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Huqin originated from Xiqin, which was already used in the court of the Tang Dynasty in the 8th century AD, called Jiqin. The Jiqin soloists of the Northern Song Court already had superb playing skills. With the development of opera art, huqin has gradually become an indispensable accompaniment instrument, used to sing for opera, and the violinist has become the main role of the accompaniment of literary theater. In the first half of the 20th century, Liu Tianhua, as the most representative Huqin artist, drew nourishment from traditional culture and new culture and art, and made new creations, contributing a number of classic works of Huqin art that attracted the world's attention and were loved by the Chinese people. In this issue of the Classic Art Lecture Hall, the famous erhu player Seinfeld will tell you about the musical career of Huqin artist Liu Tianhua and his interpretation of the classic works of the erhu, and lead you into the erhu art hall.
In the century-long development of China's modern music history, Liu Tianhua (1895-1932), as a well-deserved grandmaster of China's modern national music generation, can be said to have opened up a new path for the development of Chinese national instrumental music and laid a century-old foundation in terms of his contributions and achievements. As a composer and performer, Liu Tianhua's musical practice has been called "The Master of Music" (Huang Zi and Wang Yinian) and "both Chinese and Western". Liu Tianhua's musical practice is to revitalize Chinese music and "keep pace" with world music. Born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, Liu Tianhua developed a strong interest in traditional music when he was young, and he learned erhu from the famous Jiangnan artist Zhou Shaomei, and learned from Shen Zhaozhou, the representative of the Chongming School of Pipa, and mastered the performance of the full set of pipa scores of "Yingzhou Ancient Tunes", becoming an authentic inheritor of national music.
Liu Tianhua is regarded as the founder of the Chinese Erhu School of Performance. In the creation of Erhu, he takes the language and expression of national music as the foundation of inheritance and innovation, and at the same time draws on the creation and performance techniques of Western instrumental music, skillfully combines the expression of national musical language with the creation and performance techniques of Western composition, and uses kneading strings, wheel fingers, overtones, vibrating bows, bows, single strings, and establishing and using multi-position playing methods in playing techniques, by expanding the creative language of Erhu, enriching the performance skills of Erhu, deepening the emotional content of Erhu's performance, and giving erhu works a new creative theme.
Liu Tianhua's musical achievements are mainly in terms of national instrumental music, each of the 10 erhu songs he composed, each capital has its own unique style, and each capital is an irreplaceable classic in Chinese erhu art works.
"Sickness"
Also known as "Anshi" or "Hu Shi", it is Mr. Liu Tianhua's debut work, which took a total of eight years from the first draft to the final draft. Mr. Tianhua said that "groaning in illness" does not mean being sick, but being bitter in the heart, and it is a song produced by the bitterness in the heart. The author poured into the music the depressed mood at that time, the sigh of the comfortable life, the struggle in adversity and the pain of being cornered, and through the music, sometimes the whispering, sometimes the indignant singing, sometimes the affectionate talk, sometimes the moaning and sighing, vividly expressed.
Birds on the Empty Mountain
Its first draft was written in 1918 and the title is taken from Yu Tang WangWei's poem "Empty Mountains Don't See People, But Hear People's Voices" (Deer Village). In this song, Liu Tianhua creatively uses the three-string pull drama style of modeling, depicting the beautiful artistic conception of the deep mountains and valleys and the chirping of birds, which is a very figurative work. From this work, the feasibility and importance of the concept of combining Chinese and Western music are also reflected. "Bird Tales of the Empty Mountain" is clearly ahead of the times in technology and thought, drawing on many new creative means and methods to pursue the ideological nature of the work. He greatly explored the expressiveness of the erhu, introducing new techniques, reforming musical instruments, and improving notation methods, all of which played a great role in promoting the art of erhu performance.
"Candle Shadow Shakes Red"
It is the last erhu song written by Liu Tianhua, composed in 1932. This song is a dance song, borrowing the title of the Cantonese song to adopt a three-beat waltz rhythm, combining inheritance and borrowing, showing a gorgeous and brilliant dance party scene in front of people's eyes, showing a unique style. The mood of the music is cheerful, the melody is smooth, and it is intoxicating; but this song is not full of joy, just like an oppressed singer, with a strong smile, a dance, and a sadness and sorrow in a gorgeous, passionate tune, which has a profound and evocative meaning.
The song uses the symbolic title and melody of the music scene to write a lament, a kind of sentimental complex of the end of the world that the building will fall, the storm is nearly falling, and when it is awakened, and the feeling of the times of "the mountains are bad, the beams and pillars are destroyed, and the snot is snot"; it can be described as a "sad sonata" that reveals worry and joy in the brisk melody, showing the beautiful coldness, helpless cheerfulness, heavy bitterness and unpredictable hatred of the broken family of the fallen country, with symbolic implications, cold and anxious feelings. Its title is poetic, but it is mixed with compassion and warning; its rhythm is Western-style, but it also reveals wisps of melancholy and sentimentality; its song style is traditional variations, but it has the meaning of sighing and long-hate; and the subject matter is full of deep awakening of the times, national troubles and the rise and fall of the country.
Biographies of the speakers of this issue
Seinfeld is a famous Huqin performing artist, educator, doctoral and postgraduate supervisor. He has worked for the Central Chinese Orchestra and the China Conservatory of Music. He is currently the vice president and professor of the China Academy of Performing Arts. Vice Chairman of the Chinese Musicians Association, Director of the Performing Arts Committee of the Chinese Musicians Association, President of the Erhu Society. He has won the special contribution award issued by the State Council and the title of "Young and Middle-Aged Literary and Art Workers of Virtue and Art". He has won the first prize in the Erhu Professional Group of the First "ART" Cup International Competition (1989), the China "Golden Disc" Award (2003), the "Golden Disc" Award of China Records (2005), the China Top Ten Audiophile Record Award (2006), the "Special Gold Award" of the China Audio-Visual Expo (2006), the Best Record Award and the Best Performance Award of Asia's Top Ten Audiophile Records (2007), and the Outstanding Folk Music Performer (2017) and other major awards.
Ministry of Education/Planning for The Popularization of Arts
Seinfeld/Wen
Lv Tianyi / finishing