In ancient history, the official position of Shang Shuling began in the Qin Dynasty, and was originally a subordinate official of Shaofu, responsible for managing Shaofu's documents and transmitting orders. In the beginning, Shang Shuling not only had a low official position, but also had no actual power. However, during the reign of Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty, in order to weaken the power of the Chancellor, he began to reuse the Shang Shu Ling, that is, to appoint the Shaofu Shangshu to handle the Tianxia Songzhang, which was equivalent to taking away part of the power of the Chancellor. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Shang Shuling's power was further enhanced, and even replaced the chancellor to a certain extent. For example, some ministers often "lead shangshu" (that is, record shangshushi).
Among them, as far as the Shu Han mentioned in this article is concerned, there are many ministers in history who have held the important official position of Shang Shuling. So, the question is, the eight "Shang Shu Ling" of the Shu Han Dynasty, Fa Zheng on the list, who are the other seven?
1. Fa-rectification
Fa Zheng (176-220), courtesy name Xiao Zhi. A native of Fufengguo (present-day Xiaofayi Town, Mei County, Shaanxi Province). At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Bei was a strategist under the account and the grandson of the famous scholar Fazhen. For Fa Zheng, originally a subordinate of Liu Zhang, Liu Bei persuaded Liu Zhang to surrender when he besieged Chengdu, and then he and Liu Bei advanced into Hanzhong and offered a plan to behead Cao Cao's general Xiahou Yuan. Fa Zheng was good at scheming and was deeply trusted and respected by Liu Bei. In the twenty-fourth year of Jian'an (219), Liu Bei ascended the throne as the King of Hanzhong, and Feng Fazheng was made Shang Shuling and a general of the protectorate. When Fa Zheng was serving as Shang Shu Ling, Zhuge Liang had not yet been made a chancellor, which meant that Fa Zheng's official position was not at all inferior to Zhuge Liang. However, it is a great pity that in 220 AD, Fa Zheng died.
2. Liu Ba
Liu Ba (?) –222), courtesy name Zi chu , was a native of Lingling County , Jingzhou ( in present-day Hengyang County , Shaodong County , Hunan Province ) , and a minister and scholar during the Shu and Han dynasties from the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period. After Liu Bei pacified Yizhou, Liu Ba was subordinate to Liu Bei and made him the left general Xi Cao (西曹掾). In 220, after the death of Fa Zheng, Liu Ba took over as Shang Shu Ling. For Liu Ba, it would have helped Zhuge Liang to share the government. However, in the second year of Zhang Wu (222), Liu Ba died. Liu Ba was erudite and talented, and worked with Zhuge Liang and others to formulate the Shu Ke. He was simple and simple, and his selfless friendship was highly respected by Chen Qun, the minister of Cao Wei.
3. Li Yan
Li Yan (?) –234), later renamed Li Ping (李平), also spelled Zhengfang, was a native of Nanyang. In 222 (the second year of Zhang Wu), Liu Bei defeated Wu and recruited Li Yan into the Yong'an Palace and appointed him Shangshu Ling. The following year, as Shang Shuling, Li Yan and Zhuge Liang together became Liu Bei's ministers. In 231 AD, during the Northern Expedition of the Shu army, Li Yan escorted the transportation of grain and grass because of the rain and the muddy road was delayed, and in order to shirk responsibility, he blamed Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, so that Zhuge Liang had to retreat, so he was convicted. Eventually, Li Yan was deposed as a commoner and moved to Zitong Commandery (梓潼郡, in modern Zitong, Sichuan). In this regard, in the author's opinion, compared with several other Shang Shu Orders in the history of the Shu Han Dynasty, Li Yan was selfish and selfish, and obviously failed to play a positive role.
Fourth, Jiang Huan
Jiang Wan(?) –246), courtesy name Gongyan. A native of Xiangxiang County, Lingling County. During the Three Kingdoms period, the Shu Han chancellor, together with Zhuge Liang, Dong Yun, and Fei Yi, was collectively known as the "Four Phases of Shu Han". Jiang Huan initially entered Shu with Liu Bei and became the county commander of Guangdu County. After Liu Bei's death, Jiang Huan was carefully trained by Zhuge Liang, and he was also a general of the Fu Army. In the twelfth year of Jianxing (234), Zhuge Liang, the shu Han chancellor, died. As Zhuge Liang's heir, Jiang Huan was worshipped by the later lord Liu Chan as Shangshu Ling, and he also added the capital protection, false festivals, led the History of Yizhou Assassination, and then moved the general to the general, recorded Shang Shushi, and sealed the Marquis of Anyangting. In the first year of Yanxi (238), Jiang Huan was ordered to open the capital, increase Sima and take over the power of Shu Han. As the de facto chancellor of the Shu Han Dynasty, Jiang Huan had made a plan to attack Cao Wei by water, but it was not adopted. In the ninth year of Yanxi (246), Jiang Huan died of illness and was given the nickname "Gong".
5. Fei Yi
Fei Yi (?) –February 253), courtesy name Wenwei ,字文伟), a native of Jiangxia (present-day Xiaochang County, Xiaogan, Hubei), was a famous shu Han courtier during the Three Kingdoms period, and was known as the Four Phases of Shu Han along with Zhuge Liang, Jiang Huan, and Dong Yun. For Fei Yi, zhuge liang was deeply valued, and repeatedly sent envoys to Eastern Wu, And Sun Quan, Zhuge Ke, Yang Yan, and others used words to make things difficult, while Fei Yi replied according to reason, had both words and meanings, and was always unyielding. Sun Quan was very surprised by his talent and treated him with courtesy. During Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition to Cao Wei, Fei Yi was made a central defender and then a Sima (司馬). At that time, Wei Yan and Yang Yi were at odds and often argued, and Fei Yi often advised the two of them and protected them to the fullest. After Zhuge Liang's death, Fei Yi was initially made a rear military division, then a Shang Shu Ling, an official to a general, and was made a township marquis. When Fei Yi was in charge of the Shu Han Dynasty, he was contrary to Jiang Wei's northern expedition, implementing a strategy of recuperation and recuperation, and devoted himself to the development of Shu Han. Fei Yi's personality is humble and sincere, quite incorruptible, and the family has no surplus wealth. Later, Guo Xun (一作郭脩) was later assassinated by Wei. He was buried in the west of the ancient city of Zhaohua in present-day Guangyuan City. Therefore, it is very obvious that Fei Yi's death was also a major loss for Shu Han, and it can even be said that it accelerated the process of Shu Han's demise.
6. Dong Yun
Dong Yun(?) –246), courtesy name Xiu Zhao, was a native of Zhijiang, Nan commandery (南郡, in modern Zhijiang, Hubei), a major minister of the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period, and the son of dong he, a general in charge of the army. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, his father Dong He followed Liu Zhang and served as the Taishou of Yizhou. Liu Beizhi made Liu Chan the crown prince, thinking that the prince washed horses, and later became the Yellow Gate Attendant. In the sixth year of Yanxi (243 AD), he was a general of the State of Jiafu. In the seventh year of Yanxi (244 CE), Dong Yun was promoted to Shang Shu Ling and served as the deputy of the general Fei Yi. In the ninth year of Yanxi (246 AD), Dong Yun died. It was precisely because he once held the official position of Shang Shuling, which was close to that of The Chancellor, that Dong Yun, along with Zhuge Liang, Jiang Huan, and Fei Yi, was called the "Four Phases of Shu Han".
7. Chen Qi
Chen Qi (?) –23 September 258), courtesy name Fengzong, was a native of Runan (present-day Pingyu, Henan), a chancellor of the Shu Han Dynasty during the Three Kingdoms period, and a grandson of Situ Xujing's elder brother. For Chen Qi, in his early years, he was appreciated by Fei Yi, and Dong Yun served as a servant after his death, and gradually became the favorite of Liu Chan, the lord of the Shu Han Dynasty, and the official Shang Shuling and the general of the Zhen Army, and even surpassed the power of the general Jiang Wei. As Shang Shu Ling, Chen Qi could participate in the handling of the imperial government, which was a power that was difficult for the general Jiang Wei to obtain. Of course, among the shu han ministers, Chen Qi supported Jiang Wei's northern expedition to the Central Plains, that is, it can be regarded as Jiang Wei's backing in the imperial court. However, it should be noted that Chen Qi pretended to make friends with the eunuch Huang Hao, causing Huang Hao to begin to interfere in the government and manipulate his authority. After Chen Qi's death, Liu Chan posthumously honored him as "Marquis Zhonghou".
VIII. Dong Jie
Finally, Dong Jie (東厥), courtesy name Gong Raider, was a native of Pingshi County, Yiyang County (present-day Tongbai County, Henan). During the Three Kingdoms period, shu Han was a heavy minister, and the zhenbei general Wei Yan was a fellow countryman. Zhuge Liang opened the government to govern the affairs, let Dong Yue serve as the lingshi of the XiangFu, and moved the main book of the Xiangfu, praised as a "good man". Li Qian Shangshu servant, Fengnan Xianghou. After the death of Shang Shuling Chen, Dong Yue succeeded Shang Shuling.
In the fourth year of Jing Yao (261), Dong Yu moved to the post of General of the Auxiliary State, and together with the Wei general Zhuge Zhan (Zhuge Liang's son) and made PingShang Shushi, together with Fan Jian, the attendant, commanded the affairs of the imperial court. At this time, the empress dowager Liu Chan favored the eunuch Huang Hao, but Dong Yue had nothing to correct. Later, the Cao Wei generals Zhong Hui and Deng Ai led the people to cut down Shu, and Dong Yue was ordered to support Jiang Wei, and together with Jiang Wei, Liao Hua and others, refused to meet Zhong hui at the Sword Pavilion. In 263, after the surrender of the later lord Liu Chan, Dong Yue surrendered to the State of Wei with Jiang Wei, and successively served as Xiang Guo's army and scattered horsemen. In this regard, in the author's opinion, as the last Shangshu Ling in the history of the Shu Han Dynasty, Dong Yue can be described as very mediocre, far inferior to Jiang Huan, Fei Yi, Dong Yun and others. What do you think about that?