The number of hypertensive patients in China has reached more than 300 million, and the disability and fatality rate of serious complications of hypertension, including stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, renal insufficiency, etc. Therefore, the population base of people taking antihypertensive drugs in China is large.
Any medication has the potential to cause side effects, and hypertension medications are certainly no exception. However, many people take high blood pressure medications without side effects, and the side effects are usually mild. However, it is important to stay informed and communicate with your doctor to control any side effects that may arise.
Nowadays, there are many types of drugs for the treatment of hypertension, mainly divided into five categories, and the side effects are also "various", and it is necessary to "fire-eyed golden-eyed" to identify side effects.
The first category: diuretics
1. Common drugs: hydrochlorothiazide (double grams), furosemide (furosemide), bumetanide, indapamide (Shoubishan), spironolactone, triamterene; and compound preparations containing diuretics, irbesartan hydrochlorothiazide, losartan hydrochlorothiazide.
2. Mechanism of action: acts on the kidneys, promotes the excretion of sodium, chlorine and potassium ions in the body and the excretion of water, thereby increasing the amount of urine and eliminating the body's edema, and playing a role in reducing blood pressure.
3. Applicable population: hypertensive patients with high-salt diet and cardiac insufficiency.
4. These side effects may be caused:
Potassium deficiency: Most diuretics may lower potassium levels in the body, causing a range of symptoms. It should be noted that certain potassium-sparing diuretics (spironolactone, triamterene) do not have this side effect.
Increased urine output
Some men develop erectile dysfunction
Hyperuricemia: diuretics can cause increased uric acid, symptoms of gout, and sudden redness, swelling, heat and pain in the joints of the fingers and toes.
hyperglycemia
Dyslipidemia
Weakness, fatigue, or leg cramps
The second category: β receptor blockers
1. Common drugs: propranolol (propranolol), metoprolol (betalex), atenolol, bisoprolol.
2. Mechanism of action: block the action of endogenous catecholamine epinephrine and norepinephrine in the sympathetic nervous system, thereby reducing blood pressure by reducing heart rate and weakening myocardial contractility.
3. Applicable population: hypertensive patients with fast heart rate and good cardiac function.
Induces a bronchial asthma attack
Decreased heart rate
Cold hands and feet
depression
Sexual dysfunction
Insomnia and sleep disorders
The third category: calcium channel blockers
1. Common drugs: dipenetrine, nifedipine (Novoda, Baixintong), amlodipine (lovolox), felodipine (boidine), nicardipine.
2. Mechanism of action: block calcium ions from entering the myocardium and blood vessel cells through the calcium ion channels on the cell membrane, so that the myocardium and blood vessels are relaxed and blood pressure is reduced.
3. Applicable population: hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency or diabetes.
Flushing
Hyperemia of the mucous membranes
Ankle edema
constipation
Dizziness and headache
Irregular heartbeat (palpitations)
Fourth category: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors)
1. Common drugs: pripri, captopril (Kaibotong), benazepril (lotinin), enalapril, peptinopril (Yashtara) and fosinopril (mono).
2. Mechanism of action: the kidneys secrete angiotensin II., and angiotensin II. will stimulate the synthesis and secretion of aldosterone to directly shrink blood vessels and raise blood pressure and lead to narrowing of blood vessels. By inhibiting angiotensin-converting enzymes, Ply drugs reduce angiotensin II., thereby reducing peripheral vascular resistance and decreasing blood pressure.
3. Applicable population: hypertensive patients who are prone to potassium deficiency and cardiac and renal insufficiency.
Persistent dry cough: Studies have shown that 15% of people taking ply drugs experience a persistent dry cough that is difficult to control and requires switching to other types of antihypertensive drugs.
Hyperkalemia: Pry drugs have potassium-preserving effects and are at risk of elevated serum potassium and hyperkalemia.
Rash and hypotaspermia: also two other possible side effects of ply drugs.
Fifth category: Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
1. Common drugs: sartans, losartan (kosuya), valsartan (Daiwen), irbesartan (Amberville), candesartan (Vilja), telmisartan (mecarba), olmesartan, alisartan.
2. Mechanism of action: sartan drugs block the synthesis and secretion of angiotensin II," thereby reducing peripheral vascular resistance and decreasing blood pressure.
3. Applicable population: diabetes, patients with hypertension with cardiac and renal insufficiency; patients who take puly class and persistent cough.
dizzy
vertigo
palpitation
Slightly increased potassium
Increased heart rate
There is also a category: α receptor blockers
1. Common drugs: prazosin, trazosin (gautricosin) and doxazosin
α receptor blockers reduce nerve impulses to blood vessels, making it easier for blood to flow. Suitable for patients with hypertension with obesity, hyperlipidemia and renal insufficiency.
2. Mechanism of action: selective blocking of α receptors, can reduce peripheral vascular resistance, reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and have no adverse effects on electrolytes, blood sugar, liver and kidney function; as well as the treatment of male prostatic hyperplasia.
3. Applicable population: patients with hypertension with obesity, hyperlipidemia and renal insufficiency; patients with refractory hypertension.
Orthostatic hypotension (e.g., decreased blood pressure, dizziness, and even syncope when switching from recumbent to erect).
Other types of antihypertensive drugs, Beijing antihypertensive No. 0, reserpine, Zhenju antihypertensive tablets, compound Rob Hemp tablets
Beijing Antihypertensive No. 0 (containing reserpine and triamterene): Reserpine causes relative hypervigusia, fatigue, nasal congestion, slowing of the heart rate, increased gastrointestinal peristalsis leading to diarrhea, and increased secretion of gastric acid and aggravation or bleeding of ulcers. Triamterene is a potassium-sparing diuretic that may elevate potassium.
Zhenju antihypertensive tablets: long-term use of variable dysfunction, middle-aged people should be cautious.
Compound rob hemp tablets: containing guanidine, occasionally can occur orthostatic hypotension and fall, the elderly should be used with caution.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-center-line" > take antihypertensive drugs, 5 key reminders</h1>
Without communicating with your doctor, never stop taking your medication on your own. In some cases, this can be very dangerous and can lead to a significant rise in blood pressure.
If you are planning to become pregnant or are pregnant, inform your doctor and let them choose the safest medication to take. Because ply or sartan antihypertensive drugs can have harmful side effects in pregnant women and their developing babies.
If you are using insulin to treat diabetes, let your doctor know. Patients with diabetes who take diuretics or β blockers for hypertension may experience changes in blood sugar.
If you have problems with an erection during sex, communicate with your doctor. Because some high blood pressure medications can cause problems in this regard. Reducing the dose or switching to another type of medication may help. But high blood pressure itself can also lead to erectile dysfunction.
Also, when starting a new hypertension drug for the first time, be aware of rare allergic reactions. If hives, wheezing, vomiting, dizziness, or swelling of the throat or face occur, call an ambulance for medical attention.
< h1 class= "pgc-h-center-line" > the key points, do the following 3 points, can greatly reduce the side effects of antihypertensive drugs</h1>
1. Long-acting stable antihypertensive drugs (stable, long-lasting antihypertensive drugs are preferred for 24 hours a day), such as nifedipine extended-release tablets, amlodipine, which should start with a small dose and then gradually increase the amount after adaptation.
2. In order to alleviate the effects of hypotension, avoid standing in the sun for a long time; after taking the drug, avoid quickly switching from the recumbent or sitting position to the standing position.
3. Combination drugs and compound preparations are sometimes better than using a single drug, which can not only improve the control of hypertension, but also cancel out and reduce side effects. For example, compound texts (valsartan hydrochlorothiazide tablets), ambono (irbesartan hydrochlorothiazide tablets), and sartans have a slight potassium-boosting effect to weaken the hypokalmidic effect of hydrochlorothiazide.
< h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" > epilogue</h1>
In reality, there are many types of antihypertensive drugs, how to choose the most appropriate antihypertensive drugs? It is indeed very knowledgeable, and doctors should be asked to choose antihypertensive drugs according to their blood pressure levels, physical conditions (especially the damage of target organs), and economic conditions.
Author's Note: Hello everyone, I am Dr. Wei who is committed to popularizing medical knowledge in concise and understandable language. Code words are not easy, the content of this article is to refer to authoritative information and combined with personal medical experience, if this article is helpful to everyone, please help ● point a concern or a thumbs up ● bar, if your family and friends also have the need for this knowledge, please ● forward ● to those who need it.
If you have questions about neurology-related diseases such as cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, dizziness, insomnia, etc., you can leave a message in the ● comment area ● Give me a message, I will reply at the first time after seeing it, your support is the biggest motivation for my creation, thank you!