexual reproduction, the development cycle is relatively short, generally about 48 hours, and the development mode is to form a wandering body through the spore release of polar filaments, and then gradually develop into mature spores. Another mode of reproduction is spore reproduction, in which one spore splits directly into two spores.
(3) Microsporidium infection of bees: microsporidium is mainly infected with bees that have been out of the room, whether it is a young bee or an elderly bee will be infected, in the case of a temperature of 31 to 32 degrees Celsius, adult bees after swallowing spores, as long as 36 hours will be infected, just out of the room of the young bees after 47 hours are infected, the spores initially invaded the epidermal cells at the back of the midgut, the severity of the bees infection is related to the time when the bees are infected, the longer the time, the more serious the infection, Generally after 86 h the epithelial cells at the posterior end of the midgut are almost filled with sporangia.
(4) Microsporidium vitality: Microsporidium vitality is relatively strong, generally in bee feces can survive for two years, in tap water can also survive for 113 days, but in the acidic environment but death is relatively fast.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > characteristics of bee disease</h1>
For bees infected with microsporidiosis, the more obvious features are crawling bees and influenza phenomena, and diseased bees usually show weakness, reluctance to fly and crawl around the hive, and bee feces appear in the hive. It is precisely because of this that the source of infection of bee microsporidiosis is mainly the pathogenic bee, because the diseased bee will not die in the short term, it is possible to transmit the pathogen to the bee tool and the fruit of the bee's labor, and our bee tool, honey, and pollen may become the source of infection of bee microsporosis.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > prevention method</h1>
In terms of control methods, mainly through the management of bee's overwintering feed, because the high incidence of microsporidiosis is in the spring, and there are cold places more likely to appear, so the bee overwintering feed to use high-quality honey, can not contain manna honey, for pollen and honey of unknown origin, to be used carefully, can be disinfected by steaming, disinfection time of more than 15 minutes, but there are also drawbacks, mainly caused by pollen or honey nutritional damage.
Pollen bees
In addition to the strict selection of bee feed, it is also a good idea to strictly disinfect the beehives before the spring breeding, and the beehives can be sprayed with a blowtorch lamp, and for those that cannot be sprayed, they can be cleaned with 2% to 3% sodium hydroxide solution. For the treatment of the problem, we already know that bee microsporidium is afraid of acidic environment, in some articles written by the bee tribe also mentioned that the bees are fed citric acid, in fact, this has a certain control effect on bee microsporidiosis, we can feed the bees in the early spring acid syrup, generally we use citric acid or rice vinegar to feed, citric acid feeding method is 1 kg syrup feeding citric acid 1 gram, or 1 kg syrup feeding rice vinegar 50 ml, This has a good preventive effect on the spring reproduction of bees.