Author: Shi Qian
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > first, build a "red double well"</h1>
Before the Autumn Harvest Uprising, the officers ate four dishes and one soup at every meal, which was very different from that of the soldiers. After the reorganization of Sanwan, the treatment of officers and soldiers was completely the same, and cadres and soldiers ate the same meals and wore the same clothes.
On September 17, 1927, Chairman Mao and Su Xianjun led the Third Regiment of the Autumn Harvest Uprising Troops to Liuyang Sun Jiayuan to meet the First Regiment led by Lu Deming and Yu Shandu. On the same day, Chairman Mao presided over a meeting of the Committee of Former Enemies of the Hunan Provincial CPC Committee to discuss the issue of military operations. The meeting decided to retreat to Shonan. After the meeting, the first and third regiments marched towards Wenjia City in two ways.
Two days later, the remnants of the 1st, 3rd and 2nd Regiments met in Wenjia City, and there were only more than 1,500 troops left. In the evening, Chairman Mao presided over a meeting of the Committee of Former Enemies at The Liren School to discuss the direction of action of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army. After fierce debate, the meeting negated the opinion of Yu Shandu and others on "taking Liuyang and attacking Changsha directly." With the support of Commander-in-Chief Lu Deming and others, the meeting adopted Chairman Mao's proposal to abandon the attack on Changsha and decided to turn to the rural and mountainous areas where the enemy's ruling force is weak, and to seek a foothold in order to preserve strength and try to develop again.
On September 21, Chairman Mao, together with Lu Deming and Yu Shandu, led the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army from Wenjia City and marched south along the Luoxiao Mountains to Pingxiang and Lianhua in Jiangxi. When the troops arrived at Shangli City in Pingxiang County, they learned that there were enemy troops stationed in the county seat, so they turned east to south and detoured through Luxi to enter Lotus.
Since the transfer of troops in Wenjia City, there have been frequent battles along the way, the number of wounded has increased, some people have fallen behind, and a small number of soldiers have left the army on their own. Coupled with the malaria epidemic, the number of sick people has increased, and some wounded and sick people have died on the side of the road due to lack of medical treatment and lack of timely treatment. Some commanders have the old military habit of beating and cursing soldiers, and some commanders are afraid of hardship and leave the team to find a way out. There were only about 1,000 men left in the troops, and military discipline was lax. In some regiments and battalions, there are many officers and few soldiers and fewer guns, and the situation of the troops is worrying.
On September 29, the troops arrived at Sanwan Village in Yongxin County. Because the local masses did not understand the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army, most of them hid in the mountains. Chairman Mao demanded that all units immediately go up to the mountain and shout propaganda to the masses. The masses returned to the village one after another. That evening, Chairman Mao presided over an enlarged meeting of the Committee of Former Enemies. The meeting decided to reorganize the troops. The main contents: First, rectify the organization, reduce a division into a regiment, called the first regiment of the first division of the first army of the workers' and peasants' revolutionary army, with Chen Hao as the regimental commander, under the jurisdiction of the first battalion, the third battalion, the special service company, the officer team, and the health team.
When reorganizing, officers and men went to stay voluntarily, and if they wanted to stay, they did not want to stay and pay for the road. The second is to establish a system of party organizations at all levels and party representatives, with branches being built on companies, party groups in squads, party deputies at and above the company level, party committees in battalions and regiments, and the troops under the unified leadership of the CPC Committee of Former Enemies with Chairman Mao as secretary. Third, a democratic system is practiced within the armed forces, stipulating that officers are not allowed to beat and scold soldiers, that officers and men are equal, and that soldiers' committees are established at the company, battalion, and regimental levels to participate in the management of the troops.
The measures to improve the relations between officers and soldiers have been implemented in all aspects, and they are also manifested in changes in material treatment. Before the Autumn Harvest Uprising, the officers ate four dishes and one soup at each meal, which was very different from the treatment of soldiers. After the reorganization of Sanwan, the treatment of officers and soldiers was completely the same, and cadres and soldiers ate the same meals and wore the same clothes. Through this remarkable reform, the relations between officers and soldiers have been strengthened, and a good foundation has been laid for the establishment of a new type of people's army.
At the same time, Chairman Mao began to emphasize the purpose of serving the toiling masses wholeheartedly and began to establish a new type of military-civilian relations. In Sanwan Village, there are still stories of Chairman Mao's repair platform and springs.
It turned out that in front of the San Wan Zhong Family Ancestral Hall, there were two wells less than three feet deep. Hundreds of people in the village use the water from this well. One day, a soldier from the cooking class went to the well to fetch water, and seeing that the water was very muddy, he turned around and went to the river to pick up the water and returned to the kitchen, and when he entered the door, he shouted: "The well water in this village is so muddy!" It so happened that Chairman Mao passed by here, and he followed up with the kitchen and asked, "How can the well water be muddy?" "I don't know how." The warrior carrying the water answered.
"Go, go and see." Chairman Mao said this and led the soldiers to the well. When I went there, I saw that the two wells had fallen into disrepair, and the wells were overgrown with weeds and piles of rocks; several water holes in the wells were blocked, and there were not many springs. The turbid water overflowing from the ancestral hall ditch washed away the well and flowed straight into the well. While they were observing, an old man who happened to be carrying water came, and Chairman Mao stepped forward and asked, "Brother Lao, how did the two wells come to be like this?" "There's no way, the soldiers are in a panic, who can still take care of repairing the well, and it's good to have a stable life!"
Chairman Mao nodded, called a soldier to his side, and asked him to borrow a few shovels and a few pairs of dirt baskets from the old man's house. After borrowing the tools, Chairman Mao rolled up his sleeves and trousers, picked up a shovel, bent down to shovel the soil, and cleared the well. The soldiers also followed Chairman Mao, digging mud, moving stones, and filling ditches one by one, and doing a fierce job. When the old men came to the well, they saw that the two wells had been repaired deep, wide and firm, the bricks around the well were solid, the weeds beside the well were shoveled bare, and several turbid water ditches were filled neatly. An old man gave these two wells a name, called "Red Double Wells".
The Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army not only has no offense with the local people, but is also good at doing mass work, paying attention to the most realistic and direct interests of the broad masses, and mobilizing them to carry out the agrarian revolution. In December 1927, when summing up the lessons learned from the Battle of Chaling, Chairman Mao set three major tasks for the troops: first, to fight and destroy the enemy; second, to fight local tycoons to raise funds; third, to publicize the masses, organize the masses, arm the masses, and help the masses establish revolutionary power and local party organizations.
The "three major tasks" fully embody the nature and purpose of our army and further draw a clear line of fundamental differences between our army and the old army. Chairman Mao further pointed out: "Solve the problem of the masses' dressing, eating, housing, chai rice oil and salt, disease and health, and marriage." In short, all the problems of the actual life of the masses are issues to which we should pay attention. ”
It is precisely this flesh-and-blood relationship between the party and the masses and the feelings of life and death and between the military and the people that have built an unbreakable copper wall and an iron wall, which enabled the weak And Small Red Army to break through the enemy's "advance and suppression" and "meeting suppression" of Jinggangshan, and enabled the revolutionary base areas to develop and grow day by day.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="13" > second, Jinggangshan grain picking</h1>
While picking up food and resting, a small warrior asked: When will we win? Chairman Mao said: A match that ignites a thatch and spreads out will burn the whole mountain. The fierce fire of our revolution will surely burn from this Jinggang Mountain throughout China.
In the winter of 1928, Chiang Kai-shek, who was sitting in Nanjing, was uneasy about the growing strength of the "Red Army bandits" led by Chairman Mao and Zhu De in Jinggangshan, and sent a telegram to the Jiangxi warlord Zhu Peide to establish strongholds and pillboxes around Jinggangshan, to press forward step by step, and at the same time cut off all economic resources of the Red Army, in a vain attempt to trap the Red Army on Jinggangshan.
In order to smash the enemy's conspiracy, Chairman Mao issued a battle call to "defend Jinggangshan." He pointed out that in order to repel the enemy's advance and suppression, there are two urgent things to be done at present: First, deploy troops and build complete fortifications to prepare for war; second, store enough grain to ensure that everyone will not go hungry and break the enemy's economic blockade.
It was winter, and a vigorous grain-picking campaign began. This is a difficult task, from Ninggang up the mountain to the big well, small well, round trip dozens of miles, all rugged sheep intestine trail, but also over thousands of meters high Huangyang boundary. Don't say that carrying a grain burden on your shoulders, even if you walk empty-handed, you are tired and breathless. The military and people of Jinggangshan enthusiastically responded to Chairman Mao's call and set off an upsurge of picking grain up the mountain. Both Chairman Mao and Zhu De joined the ranks of grain picking.
On this day, the golden rooster had just chirped, and the Jinggang Mountain was still shrouded in night, and Chairman Mao got up. The guard also hurriedly got up, and he said: "Commander Zhu told me that you will have more nights in the past few days, and every time you drive until midnight, don't go pick grain today." ”
Chairman Mao smiled jokingly and said, "That Commander Zhu Jun, he can't leave his shoulders every day, so why should he be missing?" You don't listen to his set. ”
After speaking, Chairman Mao picked up the cloth bag containing the grain and went out the door against the bitter cold wind. The guards couldn't stop it and followed them...
After arriving in Dalong, the people who picked grain were crowded, and the administrators were very busy. When the grain pickers saw that Committee Member Mao had personally come to pick up grain, their enthusiasm was immediately high; on the basis of the original amount of grain to be picked, some of them had to add 20 catties, and some of them had to add 15 catties. It is funny to say that there was a lack of rice bags at that time, and everyone had a variety of tools to pick up food, and some people even tied up their pants to hold rice, and then put it on their shoulders and carried it back.
Chairman Mao filled a bag of grain and walked in front, followed closely by the guards.
On the boundary of the Yellow Ocean, the mountain is steep and steep. After walking for a while, Chairman Mao and everyone laid down their grain burdens under the vigorous and tall quercus trees and rested on their shoulders. Like everyone else, he untied his rice bag from his waist and began to enjoy a unique lunch. The rice bag contained red rice and chili fried pumpkin, which he ate with his hands grasping the chili and cold rice.
After the meal, Chairman Mao chatted with the grain pickers. He said, why should we carry food? It is to deal with the enemy's "advance and suppression." Now that everyone sweats more, we will be able to shed less blood in the future, and the enemy's "advance and suppression" will be broken by us.
Chairman Mao asked everyone if they were tired or not. The grain pickers replied in unison: "I'm not tired, I can still carry it again." Chairman Mao was very happy to hear this, and said that it is false for everyone to say that they are not tired, and they are tired or tired. However, in order to defend the Jinggangshan revolutionary base area and win greater victories, we must not be afraid of tiredness and suffering. Today we are picking grain for the revolution, and tomorrow we will also pick up the heavy burden of the revolution in China and the whole world.
Chairman Mao asked everyone again: "Standing here, where can I see?" One soldier said: "You can see Jiangxi and Hunan." Chairman Mao cordially taught everyone: Only by standing tall can we see far. To carry out the revolution is to ascend to a high place and look far ahead, not only to see Jiangxi and Hunan, but also to see the whole of China and the whole world.
A young soldier asked, "Commissioner Mao, when will we be victorious?" ”
Chairman Mao said deeply: The water in our Jinggangshan River will eventually flow into the sea if it flows slowly; a match will ignite a thatch and spread out, and it will burn the whole mountain. The fierce fire of our revolution will surely burn from this Jinggang Mountain throughout China.
Chairman Mao's words deeply encouraged the military and the people.
After resting for a while, I started on the road again. The leader is still Chairman Mao's correction of carrying grain, and the people who pick grain are not far behind, taking big strides, and constantly catching up...
Under the leadership of Chairman Mao, men, women and children of Jinggangshan rushed to participate in the grain picking movement, effectively smashing the enemy's economic blockade.
About author:Shi Kui, history teacher at colleges and universities, history researcher. He has been cultivating the history of the Party, the Military and the History of War for a long time. History lovers are welcome to exchange criticisms.