Encyclopedic philosopher - Aristotle

Aristotle, one of the great philosophers, scientists and educators of the world's ancient history, is the epitome of Greek philosophy. He was a student of Plato, who in turn was a student of Socrates, and the three were called the "Three Ancient Greek Philosophers". In the teacher recruitment examination, the knowledge involving Plato is mainly based on objective titles, mainly examining the matching and identification of characters with opinions and works.

1. Title: Encyclopedic philosopher.

Marx once called Aristotle the most knowledgeable of the ancient Greek philosophers, and Engels called him the ancient Hegel. Aristotle contributed to almost every discipline of philosophy, writing on ethics, metaphysics, psychology, economics, theology, political science, rhetoric, natural science, pedagogy, poetry, customs, and the Constitution of Athens.

2. Publications: Ethics, Political Science

Aristotle's views on educational thought are mainly concentrated in Political Science and Ethics, and in Political Science, there is a detailed discussion of physical, moral, and intellectual education.

On the Soul is the world's first book on psychological phenomena.

3. Educational thought

(1) The highest purpose of education: the pursuit of reason is the pursuit of virtue. Aristotle believed that there are two kinds of virtue, one is the "virtue of reason", that is, knowing virtue; The second, more important, is the "moral virtue," i.e., virtue.

(2) In the history of Western education, Aristotle was the first educator to explicitly propose the age stage of children and emphasize that education should follow the order of children's natural development.

Aristotle divided a person's life into 3 stages in 7 years, corresponding to three kinds of education.

The first stage: from birth to 7 years old, it is a period of preschool education. Young children are mainly educated at home, and their task is to carry out physical education to ensure the normal growth and development of the child's body.

Stage 2: 7-14 years old, equivalent to primary school education. It is mainly based on emotional character education.

The third stage: 14-21 years old, is the stage of higher education. The main thing is to develop the rational soul of students and carry out rational education.

Aristotle believed that a reasonable education should follow the natural course of man, first to carry out sports, then character education, and finally intellectual education.

(3) Aristotle put the soul in three parts, namely the plant soul, the animal soul, and the rational soul. The plant soul is the lowest part of the soul, which is mainly manifested in physiological aspects such as nutrition and reproduction; The animal soul is higher than the plant soul, which is mainly manifested in instinct, emotion, desire and so on; The rational soul is the most advanced part of the soul, and it is mainly manifested in cognition and thinking.

(4) Liberal education: also known as liberal education. To implement a cultured education, two basic conditions are needed: First, leisure. Only when the free man does not have to work for his livelihood and has sufficient leisure time can he concentrate on contemplative activities and use reason for the development of the mind; The second is the free discipline, and only the free discipline that does not have any utilitarian purpose is the knowledge that free people should learn, including reading, writing, arithmetics, gymnastics and philosophy.

Leisure education is the essential embryo of lifelong education.

4. Famous quote: I love my teacher, I love the truth even more.

In the Plato School in Athens, Aristotle performed well, and Plato called him "the spirit of the academy". But Aristotle was not a man of worship, academics, and no ideas of his own. He once metaphorically said that wisdom does not die with Plato.

This famous saying, as an examination point, mainly reflects that students should not blindly follow the teacher in the process of learning because of their feelings for the teacher, and should think independently. This sentence also reflects the teaching of the new teacher-student relationship - students can surpass teachers.

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